vscode是一款跨平台、轻量级、开源的IDE, 支持C、C++、Java、C#、R、Python、Go、Nodejs等多种语言的开发和调试。下面介绍在vscode里配置C#环境。这里以配置.Net SDK v5.0,语言版本为C#9.0,对应的开发平台为VS2019,作为案例说明。
1、下载vscode
vscode每3个月就有一次版本更新,而且分为Linux、Mac、Window这个平台版本,这里只介绍Window平台版本的下载。
vscode官网: https://code.visualstudio.com/download
下载vscode后,双击该安装包,一路默认,直到安装完成。
2、下载.Net SDK v5.0
C#语言从2002年2月开始发布的,最初版本是v1.0,接着2003年是C# 1.1,2005年是C# 2.0,2007年是C# 3.0, 2010年是C# 4.0, 2012年是C# 5.0,…,到2022年C#的版本发展到了v11, C#的更新换代非常快,如下表所示:
IDE | C#版本 | .Net Framework版本 | .Net Core版本 | 特性 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Visual Studio 2002 | C# 1.0 | .NET Framework 1.0 | 无 | 委托和事件 |
Visual Studio 2003 | C# 1.1 | .NET Framework 1.2 | 无 | APM(异步编程模型) |
Visual Studio 2005 | C# 2.0 | .NET Framework 2.0 | 无 | 泛型、匿名方法、迭代器、可空类型 |
Visual Studio 2008 | C# 3.0 | .NET Framework 3.0 | 无 | 隐式类型 |
Visual Studio 2008 | C# 3.0 | .NET Framework 3.5 | 无 | lambda表达式,自动实现属性,对象集合初始化,匿名方法,扩展方法,LINQ |
Visual Studio 2010 | C# 4.0 | .NET Framework 4.0 | 无 | 动态绑定,命名和可选参数,泛型的协变和逆变 |
Visual Studio 2012 | C# 5.0 | .NET Framework 4.5 | 无 | 异步和等待,调用方信息 |
Visual Studio 2013 | C# 5.0 | .NET Framework 4.5 | 无 | 异步和等待,调用方信息 |
Visual Studio 2015 | C# 6.0 | .NET Framework 4.6 | .Net Core 1.0 | C#静态导入,异常筛选器,Null传播器,nameof预算符 |
Visual Studio 2017 | C# 7.0/7.1/7.2/7.3 | .NET Framework 4.6.2/4.7/4.7.1/4.7.2 | .Net Core 2.0/2.1/2.2 | C#模式匹配,元组和析构函数,ref局部变量 |
Visual Studio 2019 | C# 8.0 | .NET Framework 4.8 | .Net Core 3.0/3.1 | C#异步流,ReadOnly成员,非托管构造类型 |
Visual Studio 2019 | C# 9.0 | .NET Framework 4.8 | .Net Core 5.0 | C#函数指针,static匿名函数,协变返回类型 |
Visual Studio 2022 | C# 10.0 | .NET Framework 4.8 | .Net Core 6.0 | C#扩展属性模式,记录结构,密封ToString() |
Visual Studio 2022 | C# 11 | .NET Framework 4.8 | .Net Core 6.0 | C# UTF-8支持,列表模式,数值IntPtr |
本文由于要与Visual Studio 2019配套,所以下载.Net SDK v5.0版本,地址为: https://dotnet.microsoft.com/zh-cn/download/dotnet,右击".Net 5.0",在新页面里找到SDK 5.0.214版本,选择 Windows X64版本,下载即可,如图(2)、图(3)所示:
3、安装插件
打开vscode软件,点击vscode左侧的田字图标,安装三个插件:code runner、.Net Install Tool for Extension Authors、C#, 分别如图(4)、图(5)、图(6)所示:
4、配置插件
设置Code Runner插件里的.cs文件的编译方式,点击vscode左侧的田字图标 --》 输入: runner --》找到Code Runner --》右击齿轮图标 --》扩展设置 --》找到 executor Map --》在settings.json中编辑,如图(7)、图(8)所示:
Code Runner插件的的settings.json 的全部配置如下:
{"workbench.colorTheme": "One Dark Modern","go.gopath": "D:\\Ide\\GoProject","go.goroot": "D:\\Ide\\Go","code-runner.languageIdToFileExtensionMap": {"bat": ".bat","powershell": ".ps1","typescript": ".ts"},"code-runner.executorMap": { "javascript": "node","java": "cd $dir && javac $fileName && java $fileNameWithoutExt","c": "cd $dir && gcc $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt","zig": "zig run","cpp": "cd $dir && g++ -std=c++11 $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt","objective-c": "cd $dir && gcc -framework Cocoa $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt","php": "php","python": "python -u","perl": "perl","perl6": "perl6","ruby": "ruby","go": "go run","lua": "lua","groovy": "groovy","powershell": "powershell -ExecutionPolicy ByPass -File","bat": "cmd /c","shellscript": "bash","fsharp": "fsi","csharp": "cd $dir && dotnet run","vbscript": "cscript //Nologo","typescript": "ts-node","coffeescript": "coffee","scala": "scala","swift": "swift","julia": "julia","crystal": "crystal","ocaml": "ocaml","r": "Rscript","applescript": "osascript","clojure": "lein exec","haxe": "haxe --cwd $dirWithoutTrailingSlash --run $fileNameWithoutExt","rust": "cd $dir && rustc $fileName && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt","racket": "racket","scheme": "csi -script","ahk": "autohotkey","autoit": "autoit3","dart": "dart","pascal": "cd $dir && fpc $fileName && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt","d": "cd $dir && dmd $fileName && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt","haskell": "runghc","nim": "nim compile --verbosity:0 --hints:off --run","lisp": "sbcl --script","kit": "kitc --run","v": "v run","sass": "sass --style expanded","scss": "scss --style expanded","less": "cd $dir && lessc $fileName $fileNameWithoutExt.css","FortranFreeForm": "cd $dir && gfortran $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt","fortran-modern": "cd $dir && gfortran $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt","fortran_fixed-form": "cd $dir && gfortran $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt","fortran": "cd $dir && gfortran $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt","sml": "cd $dir && sml $fileName"},"C_Cpp.default.intelliSenseMode": "windows-gcc-x64","workbench.editor.languageDetectionHints": {"notebookEditors": false},"C_Cpp.default.compilerArgs": ["-std=c++11"],"C_Cpp.default.compilerPath": "","code-runner.executorMapByGlob": {"pom.xml": "cd $dir && mvn clean package"}
}
C# 全称为c sharp,则在settings.json里的配置如下:
"code-runner.executorMap": { "csharp": "cd $dir && dotnet run",
},
5、创建工程HelloCsharp
打开vscode软件,点击vscode菜单栏里的【终端】–》新建终端 --》输入: cmd,切换到cmd模式 --》创建一个C#控制台工程: HelloCsharp的命令为:
dotnet new console -n HelloCsharp
进入HelloCsharp工程目录
cd HelloCsharp
编译C#工程,并运行.cs文件
dotnet run
如图(9)所示:
参考文献
- [1] C#语言版本发展历史.microsoft.learn
- [2].Net版本发展历史.microsoft.learn
- [3] C#历史简介.wikepedia