一、前置说明
在自动化测试中，经常需要验证多台设备的兼容性，Appium可以用同一套测试运例并行测试多个设备，以达到验证兼容性的目的。
解决思路：
- 查找已连接的所有设备；
- 为每台设备启动相应的Appium Server；
- 使用多线程执行 pytest 命令；
二、核心代码
# test_multi_devices.pyimport pytestfrom driver.appium.manager import port_manager@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def devicename(request):return request.config.getoption("--devicename")@pytest.fixture
def driver(devicename):from driver.appium.driver import WebDriverserver_port = port_manager.get_server_port(devicename)trans_port = port_manager.get_trans_port(devicename)# appium 多设备并行注意事项：# 1. server_port: 必须传值，它是 appium server 的监听端口号，在启动多个 appium server的情况下，用于指定当前driver与哪个 server 进行通信；# 2. uuid: 必须传值，它是每个设备的唯一标识，用于appium server区分与哪台设备在通信，确保测试执行不会混淆；# 3. systemPort: 必须传值，是UiAutomator2 Server的6790端口绑定至本地的端口号，该端口用于在本地监听并接收从 UiAutomator2 Server 发出的请求；appium_server_url = f'http://localhost:{server_port}'capabilities = {"platformName": "Android","automationName": "uiautomator2","deviceName": devicename,"udid": devicename,"app": "D:\\resources\\ApiDemos-debug.apk","systemPort": trans_port}driver = WebDriver(command_executor=appium_server_url, capabilities=capabilities)yield driverdriver.quit()def test_runner(driver):driver.smart_find_element(by='text', value='App').click()driver.smart_find_element(by='text', value='Notification').click()driver.smart_find_element(by='text', value='NotifyWithText').click()driver.smart_find_element(by='text', value='SHOW SHORT NOTIFICATION').click()element = driver.get_toast('Short notification')assert element.text == 'Short notification'# main.pyimport threading
import pytest
from driver.appium.manager import MobileDevicesManager, AppiumServersManager, device_managerfrom driver.appium.manager import port_managerPY_RUNNER = 'tests/test_multi_devices.py'def start_server_and_run_pytest(devicename):"""启动Appium Server，并且执行pytest"""port = port_manager.get_server_port(devicename)# 为每台设备启动一个appium serverserver_manager = AppiumServersManager(port)server_manager.start_server()# 执行pytestpytest.main([PY_RUNNER, '-s', '-v', '--devicename', devicename])def run_multi_devices():"""多设备并行测试"""devices = device_manager.get_connected_devices()threads = []for devicename in devices:thread = threading.Thread(target=start_server_and_run_pytest, args=(devicename,))threads.append(thread)# 启动线程thread.start()# 等待所有线程完成for thread in threads:thread.join()if __name__ == '__main__':import logging.configlogging.config.fileConfig('conf/logging.conf')# 执行并发测试run_multi_devices()三、Demo验证
当前有3台设备连接，执行代码，会启动3个appium server:
3台设备会同时执行测试（有1台为手机，不方便截图）：
四、appium 多设备并行注意事项
# 1. server_port: 必须传值，它是 appium server 的监听端口号，在启动多个 appium server的情况下，用于指定当前driver与哪个 server 进行通信；# 2. uuid: 必须传值，它是每个设备的唯一标识，用于appium server区分与哪台设备在通信，确保测试执行不会混淆；# 3. systemPort: 必须传值，是UiAutomator2 Server的6790端口绑定至本地的端口号，该端口用于在本地监听并接收从 UiAutomator2 Server 发出的请求；appium_server_url = f'http://localhost:{server_port}'capabilities = {"platformName": "Android","automationName": "uiautomator2","deviceName": devicename,"udid": devicename,"app": "D:\\resources\\ApiDemos-debug.apk","systemPort": trans_port}driver = WebDriver(command_executor=appium_server_url, capabilities=capabilities)
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