文章目录
- 1、Modbus协议基础知识
- 1.1、Modbus存储范围
- 1.2、Modbus协议功能码说明
- 1.3、Modbus协议分类及测试
- 2、ModbusRTU通信报文分析
- 2.1、modbusRTU通信格式
- 3、Modbus通信库开发
- 4、通信库测试
1、Modbus协议基础知识
1.1、Modbus存储范围
modbus规定，每个存储区域的最大范围是65536。plc地址
西门子：MW100、DBI、DBD0，
三菱：D0、X0、Y0
绝对地址=区号+相对地址
Modbus地址=区号+（相对地址+1）
输出寄存器的第一个绝对地址是40001
地址模型：长地址模型、短地址模型
相对地址和绝对地址：说明文档用绝对地址、协议报文用相对地址。
1.2、Modbus协议功能码说明
协议的目的是传输数据，已经确定好了存储区，存储区不同的数据类型，那么必然会产生不同的行为方式，我们给每种行为制定一个代号，那么这个代号就是功能码，功能码其实就是行为的代号。
读取输入线圈、读取输出线圈、读取输入寄存器、读取输出寄存器、写入输出线圈、写入输入线圈
0x01 读取输入线圈
0x02 读取输出线圈
0x03 读取输出寄存器
0x04 读取输入寄存器
0x05 写入单个线圈
0x06 写入单个寄存器
0x0F 写入多个线圈
0x10 写入多个寄存器
1.3、Modbus协议分类及测试
报文帧 modbusRTU、modbusASCII、modbusTCP
通信介质 串口通信 232/485/422、以太网通信 TCP/IP UDP/IP
协议分类 modbusRTU协议、modbusASCII协议、modbusRTUOverTCP、modbusRTUOverTCP、modbusASCIIOverTCP、modbusASCIIOverUDP、modbusTCP协议、modbusUDP协议
2、ModbusRTU通信报文分析
2.1、modbusRTU通信格式
报文帧格式（字节）：
从站地址（1）：要和那个设备通信
功能码（1）：要做什么
数据部分（N）：读取发送：开始地址、读取数量。读取接收：字节计数、具体数据。写入单发送：字节计数、具体数据。写入多发送：开始地址、写入数量、写入数据。写入多接收：开始地址、写入数量。
校验部分（2）：CRC16
校验部分： 这里的校验和串口的奇校验/偶校验是没有关系的，校验是为了保证数据的准确，校验的本质是算法。
01功能码：
发送格式：从站地址+功能码+开始线圈地址+线圈数量+CRC
接收报文格式：从站地址+功能码+字节计数+数据+CRC
读取线圈测试：读取1号站点从10开始的20个线圈的值
发送报文：01 01 00 0A 00 14 1C 07
接收报文：01 01 03 03 00 00 CC 4E
02功能码：
发送格式：从站地址+功能码+开始线圈地址+线圈数量+CRC
接收报文格式：从站地址+功能码+字节计数+数据+CRC
读取输入线圈：读取5号站点从20开始的10个线圈
发送报文 ：05 02 00 14 00 0A B9 8D
接收报文：05 02 02 03 00 48 88
03功能码：
发送格式：从站地址+功能码+开始寄存器地址+寄存器数量+CRC
接收报文格式：从站地址+功能码+字节计数+数据+CRC
地区输出寄存器：读取2号站点从10开始的4个寄存器
CRC16MODBUS校验
发送报文 02 03 00 0A 00 04 64 38
接收报文 02 03 08 00 01 00 02 00 03 00 04 02 50
04功能码：
发送格式：从站地址+功能码+开始寄存器地址+寄存器数量+CRC
接收报文格式：从站地址+功能码+字节计数+数据+CRC
地区输出寄存器：读取2号站点从10开始的4个寄存器
发送报文：02 04 00 0A 00 04 64 38
接收报文：02 04 08 00 01 00 02 00 03 00 04 B3 8A
05功能码：
发送报文格式：从站地址+功能码+线圈地址+线圈的值+CRC
接收报文格式：从站地址+功能码+线圈地址+线圈的值+CRC
预置单线圈：将2号线圈点的05地址置位
发送报文格式：02 05 00 05 FF 00 9C 08
接收报文格式：02 05 00 05 FF 00 9C 08
06功能码：
发送报文格式：从站地址+功能码+寄存器地址+寄存器值+CRC
接收报文格式：从站地址+功能码+寄存器地址+寄存器值+CRC
3、Modbus通信库开发
创建windows窗体应用
通信库内容：
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.IO.Ports;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace ModbusRTULib
{public class ModbusRTU{#region 字段和属性//串口通信对象private SerialPort serialPort;/// <summary>/// 读取超时时间/// </summary>private int ReadTimeOut { set; get; } = 2000;/// <summary>/// 串口延迟时间/// </summary>private int DelayTime { set; get; } = 10;/// <summary>/// 最大写入时间/// </summary>private int MaxWriteTime { set; get; } = 5000;/// <summary>/// 写入超时时间/// </summary>private int WriteTimeOut { set; get; } = 2000;private bool dtrEnable = false;/// <summary>/// Dtr使能标志/// </summary>private bool DtrEnable{get { return dtrEnable; }set { dtrEnable = value;this.serialPort.DtrEnable = dtrEnable;}}private bool rtsEnable = false;/// <summary>/// Rts使能标志/// </summary>private bool RtsEnable{get { return rtsEnable; }set{rtsEnable = value;this.serialPort.RtsEnable = rtsEnable;}}#endregion#region 构造方法//构造方法public ModbusRTU(){serialPort = new SerialPort();}#endregion#region 连接方法/// <summary>/// 建立连接/// </summary> n /// <param name="portName">串口号</param>/// <param name="baudRate">波特率</param>/// <param name="parity">校验位</param>/// <param name="dataBis">数据位</param>/// <param name="stopBits">停止位</param>/// <returns></returns>public bool Connect(String portName,int baudRate=9600,Parity parity=Parity.None,int dateBits=8,StopBits stopBits = StopBits.One){//如果窗口打开就关闭if (serialPort != null && serialPort.IsOpen){serialPort.Close();}//参数设置serialPort.PortName = portName;serialPort.BaudRate = baudRate;serialPort.Parity = parity;serialPort.DataBits = dateBits;serialPort.StopBits = stopBits;serialPort.ReadTimeout = this.ReadTimeOut;serialPort.WriteTimeout = this.WriteTimeOut;try{serialPort.Open();}catch(Exception){return false;}return true;}/// <summary>/// 断开连接/// </summary>public void DisConnect(){//如果窗口打开就关闭if (serialPort != null && serialPort.IsOpen){serialPort.Close();}}#endregion#region 01H读取输出线圈/// <summary>/// 读取输出线圈/// </summary>/// <param name="slaveId">站地址</param>/// <param name="start">起始地址</param>/// <param name="length">读取长度</param>/// <returns></returns>public byte[] ReadOutputCoils(byte slaveId,ushort start,ushort length){//1 拼接报文 从站地址+功能码+开始线圈地址+线圈数量+CRCList<byte> SendCommand = new List<byte>();SendCommand.Add(slaveId);SendCommand.Add(0x01);SendCommand.Add(((byte)(start/256)));SendCommand.Add(((byte)(start%256)));SendCommand.Add((byte)(length / 256));SendCommand.Add((byte)(length % 256));SendCommand.AddRange(CRC16(SendCommand.ToArray(), SendCommand.Count));//2 发送报文//3 接收报文byte[] receive = null;int byteLength = length % 8 == 0 ? length / 8 : length / 8 + 1;if (SendAndReceive(SendCommand.ToArray(), ref receive)){//4 验证报文if (CheckCRC(receive) && receive.Length == 5 + byteLength && receive[2] == byteLength){if (receive[0] == slaveId && receive[1] == 0x01){//5 解析报文byte[] result = new byte[byteLength];Array.Copy(receive, 3, result, 0, byteLength);return result;}}}return null;}#endregion#region 02H读取输入线圈/// <summary>/// 读取输入线圈/// </summary>/// <param name="slaveId">站地址</param>/// <param name="start">起始地址</param>/// <param name="length">读取长度</param>/// <returns></returns>public byte[] ReadInputCoils(byte slaveId, ushort start, ushort length){//1 拼接报文 从站地址+功能码+开始线圈地址+线圈数量+CRCList<byte> SendCommand = new List<byte>();SendCommand.Add(slaveId);SendCommand.Add(0x02);SendCommand.Add(((byte)(start / 256)));SendCommand.Add(((byte)(start % 256)));SendCommand.Add((byte)(length / 256));SendCommand.Add((byte)(length % 256));SendCommand.AddRange(CRC16(SendCommand.ToArray(), SendCommand.Count));//2 发送报文//3 接收报文byte[] receive = null;int byteLength = length % 8 == 0 ? length / 8 : length / 8 + 1;if (SendAndReceive(SendCommand.ToArray(), ref receive)){//4 验证报文if (CheckCRC(receive) && receive.Length == 5 + byteLength&& receive[2] == byteLength){if (receive[0] == slaveId && receive[1] == 0x02){//5 解析报文byte[] result = new byte[byteLength];Array.Copy(receive, 3, result, 0, byteLength);return result;}}}return null;}#endregion#region 03H读取输出寄存public byte[] ReadOutputRegisters(byte slaveId,ushort start,ushort length){//1 拼接报文 从站地址+功能码+开始线圈地址+线圈数量+CRCList<byte> SendCommand = new List<byte>();SendCommand.Add(slaveId);SendCommand.Add(0x03);SendCommand.Add(((byte)(start / 256)));SendCommand.Add(((byte)(start % 256)));SendCommand.Add((byte)(length / 256));SendCommand.Add((byte)(length % 256));SendCommand.AddRange(CRC16(SendCommand.ToArray(), SendCommand.Count));//2 发送报文//3 接收报文byte[] receive = null;int byteLength = length * 2;if (SendAndReceive(SendCommand.ToArray(), ref receive)){//4 验证报文if (CheckCRC(receive) && receive.Length == 5 + byteLength){if (receive[0] == slaveId && receive[1] == 0x03 && receive[2] == byteLength){//5 解析报文byte[] result = new byte[byteLength];Array.Copy(receive, 3, result, 0, byteLength);return result;}}}return null;}#endregion#region 04H读取输如寄存public byte[] ReadInputRegisters(byte slaveId, ushort start, ushort length){//1 拼接报文 从站地址+功能码+开始线圈地址+线圈数量+CRCList<byte> SendCommand = new List<byte>();SendCommand.Add(slaveId);SendCommand.Add(0x04);SendCommand.Add(((byte)(start / 256)));SendCommand.Add(((byte)(start % 256)));SendCommand.Add((byte)(length / 256));SendCommand.Add((byte)(length % 256));SendCommand.AddRange(CRC16(SendCommand.ToArray(), SendCommand.Count));//2 发送报文//3 接收报文byte[] receive = null;int byteLength = length * 2;if (SendAndReceive(SendCommand.ToArray(), ref receive)){//4 验证报文if (CheckCRC(receive) && receive.Length == 5 + byteLength){if (receive[0] == slaveId && receive[1] == 0x04 && receive[2] == byteLength){//5 解析报文byte[] result = new byte[byteLength];Array.Copy(receive, 3, result, 0, byteLength);return result;}}}return null;}#endregion#region 05H预置单线圈public bool PreSetSingleCoil(byte slaveId, ushort start, bool value){//1 拼接报文 从站地址+功能码+开始线圈地址+线圈数量+CRCList<byte> SendCommand = new List<byte>();SendCommand.Add(slaveId);SendCommand.Add(0x05);SendCommand.Add(((byte)(start / 256)));SendCommand.Add(((byte)(start % 256)));SendCommand.Add(value?(byte)0xFF:(byte)0x00);SendCommand.Add(0x00);SendCommand.AddRange(CRC16(SendCommand.ToArray(),SendCommand.Count));//2 发送报文//3 接收报文byte[] receive = null;if (SendAndReceive(SendCommand.ToArray(), ref receive)){//4 验证报文if (CheckCRC(receive) && receive.Length == 8){return ByteArrayEquals(SendCommand.ToArray(), receive);}}return false;}#endregion#region 06H预置寄存器/// <summary>/// 06H预置寄存器/// </summary>/// <param name="slaveId">站地址</param>/// <param name="start">起始地址</param>/// <param name="value"></param>/// <returns></returns>public bool PreSetSingleRegister(byte slaveId, ushort start, byte[] value){//1 拼接报文 从站地址+功能码+开始线圈地址+线圈数量+CRCList<byte> SendCommand = new List<byte>();SendCommand.Add(slaveId);SendCommand.Add(0x06);SendCommand.Add(((byte)(start / 256)));SendCommand.Add(((byte)(start % 256)));SendCommand.AddRange(value);SendCommand.AddRange(CRC16(SendCommand.ToArray(), SendCommand.Count));//2 发送报文//3 接收报文byte[] receive = null;if (SendAndReceive(SendCommand.ToArray(), ref receive)){//4 验证报文if (CheckCRC(receive) && receive.Length == 8){return ByteArrayEquals(SendCommand.ToArray(), receive);}}return false;}public bool PreSetSingleRegister(byte slaveId,ushort start,short value){return PreSetSingleRegister(slaveId, start, BitConverter.GetBytes(value).Reverse().ToArray());}public bool PreSetSingleRegister(byte slaveId, ushort start, ushort value){return PreSetSingleRegister(slaveId, start, BitConverter.GetBytes(value).Reverse().ToArray());}#endregion#region 0FH预置多线圈public bool PreSetManyCoil(byte slaveId, ushort start, bool[] value){//1 拼接报文 从站地址+功能码+开始线圈地址+线圈数量+CRCList<byte> SendCommand = new List<byte>();byte[] setArray = GetByteArrayFromBoolArray(value);SendCommand.Add(slaveId);SendCommand.Add(0x0F);SendCommand.Add(((byte)(start / 256)));SendCommand.Add(((byte)(start % 256)));SendCommand.Add(((byte)(value.Length / 256)));SendCommand.Add(((byte)(value.Length % 256)));SendCommand.Add((byte)setArray.Length);SendCommand.AddRange(setArray);SendCommand.AddRange(CRC16(SendCommand.ToArray(), SendCommand.Count));//2 发送报文//3 接收报文byte[] receive = null;if (SendAndReceive(SendCommand.ToArray(), ref receive)){//4 验证报文if (CheckCRC(receive) && receive.Length == 8){for(int i = 0; i < 6; i++){if (SendCommand[i] != receive[i]){return false;}}return true;}}return false;}#endregion#region 10H预置多寄存器public bool PreSetMutiRegister(byte slaveId, ushort start, byte[] value){//1 拼接报文 从站地址+功能码+开始线圈地址+线圈数量+CRCif (value == null || value.Length == 0 || value.Length % 2 == 1){return false;}List<byte> SendCommand = new List<byte>();int registerLength = value.Length / 2;SendCommand.Add(slaveId);SendCommand.Add(0x10);SendCommand.Add(((byte)(start / 256)));SendCommand.Add(((byte)(start % 256)));SendCommand.Add(((byte)(registerLength / 256)));SendCommand.Add(((byte)(registerLength % 256)));SendCommand.Add(((byte)value.Length));SendCommand.AddRange(value);SendCommand.AddRange(CRC16(SendCommand.ToArray(), SendCommand.Count));//2 发送报文//3 接收报文byte[] receive = null;if (SendAndReceive(SendCommand.ToArray(), ref receive)){//4 验证报文if (CheckCRC(receive) && receive.Length == 8){for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++){if (SendCommand[i] != receive[i]){return false;}}return true;}}return false;}#endregion#region 发送和接受报文private bool SendAndReceive(byte[] send,ref byte[] receive){SimpleHybirdLock hybirdLock = new SimpleHybirdLock();//加锁hybirdLock.Enter();try{//发送报文serialPort.Write(send, 0, send.Length);//定义一个buffer缓冲区byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];//定义一个内存MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream();//定义一个开始时间DateTime start = DateTime.Now;//为了一次性读取不完整，需要循环读取while (true){Thread.Sleep(DelayTime);//延迟一段时间再读取if (this.serialPort.BytesToRead > 0){int count = serialPort.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);//读取到缓冲区stream.Write(buffer, 0, count);//缓冲区写入到内存}else{if (stream.Length > 0){break;}else if ((DateTime.Now - start).TotalMilliseconds > MaxWriteTime){return false;}}}receive = stream.ToArray();return true;}catch (Exception){return false;}finally{//解锁hybirdLock.Leave();}}#endregion#region 简单的混合锁public sealed class SimpleHybirdLock : IDisposable{private bool disposedValue = false;void Dispose(bool disposting){if (!disposedValue){if (disposedValue){}m_waiterLock.Close();disposedValue = true;}}public void Dispose(){Dispose(true);}private Int32 m_waiters = 0;private AutoResetEvent m_waiterLock = new AutoResetEvent(false);public void Enter(){if (Interlocked.Increment(ref m_waiters) == 1) return;m_waiterLock.WaitOne();}public void Leave(){if (Interlocked.Decrement(ref m_waiters) == 0) return;m_waiterLock.Set();}public bool IsWaitting => m_waiters == 0;}#endregion#region CRC校验private static readonly byte[] aucCRCHi ={0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81,0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0,0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01,0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81,0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0,0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01,0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81,0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0,0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01,0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81,0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0,0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01,0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81,0x40};private static readonly byte[] aucCRCLo ={0x00, 0xC0, 0xC1, 0x01, 0xC3, 0x03, 0x02, 0xC2, 0xC6, 0x06, 0x07, 0xC7, 0x05, 0xC5, 0xC4,0x04, 0xCC, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0xCD, 0x0F, 0xCF, 0xCE, 0x0E, 0x0A, 0xCA, 0xCB, 0x0B, 0xC9, 0x09,0x08, 0xC8, 0xD8, 0x18, 0x19, 0xD9, 0x1B, 0xDB, 0xDA, 0x1A, 0x1E, 0xDE, 0xDF, 0x1F, 0xDD,0x1D, 0x1C, 0xDC, 0x14, 0xD4, 0xD5, 0x15, 0xD7, 0x17, 0x16, 0xD6, 0xD2, 0x12, 0x13, 0xD3,0x11, 0xD1, 0xD0, 0x10, 0xF0, 0x30, 0x31, 0xF1, 0x33, 0xF3, 0xF2, 0x32, 0x36, 0xF6, 0xF7,0x37, 0xF5, 0x35, 0x34, 0xF4, 0x3C, 0xFC, 0xFD, 0x3D, 0xFF, 0x3F, 0x3E, 0xFE, 0xFA, 0x3A,0x3B, 0xFB, 0x39, 0xF9, 0xF8, 0x38, 0x28, 0xE8, 0xE9, 0x29, 0xEB, 0x2B, 0x2A, 0xEA, 0xEE,0x2E, 0x2F, 0xEF, 0x2D, 0xED, 0xEC, 0x2C, 0xE4, 0x24, 0x25, 0xE5, 0x27, 0xE7, 0xE6, 0x26,0x22, 0xE2, 0xE3, 0x23, 0xE1, 0x21, 0x20, 0xE0, 0xA0, 0x60, 0x61, 0xA1, 0x63, 0xA3, 0xA2,0x62, 0x66, 0xA6, 0xA7, 0x67, 0xA5, 0x65, 0x64, 0xA4, 0x6C, 0xAC, 0xAD, 0x6D, 0xAF, 0x6F,0x6E, 0xAE, 0xAA, 0x6A, 0x6B, 0xAB, 0x69, 0xA9, 0xA8, 0x68, 0x78, 0xB8, 0xB9, 0x79, 0xBB,0x7B, 0x7A, 0xBA, 0xBE, 0x7E, 0x7F, 0xBF, 0x7D, 0xBD, 0xBC, 0x7C, 0xB4, 0x74, 0x75, 0xB5,0x77, 0xB7, 0xB6, 0x76, 0x72, 0xB2, 0xB3, 0x73, 0xB1, 0x71, 0x70, 0xB0, 0x50, 0x90, 0x91,0x51, 0x93, 0x53, 0x52, 0x92, 0x96, 0x56, 0x57, 0x97, 0x55, 0x95, 0x94, 0x54, 0x9C, 0x5C,0x5D, 0x9D, 0x5F, 0x9F, 0x9E, 0x5E, 0x5A, 0x9A, 0x9B, 0x5B, 0x99, 0x59, 0x58, 0x98, 0x88,0x48, 0x49, 0x89, 0x4B, 0x8B, 0x8A, 0x4A, 0x4E, 0x8E, 0x8F, 0x4F, 0x8D, 0x4D, 0x4C, 0x8C,0x44, 0x84, 0x85, 0x45, 0x87, 0x47, 0x46, 0x86, 0x82, 0x42, 0x43, 0x83, 0x41, 0x81, 0x80,0x40};private byte[] CRC16(byte[] pucFrame, int usLen){int i = 0;byte[] res = new byte[2] { 0xFF, 0xFF };ushort index;while (usLen-- > 0){index = (ushort)(res[0] ^ pucFrame[i++]);res[0] = (byte)(res[1] ^ aucCRCHi[index]);res[1] = aucCRCLo[index];}return res;}private bool CheckCRC(byte[] value){if (value == null) return false;if (value.Length <= 2) return false;int length = value.Length;byte[] buf = new byte[length - 2];Array.Copy(value, 0, buf, 0, buf.Length);byte[] CRCbuf = CRC16(buf, buf.Length);if (CRCbuf[0] == value[length - 2] && CRCbuf[1] == value[length - 1])return true;return false;}#endregion#region 数组比较方法private bool ByteArrayEquals(byte[] b1, byte[] b2){if (b1 == null || b2 == null) return false;if (b1.Length != b2.Length) return false;for(int i = 0; i < b1.Length; i++){if (b1[i] != b2[i]) return false;}return true;}#endregion#region 将布尔数组转换为字节数组private byte[] GetByteArrayFromBoolArray(bool[] value){int byteLength = value.Length % 8 == 0 ? value.Length / 8 : value.Length / 8 + 1;byte[] result = new byte[byteLength];for(int i = 0; i < result.Length; i++){//获取每个字节值int total = value.Length < 8 * (i + 1) ? value.Length - 8 * i : value.Length / 8 + 1;for(int j = 0; j < total; j++){result[i] = SetBitValue(result[i], j, value[8 * i + j]);}}return result;}private byte SetBitValue(byte src,int bit ,bool value){return value ? (byte)(src | (byte)Math.Pow(2, bit)) : (byte)(src & ~(byte)Math.Pow(2, bit));}#endregion}
}
4、通信库测试
测试页面
主要方法
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.IO.Ports;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using ModbusRTULib;
using thinger.DataConvertLib;namespace Modbus_project
{public partial class Modbus_ui : Form{public enum StoreArea{输出线圈0x,输入线圈1x,输出寄存器4x,输入寄存器3x}public Modbus_ui(){InitializeComponent();init();}//Modbus通信对象private ModbusRTU modBus = new ModbusRTU();//当前连接状态private bool isConnected = false;private DataFormat dataFormat = DataFormat.ABCD;#region 初始化/// <summary>/// 初始化参数/// </summary>private void init(){//获取本机的端口列表String[] portList = SerialPort.GetPortNames();if (portList.Length > 0){this.port_comboBox.Items.AddRange(portList);this.port_comboBox.SelectedIndex = 0;}//波特率this.rate_comboBox.Items.AddRange(new String[] { "2400", "4800", "9600", "19200", "38400" });this.rate_comboBox.SelectedIndex = 2;//校验位this.check_comboBox.DataSource = Enum.GetNames(typeof(Parity));//enum提供枚举的基类,typeof运算符用于获取某个类型的 System.Type 实例。 typeof 运算符的实参必须是类型或类型形参的名称this.check_comboBox.SelectedIndex = 0;//停止位this.stop_comboBox.DataSource = Enum.GetNames(typeof(StopBits));this.stop_comboBox.SelectedIndex = 1;//数据位this.data_comboBox.Items.AddRange(new string[] { "7", "8" });this.data_comboBox.SelectedIndex = 1;//大小端枚举this.big_comboBox.DataSource = Enum.GetNames(typeof(DataFormat));this.big_comboBox.SelectedIndex = 0;//存储区this.store_comboBox.DataSource = Enum.GetNames(typeof(StoreArea));this.big_comboBox.SelectedIndex = 0;//数据类型this.datatype_comboBox.DataSource = Enum.GetNames(typeof(DataType));this.datatype_comboBox.SelectedIndex = 0;//动态修改listview第二列宽度this.read_listView.Columns[1].Width = this.read_listView.Width - this.read_listView.Columns[0].Width - 20;}#endregion#region 建立连接 & 断开连接private void connect_button_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){if (isConnected){AddLog(1,"modbus已经连接");return;}Parity parity = (Parity)Enum.Parse(typeof(Parity), this.check_comboBox.Text, true);StopBits stopBits = (StopBits)Enum.Parse(typeof(StopBits), this.stop_comboBox.Text, true);isConnected = modBus.Connect(this.port_comboBox.Text, Convert.ToInt32(this.rate_comboBox.Text), parity, Convert.ToInt32(this.data_comboBox.Text), stopBits);if (isConnected){AddLog(0, "modbus连接成功");}else{AddLog(2, "modbus连接失败");}}/// <summary>/// 断开连接/// </summary>/// <param name="sender"></param>/// <param name="e"></param>private void close_button_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){modBus.DisConnect();isConnected = false;AddLog(0, "modbus断开连接");}#endregion#region 通用日志/// <summary>/// 通用日志方法/// </summary>/// <param name="level"></param>/// <param name="info"></param>private void AddLog(int level,string info){ListViewItem lst = new ListViewItem(" "+DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"), level);lst.SubItems.Add(info);//让最新的数据在上面this.read_listView.Items.Insert(0, lst);}#endregion#region 读取数据private void read_button1(object sender, EventArgs e){if (commentVerify()){byte bvId = byte.Parse(this.slave_textBox.Text.Trim());ushort start = ushort.Parse(this.start_textBox.Text.Trim());ushort length = ushort.Parse(this.length_textBox.Text.Trim());//enum提供枚举的基类DataType dataType = (DataType)Enum.Parse(typeof(DataType), this.datatype_comboBox.Text, true);StoreArea storeArea = (StoreArea)Enum.Parse(typeof(StoreArea), this.store_comboBox.Text, true);dataFormat = (DataFormat)Enum.Parse(typeof(DataFormat), this.big_comboBox.Text, true);switch (dataType){case DataType.Bool:ReadBool(storeArea, bvId, start, length);break;case DataType.Byte:ReadByte(storeArea, bvId, start, length);break;case DataType.Short:ReadShort(storeArea, bvId, start, length);break;case DataType.UShort:ReadUShort(storeArea, bvId, start, length);break;case DataType.Int:ReadInt(storeArea, bvId, start, length);break;case DataType.UInt:ReadUInt(storeArea, bvId, start, length);break;case DataType.Float:ReadFloat(storeArea, bvId, start, length);break;case DataType.Double:case DataType.Long:case DataType.ULong:case DataType.String:case DataType.ByteArray:case DataType.HexString:AddLog(1, "读取失败，暂时不支持");return;default:break;}}}#endregion#region 读取boolprivate void ReadBool(StoreArea storeArea, byte devId, ushort start, ushort length){byte[] result = null;switch (storeArea){case StoreArea.输出线圈0x:result = modBus.ReadOutputCoils(devId, start, length);break;case StoreArea.输入线圈1x:result = modBus.ReadInputCoils(devId, start, length);break;case StoreArea.输出寄存器4x:case StoreArea.输入寄存器3x:AddLog(1, "读取失败不支持该寄存器");return;}if (result != null){AddLog(0, "读取成功:" + StringLib.GetStringFromValueArray(BitLib.GetBitArrayFromByteArray(result, 0, length)));}else{AddLog(1, "读取失败，请检查参数");}}#endregion#region 读取byteprivate void ReadByte(StoreArea storeArea, byte devId, ushort start, ushort length){byte[] result = null;switch (storeArea){case StoreArea.输出线圈0x:result = modBus.ReadOutputCoils(devId, start, length);break;case StoreArea.输入线圈1x:result = modBus.ReadInputCoils(devId, start, length);break;case StoreArea.输出寄存器4x:result = modBus.ReadOutputRegisters(devId, start, length);break;case StoreArea.输入寄存器3x:result = modBus.ReadInputRegisters(devId, start, length);break;}if (result != null){AddLog(0, "读取成功:" + StringLib.GetStringFromValueArray(result));}else{AddLog(1, "读取失败，请检查参数");}}#endregion#region 读取shortprivate void ReadShort(StoreArea storeArea, byte devId, ushort start, ushort length){byte[] result = null;switch (storeArea){case StoreArea.输出线圈0x:case StoreArea.输入线圈1x:AddLog(1, "读取失败，不支持该存储区");return;case StoreArea.输出寄存器4x:result = modBus.ReadOutputRegisters(devId, start, length);break;case StoreArea.输入寄存器3x:result = modBus.ReadInputRegisters(devId, start, length);break;}if (result != null){AddLog(0, "读取成功:" + StringLib.GetStringFromValueArray(ShortLib.GetShortArrayFromByteArray(result, this.dataFormat)));}else{AddLog(1, "读取失败，请检查参数");}}#endregion#region 读取ushortprivate void ReadUShort(StoreArea storeArea, byte devId, ushort start, ushort length){byte[] result = null;switch (storeArea){case StoreArea.输出线圈0x:case StoreArea.输入线圈1x:AddLog(1, "读取失败，不支持该存储区");return;case StoreArea.输出寄存器4x:result = modBus.ReadOutputRegisters(devId, start, length);break;case StoreArea.输入寄存器3x:result = modBus.ReadInputRegisters(devId, start, length);break;}if (result != null){AddLog(0, "读取成功:" + StringLib.GetStringFromValueArray(UShortLib.GetUShortArrayFromByteArray(result, this.dataFormat)));}else{AddLog(1, "读取失败，请检查参数");}}#endregion#region 读取intprivate void ReadInt(StoreArea storeArea, byte devId, ushort start, ushort length){byte[] result = null;switch (storeArea){case StoreArea.输出线圈0x:case StoreArea.输入线圈1x:AddLog(1, "读取失败，不支持该存储区");return;case StoreArea.输出寄存器4x:result = modBus.ReadOutputRegisters(devId, start, (ushort)(length * 2));break;case StoreArea.输入寄存器3x:result = modBus.ReadInputRegisters(devId, start, (ushort)(length * 2));break;}if (result != null){AddLog(0, "读取成功:" + StringLib.GetStringFromValueArray(IntLib.GetIntArrayFromByteArray(result, this.dataFormat)));}else{AddLog(1, "读取失败，请检查参数");}}#endregion#region 读取uintprivate void ReadUInt(StoreArea storeArea, byte devId, ushort start, ushort length){byte[] result = null;switch (storeArea){case StoreArea.输出线圈0x:case StoreArea.输入线圈1x:AddLog(1, "读取失败，不支持该存储区");return;case StoreArea.输出寄存器4x:result = modBus.ReadOutputRegisters(devId, start, (ushort)(length * 2));break;case StoreArea.输入寄存器3x:result = modBus.ReadInputRegisters(devId, start, (ushort)(length * 2));break;}if (result != null){AddLog(0, "读取成功:" + StringLib.GetStringFromValueArray(UIntLib.GetUIntArrayFromByteArray(result, this.dataFormat)));}else{AddLog(1, "读取失败，请检查参数");}}#endregion#region 读取floatprivate void ReadFloat(StoreArea storeArea, byte devId, ushort start, ushort length){byte[] result = null;switch (storeArea){case StoreArea.输出线圈0x:case StoreArea.输入线圈1x:AddLog(1, "读取失败，不支持该存储区");return;case StoreArea.输出寄存器4x:result = modBus.ReadOutputRegisters(devId, start, (ushort)(length * 2));break;case StoreArea.输入寄存器3x:result = modBus.ReadInputRegisters(devId, start, (ushort)(length * 2));break;}if (result != null){AddLog(0, "读取成功:" + StringLib.GetStringFromValueArray(FloatLib.GetFloatArrayFromByteArray(result, this.dataFormat)));}else{AddLog(1, "读取失败，请检查参数");}}#endregion#region 写入数据private void write_button1(object sender, EventArgs e){if (commentVerify()){byte bvId = byte.Parse(this.slave_textBox.Text.Trim());ushort start = ushort.Parse(this.start_textBox.Text.Trim());//enum提供枚举的基类DataType dataType = (DataType)Enum.Parse(typeof(DataType), this.datatype_comboBox.Text, true);StoreArea storeArea = (StoreArea)Enum.Parse(typeof(StoreArea), this.store_comboBox.Text, true);string setValue = this.write_textBox.Text.Trim();dataFormat = (DataFormat)Enum.Parse(typeof(DataFormat), this.big_comboBox.Text, true);switch (dataType){case DataType.Bool:WriteBool(storeArea, bvId, start, setValue);break;case DataType.Byte:WriteByte(storeArea, bvId, start, setValue);break;case DataType.Short:WriteShort(storeArea, bvId, start, setValue);break;case DataType.UShort:WriteUShort(storeArea, bvId, start, setValue);break;case DataType.Int:WriteInt(storeArea, bvId, start, setValue);break;case DataType.UInt:WriteUInt(storeArea, bvId, start, setValue);break;case DataType.Float:WriteFloat(storeArea, bvId, start, setValue);break;case DataType.Double:case DataType.Long:case DataType.ULong:case DataType.String:case DataType.ByteArray:case DataType.HexString:AddLog(1, "读取失败，暂时不支持");return;default:break;}}}#endregion#region 写入boolprivate void WriteBool(StoreArea storeArea, byte devId, ushort start, string setValue){bool result = false;switch (storeArea){case StoreArea.输出线圈0x:bool[] values = BitLib.GetBitArrayFromBitArrayString(setValue);if (values.Length == 1){result = modBus.PreSetSingleCoil(devId, start, values[0]);}else{result = modBus.PreSetManyCoil(devId, start, values);}break;case StoreArea.输入线圈1x:case StoreArea.输出寄存器4x:case StoreArea.输入寄存器3x:AddLog(1, "读写入失败不支持该存储区");return;}if (result){AddLog(0, "写入成功" );}else{AddLog(1, "写入失败");}}#endregion#region 写入Byteprivate void WriteByte(StoreArea storeArea, byte devId, ushort start, string setValue){bool result = false;switch (storeArea){case StoreArea.输出寄存器4x:result = modBus.PreSetMutiRegister(devId, start, ByteArrayLib.GetByteArrayFromHexString(setValue));break;case StoreArea.输出线圈0x:case StoreArea.输入线圈1x:case StoreArea.输入寄存器3x:AddLog(1, "写入失败不支持该存储区");return;}if (result){AddLog(0, "写入成功");}else{AddLog(1, "写入失败");}}#endregion#region 写入Shortprivate void WriteShort(StoreArea storeArea, byte devId, ushort start, string setValue){bool result = false;switch (storeArea){case StoreArea.输出寄存器4x:short[] values = ShortLib.GetShortArrayFromString(setValue);if (values.Length == 1){result = modBus.PreSetSingleRegister(devId, start, values[0]);}else{result = modBus.PreSetMutiRegister(devId, start, ByteArrayLib.GetByteArrayFromShortArray(values));}break;case StoreArea.输出线圈0x:case StoreArea.输入线圈1x:case StoreArea.输入寄存器3x:AddLog(1, "写入失败不支持该存储区");return;}if (result){AddLog(0, "写入成功");}else{AddLog(1, "写入失败");}}#endregion#region 写入UShortprivate void WriteUShort(StoreArea storeArea, byte devId, ushort start, string setValue){bool result = false;switch (storeArea){case StoreArea.输出寄存器4x:ushort[] values = UShortLib.GetUShortArrayFromString(setValue);if (values.Length == 1){result = modBus.PreSetSingleRegister(devId, start, values[0]);}else{result = modBus.PreSetMutiRegister(devId, start, ByteArrayLib.GetByteArrayFromUShortArray(values));}break;case StoreArea.输出线圈0x:case StoreArea.输入线圈1x:case StoreArea.输入寄存器3x:AddLog(1, "写入失败不支持该存储区");return;}if (result){AddLog(0, "写入成功");}else{AddLog(1, "写入失败");}}#endregion#region 写入Intprivate void WriteInt(StoreArea storeArea, byte devId, ushort start, string setValue){bool result = false;switch (storeArea){case StoreArea.输出寄存器4x:int[] values = IntLib.GetIntArrayFromString(setValue);result = modBus.PreSetMutiRegister(devId, start, ByteArrayLib.GetByteArrayFromIntArray(values));break;case StoreArea.输出线圈0x:case StoreArea.输入线圈1x:case StoreArea.输入寄存器3x:AddLog(1, "写入失败不支持该存储区");return;}if (result){AddLog(0, "写入成功");}else{AddLog(1, "写入失败");}}#endregion#region 写入UIntprivate void WriteUInt(StoreArea storeArea, byte devId, ushort start, string setValue){bool result = false;switch (storeArea){case StoreArea.输出寄存器4x:uint[] values = UIntLib.GetUIntArrayFromString(setValue);result = modBus.PreSetMutiRegister(devId, start, ByteArrayLib.GetByteArrayFromUIntArray(values));break;case StoreArea.输出线圈0x:case StoreArea.输入线圈1x:case StoreArea.输入寄存器3x:AddLog(1, "写入失败不支持该存储区");return;}if (result){AddLog(0, "写入成功");}else{AddLog(1, "写入失败");}}#endregion#region 写入Floatprivate void WriteFloat(StoreArea storeArea, byte devId, ushort start, string setValue){bool result = false;switch (storeArea){case StoreArea.输出寄存器4x:float[] values = FloatLib.GetFloatArrayFromString(setValue);result = modBus.PreSetMutiRegister(devId, start, ByteArrayLib.GetByteArrayFromFloatArray(values));break;case StoreArea.输出线圈0x:case StoreArea.输入线圈1x:case StoreArea.输入寄存器3x:AddLog(1, "写入失败不支持该存储区");return;}if (result){AddLog(0, "写入成功");}else{AddLog(1, "写入失败");}}#endregion#region 通用验证方法private bool commentVerify(){if (isConnected==false){AddLog(1, "请检查连接是否正常");return false;}if(byte.TryParse(this.slave_textBox.Text,out _) == false){AddLog(1, "请检查站地址是否正常");return false;}if (ushort.TryParse(this.start_textBox.Text, out _) == false){AddLog(1, "请检查起始地址是否正常");return false;}//将数字的字符串表示形式转换为其等效的 16 位无符号整数if (ushort.TryParse(this.length_textBox.Text, out _) == false){AddLog(1, "请检查长度格式是否正常");return false;}return true;}#endregion}
}
一些注意：
-
过程中会用到thinger.DataConvertLib数据转换库
-
在listview列表中，需要用imagelist来添加标签
