前言

什么是IDE?

IDE = 文本编辑 + 搜索 + 代码导航 + 编译调试 + 测试 + …

JetBrains系列功能强大，但也挺耗资源的，vscode相对轻量级一点，且插件众多，日新月异，不可不学。我实际上这两个IDE是一起用的。
我主要使用四大编程语言：Java、Python、JS/TS和golang。

• Java主要做RESTful API server，以及和各种后端数据打交道。以及Android应用。
• Python主要写爬虫和深度学习程序
• Javascript/typescript主要写前端Vue/React程序，以及小部分Electron程序
• golang还不精通，主要写一些小工具，网络相关的居多

为了方便日后查阅，特把个人的配置整理出来。下面都是针对MacOS环境的设置。

在vscode里配置java开发比较繁琐，其它几个语言相对容易些。如果搞掂了这四种语言，意味着我一个Mac本上可以同时跑多个工程，不用担心卡顿了。

vscode主要配置

settings.json是主要配置文件，settings.json可以放在工作区(.vscode/settings.json），也可以放在用户区和全局下。
优先级：工作区>用户>全局默认，前面的配置覆盖后面的，这样做的好处是你可以为不同工作区、不同用户做不同配置，而不会互相干扰。
例如在MacOS下：~/Library/Application Support/code/User/settings.json就是用户区的。全局的在安装目录下。

vscode的两个主要快捷键

ctrl+p　文件搜索快捷键
ctrl+shift+p　命令快捷键
command + , 调出设置

创建你的代码模版

选择菜单里的 文件 > 首选项 > 用户代码片段，使用 $1，$2 等指定光标位置，这些数字指定了光标跳转的顺序，$0表示最终光标位置。
下面是一个创建react native组件的模板:

{// Place your 全局 snippets here. Each snippet is defined under a snippet name and has a scope, prefix, body and // description. Add comma separated ids of the languages where the snippet is applicable in the scope field. If scope // is left empty or omitted, the snippet gets applied to all languages. The prefix is what is // used to trigger the snippet and the body will be expanded and inserted. Possible variables are: // $1, $2 for tab stops, $0 for the final cursor position, and ${1:label}, ${2:another} for placeholders. // Placeholders with the same ids are connected.// Example:"react native component template": {		"prefix": "react","body": ["/**","* @file ${2: $TM_FILENAME_BASE}","* @date $CURRENT_YEAR-$CURRENT_MONTH-$CURRENT_DATE","*/","$0","","import React from 'react';","import {","    View,","    Text,",				"    StyleSheet",				"} from 'react-native';","import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';","import PropTypes from 'prop-types';","","const $TM_FILENAME_BASE = (props) => { ","    const [state, setState] = useState()","    const fetchData = () => {","        try {","           fetch('')",		"           .then((response) => response.json())","           .then((responseJson) => { ","           })","           .catch((error) => {","               console.error(error);","            });","        } catch (error) {","            console.error(error);","        } finally {","    ","        }","    return <View></View>","};","","$TM_FILENAME_BASE.propTypes = {};","const styles = StyleSheet.create({","    container: {","        justifyContent: 'center',","        flex: 1","    }","})","","export default $TM_FILENAME_BASE;",    ],"description": "React Native Component Template"}
}

Java

目标：在vscode中运行和调试SpringBoot应用，执行gradle构建，和执行JUnit测试用例。
先总结一下:

• vscode打开带pom.xml或build.gradle的文件夹时，会自动识别为java project。没有任何build tool的文件夹被视为unmanaged foldler，就得手工配置Java runtime和source folder以及classpath了。
• vscode通过maven和gradle插件，可以分别创建maven project和gradle project。注意，目前不支持Android工程，搞Android开发还是老老实实用Android Studio吧。

有时遇到不能正确识别出Java project，可以尝试清除vscode缓存，在~/Library/ApplicationSupport/Code/User/workspaceStorage下，都删除好了。也可以安装Workspaces clean cache这个插件。

配置JDK和Gradle环境

先查看机器上装有哪些JDK版本:

/usr/libexec/java_home -V

Matching Java Virtual Machines (6):17.0.5 (x86_64) "JetBrains s.r.o." - "JBR-17.0.5+1-653.23-nomod 17.0.5" /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jbr-17.0.5-osx-x64-b653.23/Contents/Home17.0.5 (x86_64) "Eclipse Adoptium" - "OpenJDK 17.0.5" /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/temurin-17.jdk/Contents/Home17.0.1 (x86_64) "Oracle Corporation" - "OpenJDK 17.0.1" /Users/ku/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/openjdk-17.0.1/Contents/Home16.0.2 (x86_64) "Amazon.com Inc." - "Amazon Corretto 16" /Users/ku/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/corretto-16.0.2/Contents/Home1.8.351.10 (x86_64) "Oracle Corporation" - "Java" /Library/Internet Plug-Ins/JavaAppletPlugin.plugin/Contents/Home1.8.0_181 (x86_64) "Oracle Corporation" - "Java SE 8" /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_181.jdk/Contents/Home
/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jbr-17.0.5-osx-x64-b653.23/Contents/Home

可以根据需要切换一下JDK版本:

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/libexec/java_home -v 17

然后，在settings.json中，配置java.home和gradle.home:

"java.jdt.ls.java.home": "/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jbr-17.0.5-osx-x64-b653.23/Contents/Home",
"spring-boot.ls.java.home": "/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jbr-17.0.5-osx-x64-b653.23/Contents/Home",
"java.import.gradle.home": "/opt/gradle-7.5.1"

主要插件

• Java Extension for Pack
• Spring Boot Extension Pack
• Gradle Extension Pack
• Gradle Language Support
• Lombok: 智能生成 setter getter toString

常见的配置

{
"java.compile.nullAnalysis.mode": "disabled",
"java.dependency.packagePresentation": "hierarchical"}

launch.json配置

{
"configurations": [{"type": "java","name": "Spring Boot-BudgetApplication<budget>","request": "launch","cwd": "${workspaceFolder}","console": "internalConsole","mainClass": "com.someone.budget.BudgetApplication","projectName": "cms","args": ["--module-path","lib/javafx-sdk-13/lib","--add-modules=javafx.controls"]}
]

args和vmArgs都有两种写法：
“vmArgs”: “-Xms256m -Xmx1g -Dserver=production”
或者：
“vmArgs”: [“-Xms256m”, “-Xmx1g”, “-Dserver=production”]

运行测试用例

正常在测试视图里能列出所有的测试用例。如果要查看用例中System.out.println()输出，切换到窗口:

常见问题

• 无法找到Test
  解析：vscode没有识别出java工程，所以无法enable java test。可以清理vscode缓存和无关的文件，然后重新导入
• 命令行编译正确，但vscode问题里一堆的编译错误
  解析：估计装了过多的插件，导致部分插件误报问题
  
  红框标出的插件不用装，这也是vscode的一大问题：插件太繁荣，有时装多了会起冲突。
• For queries with named parameters you need to use provide names for method parameters. Use @Param for query method parameters, or when on Java 8+ use the javac flag -parameters.; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: For queries with named parameters you need to use provide names for method parameters. Use @Param for query method parameters, or when on Java 8+ use the javac flag -parameters.

这个问题是需要给java compiler加上一个参数：-parameters
在settings.json中定义：

"java.settings.url": "/pathto/settings.prefs"

然后，新建一个文件settings.prefs，放到任意位置均可，内容如下:

org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.codegen.methodParameters=generate

常用快捷键

Shift+Alt+O ：自动导入包
Ctrl + Command + B ：跳到实现

Python

主要插件

settings.json配置

{"python.testing.unittestEnabled": false,"python.testing.nosetestsEnabled": false,"python.testing.pytestEnabled": true,"python.testing.autoTestDiscoverOnSaveEnabled": true,"python.testing.pytestArgs": [".","--capture=no","-q", "--disable-warnings"],  
}

launch.json配置示例

{// Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.// Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.// For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387"version": "0.2.0","configurations": [{"name": "Python","type": "python","request": "launch","stopOnEntry": false,"pythonPath": "C:\\Users\\hetao\\anaconda3\\python.exe","program": "${file}","cwd": "${workspaceRoot}","env": {},"envFile": "${workspaceRoot}/.env","debugOptions": ["WaitOnAbnormalExit","WaitOnNormalExit","RedirectOutput"]}]
}

Javascript/typescript

vscode对于typescript的支持最为友好，因为它本身就是用ts开发的。

常用插件

settings.json样例

{"cSpell.words": ["Element Plus", "element-plus"],"typescript.tsdk": "node_modules/typescript/lib","editor.formatOnSave": true,"npm.packageManager": "pnpm","eslint.probe": ["javascript","javascriptreact","typescript","typescriptreact","html","vue","markdown","json","jsonc"],"eslint.validate": ["javascript","javascriptreact","typescript","typescriptreact","html","vue","markdown","json","jsonc"],"vite.devCommand": "pnpm run dev -- --","i18n-ally.localesPaths": "packages/locale/lang","i18n-ally.enabledParsers": ["ts"],"i18n-ally.enabledFrameworks": ["vue", "vue-sfc"],"i18n-ally.keystyle": "nested","iconify.includes": ["ep"],"unocss.root": "./docs"
}

Golang

主要插件

• Go for Visual Studio Code
• Go Tools: 按ctrl+shift+p 调出命令面板，输入go install tools 选Go: Install/Update Tools，将所有 16 个插件都勾选上。

settings.json

{"go.goroot": "","go.gopath": "","http.proxy": "192.168.0.1:1081", // 根据需要，安装包需要"go.inferGopath": true,"go.autocompleteUnimportedPackages": true,"go.gocodePackageLookupMode": "go","go.gotoSymbol.includeImports": true,"go.useCodeSnippetsOnFunctionSuggest": true,"go.useCodeSnippetsOnFunctionSuggestWithoutType": true,"go.docsTool": "gogetdoc",
}

参考

• vscode java 支持