前端、后端上传文件到OSS,简明记录
上传文件到oss的方式:
**后端上传:**文件先要从页面上传到后端存起来,再通过后端发送到oss,然后后端将存起来的文件删除(当然可以不删)。
**前端上传:**文件通过前端页面直接上传到OSS服务器,不需要传到后端服务器,但是要先从后端获取上传OSS的凭证,然后再上传到OSS。
后端上传
后端上传的方式,官网有现成的sdk,非常简单,导入依赖后,对着代码传送你要上传的文件到后端即可
添加maven依赖
<dependency><groupId>com.aliyun.oss</groupId><artifactId>aliyun-sdk-oss</artifactId><version>3.15.1</version></dependency>
复制下面代码到JUnit中执行了一下,更改对应的endpoint、bucketName等参数,即可执行文件上传到oss,不过对应的accessKey、accessKeySecret参数都存放在环境变量中,这也是阿里云推荐这么操作,为了安全起见以及代码与配置分离。当然你也可以直接在代码中或properties、yml文件中配置。
@Testpublic void testOSSUpload() throws com.aliyuncs.exceptions.ClientException {// Endpoint以华东1(杭州)为例,其它Region请按实际情况填写。String endpoint = "https://oss-cn-nanjing.aliyuncs.com";// 从环境变量中获取访问凭证。运行本代码示例之前,请确保已设置环境变量OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID和OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET。EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = CredentialsProviderFactory.newEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider();// 填写Bucket名称,例如examplebucket。String bucketName = "othersitefiles";// 填写Object完整路径,例如exampledir/exampleobject.txt。Object完整路径中不能包含Bucket名称。String objectName = "exampledir/exampleobject.jpg";// 创建OSSClient实例。OSS ossClient = new OSSClientBuilder().build(endpoint, credentialsProvider);try {File file = new File("D:\\Bruce\\dog.jpg");ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();try (InputStream is = new FileInputStream(file)) {byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];int readCount;while ((readCount = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {bos.write(buffer, 0, readCount);}} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);} catch (IOException e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}ossClient.putObject(bucketName, objectName, new ByteArrayInputStream(bos.toByteArray()));} catch (OSSException oe) {System.out.println("Caught an OSSException, which means your request made it to OSS, "+ "but was rejected with an error response for some reason.");System.out.println("Error Message:" + oe.getErrorMessage());System.out.println("Error Code:" + oe.getErrorCode());System.out.println("Request ID:" + oe.getRequestId());System.out.println("Host ID:" + oe.getHostId());} catch (ClientException ce) {System.out.println("Caught an ClientException, which means the client encountered "+ "a serious internal problem while trying to communicate with OSS, "+ "such as not being able to access the network.");System.out.println("Error Message:" + ce.getMessage());} finally {if (ossClient != null) {ossClient.shutdown();}}}
因为是在idea中执行的JUnit测试上传,所以环境变量需要再ide中配置。
如果是在idea中运行web项目测试,则可以在ide中配置环境变量,也可以在系统环境变量中进行配置,如果两者都设置了,则优先会从ide中获取配置。
而如果是发布以后的web项目,则就必须在系统环境变量中去设置。
前端上传:
既然要上传到oss,其实就不用上传后端,最好是由前端安全的把文件传到oss,这种操作最为合理。
这是后需要先到阿里云去配置账户与角色
在这里可以得到你新建账户的accessKey与accessSecret,然后给这个用户添加权限
然后再新增角色
为角色也添加权限后,找到AEN的值,在代码中会用到
后端代码:
service:
这里基本把参数都配置到环境变量中了
@Service("fileUploadOSSService")
public class FileUploadOSSServiceImpl implements FileUploadService {private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FileUploadOSSServiceImpl.class);@Overridepublic R getToken(@CurrentUserPC UsersVO usersVO) {try {EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = CredentialsProviderFactory.newEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider();String region = System.getenv("REGION");String rolearn = System.getenv("ROLEARN");// 初始化默认profile,填入您的AK信息DefaultProfile profile = DefaultProfile.getProfile(region, credentialsProvider.getCredentials().getAccessKeyId(), credentialsProvider.getCredentials().getSecretAccessKey());// 创建DefaultAcsClient实例并初始化IAcsClient client = new DefaultAcsClient(profile);// 创建AssumeRoleRequest请求对象AssumeRoleRequest request = new AssumeRoleRequest();request.setRoleArn(rolearn);request.setRoleSessionName("MySession");// 可选设置会话持续时间,默认为900秒request.setDurationSeconds(900L);// 发起请求并获取响应AssumeRoleResponse response = client.getAcsResponse(request);// 解析并打印临时凭证信息String accessKeyId = response.getCredentials().getAccessKeyId();String accessKeySecret = response.getCredentials().getAccessKeySecret();String securityToken = response.getCredentials().getSecurityToken();String endpoint = System.getenv("OSS_ENDPOINT");String bucket = System.getenv("BUCKET");System.out.println("临时AccessKeyId: " + accessKeyId);System.out.println("临时AccessKeySecret: " + accessKeySecret);System.out.println("临时SecurityToken: " + securityToken);OSSVO ossVO = new OSSVO();ossVO.setAccessKeyId(accessKeyId);ossVO.setAccessKeySecret(accessKeySecret);ossVO.setSecurityToken(securityToken);ossVO.setEndpoint(endpoint);ossVO.setExpiration(response.getCredentials().getExpiration());ossVO.setBucketName(bucket);ossVO.setRegion(region);ossVO.setFileName(RandomUtils.getUUID() + System.currentTimeMillis() + usersVO.getUid());return R.ok().put("data", ossVO);} catch (ClientException e) {e.printStackTrace();logger.error("获取token失败,com.aliyun.oss.ClientException:", e);} catch (ServerException e) {e.printStackTrace();logger.error("获取token失败,ClientException:", e);} catch (com.aliyuncs.exceptions.ClientException e) {e.printStackTrace();logger.error("获取token失败,com.aliyuncs.exceptions.ClientException:", e);}return R.error("获取token失败");}}
BUCKET为Bucket名称
OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID与OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET则是刚才创建RAM用户的AccessKey ID与 Accesskey Secret
OSS_ENDPOINT为Endpoint
ROLEARN就是在角色那里的ARN值
OSS_SESSION_TOKEN不用管,REGION为地区,一般就是Endpoint中的地区,按理我这里应该对应是cn-nanjing,但是查了下对照表,cn-nanjing的对应REGION应该是cn-hangzhou,所以我这里填的是cn-hangzhou
目前阿里云在中国大陆地区的regionId主要有:
- cn-hangzhou
- cn-beijing
- cn-shanghai
- cn-qingdao
- cn-zhangjiakou
- cn-huhehaote
- cn-shenzhen
- cn-chengdu
- cn-hongkong
- cn-hangzhou-internal
根据阿里云的官方文档,南京节点(Nanjing)并未单独作为一个regionId列出,而是作为华东2(Hangzhou)的一部分。所以,如果在南京节点使用OSS服务,应该使用cn-hangzhou
作为regionId。
controller:
@Api("文件上传")
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/pcApi/fileUpload")
public class FileUploadController {@Autowired@Qualifier("fileUploadOSSService")private FileUploadService fileUploadOSSService;@ApiOperation("获取OSS token")@PostMapping("/getOSSToken")public R getOSSToken(@CurrentUserPC UsersVO usersVO) {return fileUploadOSSService.getToken(usersVO);}}
前端代码:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html><head><meta charset="utf-8"><title></title></head><body><div id="app"><!-- HTML部分 --><input type="file" id="fileInput" accept="image/*" ref="fileInput" @change="uploadFile" /></div></body><script src="js/jquery-1.10.2.min.js"></script><script src="js/vue.min.js"></script><script src="node_modules/ali-oss/dist/aliyun-oss-sdk.min.js"></script><script>var app = new Vue({el: "#app",data: {},created() {},methods: {uploadFile(event) {const file = event.target.files[0];// 获取文件后缀名var fileExtension = file.name.substring(file.name.lastIndexOf('.') + 1);// 转换为小写以便不区分大小写比较fileExtension = fileExtension.toLowerCase();debugger;// 确保文件已选择if (file) {// 上传文件的逻辑const token ="eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJ1c2VyIjp7InVpZCI6MiwidXNlcm5hbWUiOiJ6aGFuZ2RpIiwidHlwZSI6MX19._ADwwEioEnyV7L_xqPjWZgeR_13ow5uDU01Togtr90I"; // 根据实际情况从存储中获取token// 前端请求后端获取临时凭证$.ajax({url: "http://localhost:8099/pcApi/fileUpload/getOSSToken",dataType: "json",method: "POST",headers: {"token": token},success: function(data) {if (data.code == 0) {console.log(data.data);const credentials = data.data;// 初始化OSS客户端const client = new OSS({region: credentials.region,accessKeyId: credentials.accessKeyId,accessKeySecret: credentials.accessKeySecret,bucket: credentials.bucketName,stsToken: credentials.securityToken,endpoint: credentials.endpoint, // 使用STS提供的EndpointrefreshSTSToken: this.getNewSTSToken,refreshSTSTokenInterval: 300000, // 设置STS Token刷新间隔,单位是毫秒,默认值是300000(即5分钟)});// 开始上传文件try {const result = client.put('weiqingview/'+credentials.fileName + '.' + fileExtension, file);debugger;console.log('Upload successful:', result);} catch (error) {console.error('Failed to upload file:', error);}}}});}},// 在初始化OSS客户端之后定义一个函数用来获取新的STS TokengetNewSTSToken(callback) {$.ajax({url: "http://localhost:8099/pcApi/fileUpload/getOSSToken",dataType: "json",method: "POST",headers: {"token": token // 这里的token应该来自实际的用户认证信息或者存储中的有效token},success: function(data) {if (data.code === 0) {const newCredentials = data.data;callback(null, {accessKeyId: newCredentials.accessKeyId,accessKeySecret: newCredentials.accessKeySecret,securityToken: newCredentials.securityToken});} else {// 处理错误,例如重新获取或其他逻辑console.error('Failed to fetch new STS Token:', data.message);callback(new Error(data.message));}},error: function(xhr, status, err) {// 请求失败处理console.error('Error while fetching new STS Token:', err);callback(err);}});}}});</script>
</html>
对照着需要引入jquery与vue,而aliyun-oss-sdk.min.js需要通过npm 或yarn安装一下,或者引入cdn也行
npm install ali-oss --save
# 或者
yarn add ali-oss
运行
发现图片已经上传到oss