目录
- 写在前面
- 6 Ansible Vars 变量
- 6.1 playbook中的变量
- 6.1.1 playbook中定义变量的格式
- 6.1.2 举例
- 6.1.3 小tip
- 6.2 共有变量
- 6.2.1 变量文件
- 6.2.1.1 变量文件编写
- 6.2.1.2 playbook编写
- 6.2.1.3 运行测试
- 6.2.2 根据主机组使用变量
- 6.2.2.1 groups_vars编写
- 6.2.2.2 playbook编写
- 6.2.2.3 测试
- 6.3 register变量
- 6.3.1 register使用
- 6.3.2 register变量输出的解释-json
- 6.3.3 仅获取需要的输出
- 6.4 facts变量
- 6.4.1 setup模块获取的facts变量
- 6.4.2 常用的facts变量
- 6.4.3 facts变量的实际案例
写在前面
这是Ansible系列第四篇，内容为Ansible Vars的介绍、使用
序号连续上篇笔记 Ansible03-Ansible Playbook剧本详解
回顾一下Ansible架构：
6 Ansible Vars 变量
类似于shell脚本的变量，但语法格式不同.
在yaml文件中的位置一般处于tasks之上，级别同级，key为vars，也可以通过变量文件引入，key为vars_files。
| 可以定义变量的地方 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| 在剧本文件中定义 | 比较常用。仅仅限于当前的play使用。 |
| register变量(注册变量) | `ip=hostname -I 实现脚本中反引号的功能，可以获取命令结果。 |
| 变量文件（根据主机清单分分组进行定义变量。） | 如果多个剧本，使用相同的变量，大型的剧本roles。 |
| inventory主机清单中定义变量 | 未来可以用于批量修改主机使用，其他很少用了。 |
| 命令行中 | 几乎不用。 |
| facts变量 | 一般用于获取主机基本信息：ip、主机名、系统（centos/ubuntu）。如果不需要可以关闭，用于加速剧本的执行。 |
6.1 playbook中的变量
6.1.1 playbook中定义变量的格式
-hosts: allvars: 变量名1: 值变量名2: 值
...
6.1.2 举例
#playbook
[root@manager playbook]# cat 05.pbvars.yaml
- hosts: frontvars:my_var: "Hello, World!"tasks:- name: Use playbook-defined variabledebug:msg: "{{ my_var }}"
- hosts: managervars:my_var: "Hello, World!"tasks:- name: Use playbook-defined variabledebug:msg: "{{ my_var }}"# 运行
[root@manager playbook]# ansible-playbook 05.pbvars.yamlPLAY [front] **********************************************************************************************TASK [Gathering Facts] ************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.100.148]TASK [Use playbook-defined variable] **********************************************************************
ok: [192.168.100.148] => {"msg": "Hello, World!"
}PLAY [manager] ********************************************************************************************TASK [Gathering Facts] ************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.100.151]TASK [Use playbook-defined variable] **********************************************************************
ok: [192.168.100.151] => {"msg": "Hello, World!"
}PLAY RECAP ************************************************************************************************
192.168.100.148 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
192.168.100.151 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=06.1.3 小tip
使用变量的时候如果
变量是某个选项的开头,则变量引用的时候需要加上双引号.
dir: /oldboy/lidao/upload/
file:
path: "{{ dir }}" #这种要添加,变量是开头.
file:
path: /oldboy-new/{{ dir }} #这种可以不加引号,变量不是开头.
- 在剧本play中定义变量应用:
- 仅仅在当前play生效.
- 一般用来存放路径,用户名,ip地址,类似于之前使用的脚本.
- 注意引号使用.
6.2 共有变量
可以被多个playbook访问的公用变量
6.2.1 变量文件
6.2.1.1 变量文件编写
[root@manager playbook]# cat vars.yml
user: www
dir: /tmp/varstest
file: /etc/hosts
6.2.1.2 playbook编写
[root@manager playbook]# cat 06.vars-file.yaml
- hosts: frontvars_files: ./vars.ymltasks:- name: 显示内容debug:msg: "vars_file内的内容{{user}} {{dir}} {{file}}"
6.2.1.3 运行测试
[root@manager playbook]# ansible-playbook 06.vars-file.yamlPLAY [front] **********************************************************************************************TASK [Gathering Facts] ************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.100.148]TASK [显示内容] *******************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.100.148] => {"msg": "vars_file内的内容www /tmp/varstest /etc/hosts"
}PLAY RECAP ************************************************************************************************
192.168.100.148 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
6.2.2 根据主机组使用变量
可以playbook不引入vars_file，根据主机清单自动匹配，使用group_vars提前创建好对应关系。
步骤：
- 在playbook文件同级目录下创建目录
group_vars - 创建目录
主机组名/变量文件，如下：
tree -F
├── xxxx.yaml
├── group_vars/
│ │── all/
│ │ └── vars.yml
│ │── lb/
│ │ └── vars2.yml
│ └── data/
│ └── vars3.yml
└── vars.yml
#一般最常用all，把所有变量直接给所有主机组用
6.2.2.1 groups_vars编写
[root@manager playbook]# cat group_vars/all/vars.yml
user: testforgroup_vars
nfs_dir: /nfs_backup
web_mount_dir: /web_nfs
nfs_server: storage
[root@manager playbook]# tree -F
.
├── 07.group_vars.yaml
├── group_vars/└── all/└── vars.yml6.2.2.2 playbook编写
[root@manager playbook]# cat 07.group_vars.yaml
- hosts: fronttasks:- name: 显示内容debug:msg: "vars_file内的内容{{user}} {{nfs_dir}} {{nfs_server}}"6.2.2.3 测试
[root@manager playbook]# ansible-playbook 07.group_vars.yamlPLAY [front] **********************************************************************************************TASK [Gathering Facts] ************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.100.148]TASK [显示内容] *******************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.100.148] => {"msg": "vars_file内的内容testforgroup_vars /nfs_backup storage"
}PLAY RECAP ************************************************************************************************
192.168.100.148 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=06.3 register变量
本质上就是用来实现脚本中的 反引号功能 . ip=hostname -I
用户通过命令获取的内容都存放到Register变量中.
- 用法：
#在模块下使用 register: 变量名 的方式
- name: get dateshell: date +%Fregister: result
#使用register变量
- name: debugdebug:msg: "date的结果：{{result}}"
6.3.1 register使用
#编写playbook
[root@manager playbook]# cat 08.register.yaml
- hosts: fronttasks:- name: get dateshell: date +%Fregister: result #register: 变量名，接受上面的模块的结果- name: debugdebug:msg: "date的命令结果:{{result}}" #使用变量名即可# 测试
[root@manager playbook]# ansible-playbook 08.register.yamlPLAY [front] **********************************************************************************************TASK [Gathering Facts] ************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.100.148]TASK [get date] *******************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.100.148]TASK [debug] **********************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.100.148] => {"msg": "date的命令结果:{'changed': True, 'stdout': '2024-05-29', 'stderr': '', 'rc': 0, 'cmd': 'date +%F', 'start': '2024-05-29 13:53:07.655923', 'end': '2024-05-29 13:53:07.665129', 'delta': '0:00:00.009206', 'msg': '', 'stdout_lines': ['2024-05-29'], 'stderr_lines': [], 'failed': False}"
}PLAY RECAP ************************************************************************************************
192.168.100.148 : ok=3 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=06.3.2 register变量输出的解释-json
{'changed': True, 'stdout': '2024-05-29', 'stderr': '', 'rc': 0, 'cmd': 'date +%F', 'start': '2024-05-29 13:53:07.655923', 'end': '2024-05-29 13:53:07.665129', 'delta': '0:00:00.009206', 'msg': '', 'stdout_lines': ['2024-05-29'], 'stderr_lines': [], 'failed': False}
6.3.3 仅获取需要的输出
#修改playbook
[root@manager playbook]# cat 08.register.yaml
- hosts: fronttasks:- name: get dateshell: date +%Fregister: result- name: debugdebug:msg: "date的命令结果:{{result.stdout}}" #变量名.stdout可以仅输出需要的内容stdout_lines#测试
[root@manager playbook]# ansible-playbook 08.register.yamlPLAY [front] **********************************************************************************************TASK [Gathering Facts] ************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.100.148]TASK [get date] *******************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.100.148]TASK [debug] **********************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.100.148] => {"msg": "date的命令结果:2024-05-29"
}PLAY RECAP ************************************************************************************************
192.168.100.148 : ok=3 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=06.4 facts变量
ansible的内置变量，playbook运行时有一个默认的task。用于收集每个主机的基本信息。
信息包括ip、主机名、磁盘……
facts变量的值可以通过setup模块获取，返回值为json。
6.4.1 setup模块获取的facts变量
[2024-05-30 22:07:40] [root@manager ~]# ansible front -m pingstetup
[2024-05-30 22:07:46] 192.168.100.148 | SUCCESS => {"ansible_facts": {"ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": ["192.168.100.148"],"ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": ["fe80::20c:29ff:fe8c:f581"],"ansible_apparmor": {"status": "disabled"},"ansible_architecture": "x86_64","ansible_bios_date": "07/22/2020","ansible_bios_vendor": "Phoenix Technologies LTD","ansible_bios_version": "6.00","ansible_board_asset_tag": "NA","ansible_board_name": "440BX Desktop Reference Platform","ansible_board_serial": "None","ansible_board_vendor": "Intel Corporation","ansible_board_version": "None","ansible_chassis_asset_tag": "No Asset Tag","ansible_chassis_serial": "None","ansible_chassis_vendor": "No Enclosure","ansible_chassis_version": "N/A","ansible_cmdline": {"BOOT_IMAGE": "(hd0,msdos1)/vmlinuz-4.18.0-448.el8.x86_64","crashkernel": "auto","quiet": true,"rd.lvm.lv": "cs/swap","resume": "/dev/mapper/cs-swap","rhgb": true,"ro": true,"root": "/dev/mapper/cs-root"},"ansible_date_time": {"date": "2024-05-30","day": "30","epoch": "1717078069","epoch_int": "1717078069","hour": "22","iso8601": "2024-05-30T14:07:49Z","iso8601_basic": "20240530T220749250313","iso8601_basic_short": "20240530T220749","iso8601_micro": "2024-05-30T14:07:49.250313Z","minute": "07","month": "05","second": "49","time": "22:07:49","tz": "CST","tz_dst": "CST","tz_offset": "+0800","weekday": "Thursday","weekday_number": "4","weeknumber": "22","year": "2024"},"ansible_default_ipv4": {"address": "192.168.100.148","alias": "ens33","broadcast": "192.168.100.255","gateway": "192.168.100.2","interface": "ens33","macaddress": "00:0c:29:8c:f5:81","mtu": 1500,"netmask": "255.255.255.0","network": "192.168.100.0","prefix": "24","type": "ether"},"ansible_default_ipv6": {},"ansible_device_links": {"ids": {"dm-0": ["dm-name-cs-root","dm-uuid-LVM-XM02qL1zmnDg1RigchdScO0PQwIlGGrmKZUJdkfQCHUDHDmaKXBWS7ddjTvylC6c"],"dm-1": ["dm-name-cs-swap","dm-uuid-LVM-XM02qL1zmnDg1RigchdScO0PQwIlGGrm2MfDkEHILjM7IfU0FWqw6BpsIUAOJUks"],"dm-2": ["dm-name-cs-home","dm-uuid-LVM-XM02qL1zmnDg1RigchdScO0PQwIlGGrm9UrYudORKil6vGwk0NMl4QHREXI9CCft"],"sda2": ["lvm-pv-uuid-1Hyexv-eeJS-2Chi-Ack1-Qddg-90GS-QXw1qW"],"sr0": ["ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_10000000000000000001"]},"labels": {},"masters": {"sda2": ["dm-0","dm-1","dm-2"]},"uuids": {"dm-0": ["a712c91e-8b89-42e0-9ce6-16e88a49bf95"],"dm-1": ["11a5a2e7-9628-417e-b7f7-5df4e0ea9a1b"],"dm-2": ["4c41ab60-f8e9-4167-84c4-c258f4fd3824"],"sda1": ["e2e2cd86-5a1f-4c24-95d6-2ae74ed3f976"]}},"ansible_devices": {"dm-0": {"holders": [],"host": "","links": {"ids": ["dm-name-cs-root","dm-uuid-LVM-XM02qL1zmnDg1RigchdScO0PQwIlGGrmKZUJdkfQCHUDHDmaKXBWS7ddjTvylC6c"],"labels": [],"masters": [],"uuids": ["a712c91e-8b89-42e0-9ce6-16e88a49bf95"]},"model": null,"partitions": {},"removable": "0","rotational": "1","sas_address": null,"sas_device_handle": null,"scheduler_mode": "","sectors": "133955584","sectorsize": "512","size": "63.88 GB","support_discard": "0","vendor": null,"virtual": 1},"dm-1": {"holders": [],"host": "","links": {"ids": ["dm-name-cs-swap","dm-uuid-LVM-XM02qL1zmnDg1RigchdScO0PQwIlGGrm2MfDkEHILjM7IfU0FWqw6BpsIUAOJUks"],"labels": [],"masters": [],"uuids": ["11a5a2e7-9628-417e-b7f7-5df4e0ea9a1b"]},"model": null,"partitions": {},"removable": "0","rotational": "1","sas_address": null,"sas_device_handle": null,"scheduler_mode": "","sectors": "8249344","sectorsize": "512","size": "3.93 GB","support_discard": "0","vendor": null,"virtual": 1},"dm-2": {"holders": [],"host": "","links": {"ids": ["dm-name-cs-home","dm-uuid-LVM-XM02qL1zmnDg1RigchdScO0PQwIlGGrm9UrYudORKil6vGwk0NMl4QHREXI9CCft"],"labels": [],"masters": [],"uuids": ["4c41ab60-f8e9-4167-84c4-c258f4fd3824"]},"model": null,"partitions": {},"removable": "0","rotational": "1","sas_address": null,"sas_device_handle": null,"scheduler_mode": "","sectors": "65404928","sectorsize": "512","size": "31.19 GB","support_discard": "0","vendor": null,"virtual": 1},"sda": {"holders": [],"host": "SCSI storage controller: Broadcom / LSI 53c1030 PCI-X Fusion-MPT Dual Ultra320 SCSI (rev 01)","links": {"ids": [],"labels": [],"masters": [],"uuids": []},"model": "VMware Virtual S","partitions": {"sda1": {"holders": [],"links": {"ids": [],"labels": [],"masters": [],"uuids": ["e2e2cd86-5a1f-4c24-95d6-2ae74ed3f976"]},"sectors": "2097152","sectorsize": 512,"size": "1.00 GB","start": "2048","uuid": "e2e2cd86-5a1f-4c24-95d6-2ae74ed3f976"},"sda2": {"holders": ["cs-swap","cs-home","cs-root"],"links": {"ids": ["lvm-pv-uuid-1Hyexv-eeJS-2Chi-Ack1-Qddg-90GS-QXw1qW"],"labels": [],"masters": ["dm-0","dm-1","dm-2"],"uuids": []},"sectors": "207616000","sectorsize": 512,"size": "99.00 GB","start": "2099200","uuid": null}},"removable": "0","rotational": "1","sas_address": null,"sas_device_handle": null,"scheduler_mode": "mq-deadline","sectors": "209715200","sectorsize": "512","size": "100.00 GB","support_discard": "0","vendor": "VMware,","virtual": 1},"sr0": {"holders": [],"host": "IDE interface: Intel Corporation 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[fixed]","esp_tx_csum_hw_offload": "off [fixed]","fcoe_mtu": "off [fixed]","generic_receive_offload": "on","generic_segmentation_offload": "on","highdma": "off [fixed]","hw_tc_offload": "off [fixed]","l2_fwd_offload": "off [fixed]","large_receive_offload": "off [fixed]","loopback": "off [fixed]","netns_local": "off [fixed]","ntuple_filters": "off [fixed]","receive_hashing": "off [fixed]","rx_all": "off","rx_checksumming": "off","rx_fcs": "off","rx_gro_hw": "off [fixed]","rx_gro_list": "off","rx_udp_gro_forwarding": "off","rx_udp_tunnel_port_offload": "off [fixed]","rx_vlan_filter": "on [fixed]","rx_vlan_offload": "on","rx_vlan_stag_filter": "off [fixed]","rx_vlan_stag_hw_parse": "off [fixed]","scatter_gather": "on","tcp_segmentation_offload": "on","tls_hw_record": "off [fixed]","tls_hw_rx_offload": "off [fixed]","tls_hw_tx_offload": "off [fixed]","tx_checksum_fcoe_crc": "off [fixed]","tx_checksum_ip_generic": "on","tx_checksum_ipv4": "off [fixed]","tx_checksum_ipv6": "off [fixed]","tx_checksum_sctp": "off [fixed]","tx_checksumming": "on","tx_esp_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_fcoe_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_gre_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_gre_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_gso_list": "off [fixed]","tx_gso_partial": "off [fixed]","tx_gso_robust": "off [fixed]","tx_ipxip4_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_ipxip6_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_lockless": "off [fixed]","tx_nocache_copy": "off","tx_scatter_gather": "on","tx_scatter_gather_fraglist": "off [fixed]","tx_sctp_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_tcp6_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_tcp_ecn_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_tcp_mangleid_segmentation": "off","tx_tcp_segmentation": "on","tx_tunnel_remcsum_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_udp_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_udp_tnl_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_udp_tnl_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_vlan_offload": "on [fixed]","tx_vlan_stag_hw_insert": "off [fixed]","vlan_challenged": "off [fixed]"},"hw_timestamp_filters": [],"ipv4": {"address": "192.168.100.148","broadcast": "192.168.100.255","netmask": "255.255.255.0","network": "192.168.100.0","prefix": "24"},"ipv6": [{"address": "fe80::20c:29ff:fe8c:f581","prefix": "64","scope": "link"}],"macaddress": "00:0c:29:8c:f5:81","module": "e1000","mtu": 1500,"pciid": "0000:02:01.0","promisc": false,"speed": 1000,"timestamping": [],"type": "ether"},"ansible_env": {"BASH_FUNC_which%%": "() { ( alias;\n eval ${which_declare} ) | /usr/bin/which --tty-only --read-alias --read-functions --show-tilde --show-dot $@\n}","DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS": "unix:path=/run/user/0/bus","DEBUGINFOD_URLS": "https://debuginfod.centos.org/ ","HOME": "/root","LANG": "en_US.UTF-8","LESSOPEN": "||/usr/bin/lesspipe.sh %s","LOGNAME": "root","LS_COLORS": 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"/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin","PWD": "/root","SELINUX_LEVEL_REQUESTED": "","SELINUX_ROLE_REQUESTED": "","SELINUX_USE_CURRENT_RANGE": "","SHELL": "/bin/bash","SHLVL": "2","SSH_CLIENT": "192.168.100.151 60220 22","SSH_CONNECTION": "192.168.100.151 60220 192.168.100.148 22","SSH_TTY": "/dev/pts/0","TERM": "xterm","USER": "root","XDG_RUNTIME_DIR": "/run/user/0","XDG_SESSION_ID": "1","_": "/usr/libexec/platform-python","which_declare": "declare -f"},"ansible_fibre_channel_wwn": [],"ansible_fips": false,"ansible_form_factor": "Other","ansible_fqdn": "front","ansible_hostname": "front","ansible_hostnqn": "","ansible_interfaces": ["ens33","lo"],"ansible_is_chroot": false,"ansible_iscsi_iqn": "","ansible_kernel": "4.18.0-448.el8.x86_64","ansible_kernel_version": "#1 SMP Wed Jan 18 15:02:46 UTC 2023","ansible_lo": {"active": true,"device": "lo","features": {"esp_hw_offload": "off [fixed]","esp_tx_csum_hw_offload": "off [fixed]","fcoe_mtu": "off [fixed]","generic_receive_offload": "on","generic_segmentation_offload": "on","highdma": "on [fixed]","hw_tc_offload": "off [fixed]","l2_fwd_offload": "off [fixed]","large_receive_offload": "off [fixed]","loopback": "on [fixed]","netns_local": "on [fixed]","ntuple_filters": "off [fixed]","receive_hashing": "off [fixed]","rx_all": "off [fixed]","rx_checksumming": "on [fixed]","rx_fcs": "off [fixed]","rx_gro_hw": "off [fixed]","rx_gro_list": "off","rx_udp_gro_forwarding": "off","rx_udp_tunnel_port_offload": "off [fixed]","rx_vlan_filter": "off [fixed]","rx_vlan_offload": "off [fixed]","rx_vlan_stag_filter": "off [fixed]","rx_vlan_stag_hw_parse": "off [fixed]","scatter_gather": "on","tcp_segmentation_offload": "on","tls_hw_record": "off [fixed]","tls_hw_rx_offload": "off [fixed]","tls_hw_tx_offload": "off [fixed]","tx_checksum_fcoe_crc": "off [fixed]","tx_checksum_ip_generic": "on [fixed]","tx_checksum_ipv4": "off [fixed]","tx_checksum_ipv6": "off [fixed]","tx_checksum_sctp": "on [fixed]","tx_checksumming": "on","tx_esp_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_fcoe_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_gre_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_gre_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_gso_list": "on","tx_gso_partial": "off [fixed]","tx_gso_robust": "off [fixed]","tx_ipxip4_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_ipxip6_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_lockless": "on [fixed]","tx_nocache_copy": "off [fixed]","tx_scatter_gather": "on [fixed]","tx_scatter_gather_fraglist": "on [fixed]","tx_sctp_segmentation": "on","tx_tcp6_segmentation": "on","tx_tcp_ecn_segmentation": "on","tx_tcp_mangleid_segmentation": "on","tx_tcp_segmentation": "on","tx_tunnel_remcsum_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_udp_segmentation": "on","tx_udp_tnl_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_udp_tnl_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_vlan_offload": "off [fixed]","tx_vlan_stag_hw_insert": "off [fixed]","vlan_challenged": "on [fixed]"},"hw_timestamp_filters": [],"ipv4": {"address": "127.0.0.1", "broadcast": "", "netmask": "255.0.0.0", "network": "127.0.0.0", "prefix": "8" }, "ipv6": [ { "address": "::1", "prefix": "128", "scope": "host" } ], "mtu": 65536, "promisc": false,"timestamping": [],"type": "loopback"},"ansible_loadavg": {"15m": 0.1,"1m": 0.2,"5m": 0.22},"ansible_local": {},"ansible_locally_reachable_ips": {"ipv4": ["127.0.0.0/8","127.0.0.1","192.168.100.148"],"ipv6": ["::1","fe80::20c:29ff:fe8c:f581"]},"ansible_lsb": {},"ansible_lvm": {"lvs": {"home": {"size_g": "31.19","vg": "cs"},"root": {"size_g": "63.88","vg": "cs"},"swap": {"size_g": "3.93","vg": "cs"}},"pvs": {"/dev/sda2": {"free_g": "0","size_g": "99.00","vg": "cs"}},"vgs": {"cs": {"free_g": "0","num_lvs": "3","num_pvs": "1","size_g": "99.00"}}},"ansible_machine": "x86_64","ansible_machine_id": "ac3f85584fd24fd9b7d050a72e7917ce","ansible_memfree_mb": 3218,"ansible_memory_mb": {"nocache": {"free": 3386,"used": 254},"real": {"free": 3218,"total": 3640,"used": 422},"swap": {"cached": 0,"free": 4027,"total": 4027,"used": 0}},"ansible_memtotal_mb": 3640,"ansible_mounts": [{"block_available": 16136568,"block_size": 4096,"block_total": 16736272,"block_used": 599704,"device": "/dev/mapper/cs-root","fstype": "xfs","inode_available": 33448136,"inode_total": 33488896,"inode_used": 40760,"mount": "/","options": "rw,seclabel,relatime,attr2,inode64,logbufs=8,logbsize=32k,noquota","size_available": 66095382528,"size_total": 68551770112,"uuid": "a712c91e-8b89-42e0-9ce6-16e88a49bf95"},{"block_available": 203832,"block_size": 4096,"block_total": 259584,"block_used": 55752,"device": "/dev/sda1","fstype": "xfs","inode_available": 523978,"inode_total": 524288,"inode_used": 310,"mount": "/boot","options": "rw,seclabel,relatime,attr2,inode64,logbufs=8,logbsize=32k,noquota","size_available": 834895872,"size_total": 1063256064,"uuid": "e2e2cd86-5a1f-4c24-95d6-2ae74ed3f976"},{"block_available": 8106380,"block_size": 4096,"block_total": 8171624,"block_used": 65244,"device": "/dev/mapper/cs-home","fstype": "xfs","inode_available": 16351224,"inode_total": 16351232,"inode_used": 8,"mount": "/home","options": "rw,seclabel,relatime,attr2,inode64,logbufs=8,logbsize=32k,noquota","size_available": 33203732480,"size_total": 33470971904,"uuid": "4c41ab60-f8e9-4167-84c4-c258f4fd3824"}],"ansible_nodename": "front","ansible_os_family": "RedHat","ansible_pkg_mgr": "dnf","ansible_proc_cmdline": {"BOOT_IMAGE": "(hd0,msdos1)/vmlinuz-4.18.0-448.el8.x86_64","crashkernel": "auto","quiet": true,"rd.lvm.lv": ["cs/root","cs/swap"],"resume": "/dev/mapper/cs-swap","rhgb": true,"ro": true,"root": "/dev/mapper/cs-root"},"ansible_processor": ["0","GenuineIntel","13th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-1340P","1","GenuineIntel","13th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-1340P"],"ansible_processor_cores": 2,"ansible_processor_count": 1,"ansible_processor_nproc": 2,"ansible_processor_threads_per_core": 1,"ansible_processor_vcpus": 2,"ansible_product_name": "VMware Virtual Platform","ansible_product_serial": "VMware-56 4d 8f 62 7b d2 12 a4-ee d7 c9 ef 44 8c f5 81","ansible_product_uuid": "628f4d56-d27b-a412-eed7-c9ef448cf581","ansible_product_version": "None","ansible_python": {"executable": "/usr/libexec/platform-python","has_sslcontext": true,"type": "cpython","version": {"major": 3,"micro": 8,"minor": 6,"releaselevel": "final","serial": 0},"version_info": [3,6,8,"final",0]},"ansible_python_version": "3.6.8","ansible_real_group_id": 0,"ansible_real_user_id": 0,"ansible_selinux": {"config_mode": "enforcing","mode": "enforcing","policyvers": 33,"status": "enabled","type": "targeted"},"ansible_selinux_python_present": true,"ansible_service_mgr": "systemd","ansible_ssh_host_key_ecdsa_public": "AAAAE2VjZHNhLXNoYTItbmlzdHAyNTYAAAAIbmlzdHAyNTYAAABBBFxnKOqZYpwyrGNtXfZE3PszuzzTGi+MHAQLdIdrdqLQD/ssIywmk2zaGkhdBgduODbKHZFIc3StPq2zIFWgQcI=","ansible_ssh_host_key_ecdsa_public_keytype": "ecdsa-sha2-nistp256","ansible_ssh_host_key_ed25519_public": "AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIPrloLDFnE3ApAlo0stYWeqjZwQb5r8wG41F6p4BNONV","ansible_ssh_host_key_ed25519_public_keytype": "ssh-ed25519","ansible_ssh_host_key_rsa_public": "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","ansible_ssh_host_key_rsa_public_keytype": "ssh-rsa","ansible_swapfree_mb": 4027,"ansible_swaptotal_mb": 4027,"ansible_system": "Linux","ansible_system_capabilities": [],"ansible_system_capabilities_enforced": "False","ansible_system_vendor": "VMware, Inc.","ansible_uptime_seconds": 249,"ansible_user_dir": "/root","ansible_user_gecos": "root","ansible_user_gid": 0,"ansible_user_id": "root","ansible_user_shell": "/bin/bash","ansible_user_uid": 0,"ansible_userspace_architecture": "x86_64","ansible_userspace_bits": "64","ansible_virtualization_role": "guest","ansible_virtualization_tech_guest": ["VMware"],"ansible_virtualization_tech_host": ["kvm"],"ansible_virtualization_type": "VMware","discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python","gather_subset": ["all"],"module_setup": true},"changed": false}6.4.2 常用的facts变量
ansible_hostname #主机名
ansible_memtotal_mb #内存大小(总计) 单位mb
ansible_processor_vcpus #cpu数量
ansible_default_ipv4.address #默认的网卡ip eth0
ansible_distribution #系统发行版本名字
CentOS Ubuntu Debian ……
ansible_processor_vcpus
ansible_processor_cores
ansible_date_time.date
6.4.3 facts变量的实际案例
- 通过facts变量获取系统的基本信息
- 通过facts变量获取信息并进行判断
- 如果不需要可以进行关闭,加速剧本的运行(hosts行下一行添加
gather_facts: no)
- hosts: frontgather_facts: notasks:
.....
- 批量修改系统/etc/motd文件（登陆时自动显示的文件）
- 输出主机名
- 内存大小
- ip
- 发行版本
- cpu数量
- 核心数量
#playbook编写
[root@manager playbook]# cat 10.change_moted.yaml
- hosts: fronttasks:- name: template分发motdtemplate:src: templates/motd.j2dest: /etc/motdbackup: yes# - name: cp分发motd# copy:# src: templates/motd.j2# dest: /etc/motd# backup: yes# motd.j2模板编写
[root@manager templates]# cat motd.j2
welcome to Linux-{{ ansible_hostname }}
--------------------------------------------
主机名: {{ ansible_hostname }}
ip地址: {{ ansible_default_ipv4.address }}
内存大小: {{ ansible_memtotal_mb }}
CPU数量: {{ ansible_processor_vcpus }}
核心总数: {{ ansible_processor_cores }}
发行版本: {{ ansible_distribution }}#运行
[root@manager playbook]# ansible-playbook 10.change_moted.yamlPLAY [front] **********************************************************************************************TASK [Gathering Facts] ************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.100.148]TASK [template分发motd] ***********************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.100.148]PLAY RECAP ************************************************************************************************
192.168.100.148 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0# 测试
[root@manager playbook]# ssh root@front
welcome to Linux-front
--------------------------------------------
主机名: front
ip地址: 192.168.100.148
内存大小: 3640
CPU数量: 2
核心总数: 2
发行版本: CentOStemplate和copy模块的区别：
copy仅仅传输数据,复制文件;
template 传输数据,复制文件的时候,文件中的变量会被解析和运行.
