搭建后台框架全局异常管理是一个很重要的部分，好在SpringBoot提供了很好的处理方法
使用@ControllerAdvice
@ControllerAdvice是Spring MVC中的一个全局异常处理注解，它允许在一个地方集中处理所有控制器抛出的异常。通过使用@ControllerAdvice，可以避免在每个控制器中重复编写异常处理逻辑，从而使代码更加简洁和易于维护。
基本用法
要使用@ControllerAdvice，创建一个类，并在该类上添加@ControllerAdvice注解。然后，在该类中定义多个@ExceptionHandler方法，每个方法处理一种特定的异常类型。
示例代码
package org.example.web.web;import org.example.web.model.R;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {/*** 处理全局异常* @param e* @return*/@ExceptionHandler(value = Exception.class)@ResponseBodypublic Object exceptionHandler(Exception e){// 运行时异常if(e instanceof RuntimeException){RuntimeException ex = (RuntimeException) e;return R.error(500, ex.getMessage());}return R.error(999, e.getMessage());}
}
继承BasicErrorController
BasicErrorController是Spring Boot中用于处理错误页面的默认控制器。当应用程序发生错误时，Spring Boot会自动调用BasicErrorController来处理错误，并返回相应的错误页面。
基本用法
BasicErrorController处理两个主要点：
/error：处理所有类型的错误。
/error/{code}：处理特定HTTP状态码的错误。
默认情况下，BasicErrorController会返回一个简单的HTML错误页面，显示错误的状态码和消息。你可以通过自定义BasicErrorController来改变这种行为。
示例代码
package org.example.web.web;import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.example.web.model.R;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ServerProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.BasicErrorController;
import org.springframework.boot.web.error.ErrorAttributeOptions;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.error.DefaultErrorAttributes;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.StringJoiner;@Slf4j
@Controller
@RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
public class CustomErrorController extends BasicErrorController {@Value("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")private String path;public CustomErrorController(ServerProperties serverProperties) {super(new DefaultErrorAttributes(), serverProperties.getError());}/*** 覆盖默认的JSON响应*/@Overridepublic ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>(16);Map<String, Object> originalMsgMap = getErrorAttributes(request, ErrorAttributeOptions.defaults());String path = (String) originalMsgMap.get("path");String error = (String) originalMsgMap.get("error");String message = (String) originalMsgMap.get("message");StringJoiner joiner = new StringJoiner(",", "[", "]");joiner.add(path).add(error).add(message);map.put("code", status.value());map.put("message", joiner.toString());return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(map, status);}/*** 覆盖默认的HTML响应*/@Overridepublic ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {// 请求的状态HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);response.setStatus(getStatus(request).value());Map<String, Object> model = getErrorAttributes(request, ErrorAttributeOptions.defaults());ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);// 指定自定义的视图log.error("{} - {} - {}", request.getRequestURI(), status.value(), JSON.toJSONString(model));if (status.value() == 404) {return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("err/404", model) : modelAndView);} else if (status.value() == 500) {return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("err/500", model) : modelAndView);} else {return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("err/other", model) : modelAndView);}}
}
静态错误页面
/src/main/resources/templates/err/404.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org" lang="zh">
<head><title th:text="${'ERROR - ' + status}"></title><meta charset="UTF-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width:device-width,initial-scale=1" /><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /><link th:href="@{/css/style.css}" rel="stylesheet" />
</head>
<body>ERROR-<span th:text="${status}"></span>-<span th:text="${error}"></span>
</body>
</html>
/src/main/resources/templates/err/500.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org" lang="zh">
<head><title th:text="${'ERROR - ' + status}"></title><meta charset="UTF-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width:device-width,initial-scale=1" /><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /><link th:href="@{/css/style.css}" rel="stylesheet" />
</head>
<body>ERROR-<span th:text="${status}"></span>-<span th:text="${error}"></span>
</body>
</html>
ResultResponseAdvice
package org.example.web.web;import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.example.web.model.R;
import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpRequest;
import org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ResponseBodyAdvice;import java.util.Map;/*** 对controller 层中 ResponseBody 注解方法，进行增强拦截*/
@ControllerAdvice
public class ResultResponseAdvice implements ResponseBodyAdvice<Object> {@Overridepublic boolean supports(MethodParameter returnType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) {// 返回true表示对所有Controller的返回值进行处理return true;}/*** 如果开启，就会对返回结果进行处理*/@Overridepublic Object beforeBodyWrite(Object body, MethodParameter returnType, MediaType selectedContentType,Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> selectedConverterType,ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse response) {// 设置响应类型为jsonresponse.getHeaders().setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8);if (body instanceof R) {// 如果body返回的是ResultMsg类型的对象，不进行增强处理response.setStatusCode(HttpStatus.valueOf(((R<?>) body).getCode()));return body;}if (body instanceof String) {// 如果body返回的是String类型的对象，单独处理return toJson(body);}if (body instanceof Map) {Map<String, Object> map = (Map<String, Object>) body;if (map.containsKey("code") && map.containsKey("message")) {int code = Integer.parseInt(map.get("code").toString());response.setStatusCode(HttpStatus.valueOf(code));if (code == 200) {return R.ok(map.get("message").toString());} else {return R.error((int)map.get("code"), map.get("message").toString());}} else {return R.ok(map);}}return R.ok(body);}private Object toJson(Object body) {try {return new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(R.ok(body));} catch (JsonProcessingException e) {throw new RuntimeException("无法转发json格式", e);}}
}
最后效果
访问一个不存在的页面时：
访问一个不存在的接口时：
访问一个抛错误的接口时：
@RequestMapping("/test")@ResponseBodypublic User test() {throw new RuntimeException("User not found");}
源代码
访问后台框架-统一异常处理源码
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