1、Attention中q，经下式，生成新的q。m为句长length，d为embedding_dim/head
$${\theta }_i=\frac{1}{10000^{\frac{2i}{d}}}$$

2、LLaMA中RoPE源码

import torchdef precompute_freqs_cis(dim: int, end: int, constant: float = 10000.0):'''计算cos和sin的值，cos值在实部，sin值在虚部，类似于 cosx+j*sinx:param dim: q,k,v的最后一维，一般为emb_dim/head_num:param end: 句长length:param constant： 这里指10000:return:复数计算 torch.polar(a, t)输出， a*(cos(t)+j*sin(t))'''# freqs: 计算 1/(10000^(2i/d) )，将结果作为参数theta# 形式化为 [theta_0, theta_1, ..., theta_(d/2-1)]freqs = 1.0 / (constant ** (torch.arange(0, dim, 2)[: (dim // 2)].float() / dim)) # [d/2]# 计算mt = torch.arange(end, device=freqs.device)  # [length]# 计算m*thetafreqs = torch.outer(t, freqs).float()  # [length, d/2]# freqs形式化为 [m*theta_0, m*theta_1, ..., m*theta_(d/2-1)],其中 m=0,1,...,length-1# 计算cos(m*theta)+j*sin(m*theta)freqs_cis = torch.polar(torch.ones_like(freqs), freqs)  # complex64# freqs_cis: [cos(m*theta_0)+j*sin(m*theta_0),  cos(m*theta_1)+j*sin(m*theta_1),), ..., cos(m*theta_(d/2-1))+j*sin(m*theta_(d/2-1))]# 其中j为虚数单位， m=0,1,...,length-1return freqs_cis # [length, d/2]def reshape_for_broadcast(freqs_cis: torch.Tensor, x: torch.Tensor):ndim = x.ndimassert 0 <= 1 < ndimassert freqs_cis.shape == (x.shape[1], x.shape[-1])shape = [d if i == 1 or i == ndim - 1 else 1 for i, d in enumerate(x.shape)] # (1, length, 1, d/2)return freqs_cis.view(*shape) # [1, length, 1, d/2]def apply_rotary_emb(xq: torch.Tensor, xk: torch.Tensor, freqs_cis: torch.Tensor,):# 先将xq维度变为[bs, length, head,  d/2, 2], 利用torch.view_as_complex转变为复数# xq:[q0, q1, .., q(d-1)] 转变为 xq_: [q0+j*q1, q2+j*q3, ..., q(d-2)+j*q(d-1)]xq_ = torch.view_as_complex(xq.float().reshape(*xq.shape[:-1], -1, 2)) # [bs, length, head, d/2]# 同样的，xk_:[k0+j*k1, k2+j*k3, ..., k(d-2)+j*k(d-1)]xk_ = torch.view_as_complex(xk.float().reshape(*xk.shape[:-1], -1, 2))freqs_cis = reshape_for_broadcast(freqs_cis, xq_) # [1, length, 1, d/2]# 下式xq_ * freqs_cis形式化输出，以第一个为例, 如下# (q0+j*q1)(cos(m*theta_0)+j*sin(m*theta_0)) = q0*cos(m*theta_0)-q1*sin(m*theta_0) + j*(q1*cos(m*theta_0)+q0*sin(m*theta_0))# 上式的实部为q0*cos(m*theta_0)-q1*sin(m*theta_0)，虚部为q1*cos(m*theta_0)+q0*sin(m*theta_0)# 然后通过torch.view_as_real函数，取出实部和虚部，维度由[bs, length, head, d/2]变为[bs, length, head, d/2, 2]，最后一维放实部与虚部# 最后经flatten函数将维度拉平，即[bs, length, head, d]# 此时xq_out形式化为 [实部0，虚部0，实部1，虚部1，..., 实部(d/2-1), 虚部(d/2-1)]xq_out = torch.view_as_real(xq_ * freqs_cis).flatten(3) # [bs, length, head, d]# 即为新生成的qxk_out = torch.view_as_real(xk_ * freqs_cis).flatten(3)return xq_out.type_as(xq), xk_out.type_as(xk)if __name__=='__main__':# (bs, length, head, d)q = torch.randn((2, 10, 12, 32))  # q=[q0, q1, .., qd-1]k = torch.randn((2, 10, 12, 32))v = torch.randn((2, 10, 12, 32))freqs_cis= precompute_freqs_cis(dim=32, end=10, constant= 10000.0)# print(freqs_cis.detach().numpy())q_new, k_new = apply_rotary_emb(xq=q, xk=k, freqs_cis=freqs_cis)print()

3、表示
看1中的公式表示，q0和q1相互作用，得到新的q0和q1，也即
$$q_0^{new}=q_0\ast cos(m{\theta }_0)-q_1\ast sin(m{\theta }_0)$$
$$q_1^{new}=q_1\ast cos(m{\theta }_0)+q_0\ast sin(m{\theta }_0)$$
这里将$(q_0,q_1)$、$(q_0^{new},q_1^{new})$看做向量，很明显上式是向量旋转，旋转角度为逆时针$m{\theta }_0$

可与PalM中ROPE实现方式做对比
PaLM中ROPE位置编码实现源码解析