DirectX3D 虚拟现实项目三维物体的光照及着色（五个不同着色效果的旋转茶壶）

文章目录

- 任务要求
- 原始代码
- - CPP文件代码
  - 着色器文件代码
- 效果展示

任务要求

本篇文章是中国农业大学虚拟现实课程的一次作业内容，需要对五个茶壶模型使用不同的光照进行着色和渲染，然后旋转展示。

本人的代码也是在其他人的代码的基础上修改来的，主要用于服务下一届，没有商业用途，侵删。

原始代码

代码包括CPP文件代码和FX（着色器文件）代码两部分

CPP文件代码

//导入用于创建基于DirectX3D的桌面应用程序的相关库
#include <windows.h>
#include <d3d11.h>
#include <d3dx11.h>
#include <d3dcompiler.h>
#include <xnamath.h>
#include "resource.h"
//导入其他的库文件
#include <cimport.h>
#include <scene.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <postprocess.h>
#include <vector>//定义一个“简单顶点”结构体，包含位置和法线两个向量
struct SimpleVertex
{XMFLOAT3 Pos;     //用于记录顶点位置的三维向量XMFLOAT3 Normal;  //用于记录顶点法线的三维向量（用于计算光照和渲染）
};//定义一个常量缓冲器结构体，用于传递常量数据给着色器
struct ConstantBuffer
{XMMATRIX mWorld;          //定义世界矩阵XMMATRIX mView;           //定义视图矩阵XMMATRIX mProjection;     //定义投影矩阵XMFLOAT4 vLightDir;       //定义光源方向XMFLOAT4 vLightColor;     //定义光源颜色XMFLOAT4 vOutputColor;    //定义环境光的颜色XMFLOAT4 objectColor;     //定义光谱反射率（物体自身的颜色）XMFLOAT4 hightLightColor; //定义光谱反射率（高光颜色）XMFLOAT4 eye;             //定义观察位置
};//全局变量定义部分（初始化部分就是分别对这里的每一个变量进行初始化）
HINSTANCE               g_hInst = NULL;                           //程序实例句柄
HWND                    g_hWnd = NULL;                            //创建的窗口
D3D_DRIVER_TYPE         g_driverType = D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_NULL;      //驱动器类型
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL       g_featureLevel = D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0;  //DirectX3D的特性级别
ID3D11Device*           g_pd3dDevice = NULL;                      //DirectX3D设备类型
ID3D11DeviceContext*    g_pImmediateContext = NULL;               //设备的上下文
IDXGISwapChain*         g_pSwapChain = NULL;                      //交换链
ID3D11RenderTargetView* g_pRenderTargetView = NULL;               //渲染目标视图ID3D11Texture2D* g_pDepthStencil = NULL;                          //深度模板纹理
ID3D11DepthStencilView* g_pDepthStencilView = NULL;               //深度模板视图ID3D11VertexShader* g_pVertexShader = NULL;                       //顶点着色器
ID3D11PixelShader* g_pPixelShader = NULL;                         //像素着色器
ID3D11PixelShader* g_pPixelShaderSolid = NULL;                    //另一个像素着色器
ID3D11PixelShader** g_pPixelSh = new ID3D11PixelShader * [5];     //本次作业中指向五种像素着色器指针的指针ID3D11InputLayout* g_pVertexLayout = NULL;                       //顶点布局方式
ID3D11Buffer* g_pVertexBuffer = NULL;                            //顶点缓冲区
ID3D11Buffer* g_pIndexBuffer = NULL;                             //索引缓冲区
ID3D11Buffer* g_pConstantBuffer = NULL;                          //常量缓冲区XMMATRIX                g_World;                                 //世界矩阵
XMMATRIX                g_View;                                  //视角矩阵
XMMATRIX                g_Projection;                            //投影矩阵ID3D11ShaderResourceView* g_pTextureRV = NULL;
ID3D11SamplerState* g_pSamplerLinear = NULL;//自定义的全局变量
unsigned int numVerticeTotal = 0;  //记录导入的模型的顶点总数
unsigned int faceNum = 0;          //记录导入的模型的面的总数//函数的前向引用声明
HRESULT InitWindow(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow);    //用于初始化窗口的函数
HRESULT InitDevice(void);                                 //用于初始化设备的函数
void CleanupDevice(void);                                 //用于清空设备资源的函数
LRESULT CALLBACK    WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);  //窗口消息处理函数
void Render(void);                                        //用于进行渲染的函数//Windows图形应用程序的入口点，相当于命令行程序的main函数
int WINAPI wWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPWSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{//告诉编译器在编译过程中忽视函数中传入的两个参数，不要产生警告（这两个参数通常都不被使用）UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(hPrevInstance);UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(lpCmdLine);//尝试初始化一个窗口（传入的参数是程序实例句柄和窗口的显示状态，如果初始化失败则函数退出if (FAILED(InitWindow(hInstance, nCmdShow)))return 0;//尝试初始化应用程序的DirectX3D图形设备，如果初始化失败则清理设备资源并函数退出if (FAILED(InitDevice())){//清理和释放图形设备的资源CleanupDevice();  return 0;}//主消息循环部分MSG msg = { 0 };//只有收到退出消息之后程序才会退出while (WM_QUIT != msg.message){//检查消息队列中是否有消息存在，如果有消息则处理这些消息if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE)){TranslateMessage(&msg);DispatchMessage(&msg);}//如果没有消息，则进行场景渲染else{Render();}}//清理和释放图形设备的资源CleanupDevice();//返回应用程序的退出状态码return (int)msg.wParam;
}//用于初始化一个窗口的函数
HRESULT InitWindow(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow)
{//注册一个对各项属性进行了设置的窗口类WNDCLASSEX wcex;wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);                                 //【通常的设置】wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;                             //窗口类的样式设置（窗口尺寸发生改变时进行重新绘制）wcex.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;                                       //设置处理窗口类消息的函数（WndProc）wcex.cbClsExtra = 0;                                              //【通常的设置】wcex.cbWndExtra = 0;                                              //【通常的设置】wcex.hInstance = hInstance;                                       //设置窗口类的应用程序句柄wcex.hIcon = LoadIcon(hInstance, (LPCTSTR)IDC_TUTORIAL1);         //设置窗口类的图标wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);                       //【通常的设置】wcex.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 1);                  //【通常的设置】wcex.lpszMenuName = NULL;                                         //设置窗口的wcex.lpszClassName = L"TutorialWindowClass";                      //设置窗口类的名称wcex.hIconSm = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, (LPCTSTR)IDC_TUTORIAL1);  //设置窗口类的图标//根据上述的设置注册一个窗口类，如果失败则返回错误信息if (!RegisterClassEx(&wcex))return E_FAIL;//根据注册的窗口类创建一个窗口g_hInst = hInstance;//设置窗口的初始位置和大小RECT rc = { 0, 0, 1500, 1000 };//根据给定的窗口位置和大小调整窗口（另外两个参数是窗口的样式和是否有菜单栏）AdjustWindowRect(&rc, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, FALSE);//创建一个窗口（可以设置窗口的标题）g_hWnd = CreateWindow(L"TutorialWindowClass", L"Lighting and coloring of three-dimensional objects  计算机201 旷欣然", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, rc.right - rc.left, rc.bottom - rc.top, NULL, NULL, hInstance,NULL);//如果创建窗体失败，则返回失败信息if (!g_hWnd)return E_FAIL;//根据指定的显示方式显示窗口ShowWindow(g_hWnd, nCmdShow);return S_OK;
}//编译着色器代码的辅助函数
HRESULT CompileShaderFromFile(WCHAR* szFileName, LPCSTR szEntryPoint, LPCSTR szShaderModel, ID3DBlob** ppBlobOut)
{HRESULT hr = S_OK;DWORD dwShaderFlags = D3DCOMPILE_ENABLE_STRICTNESS;
#if defined( DEBUG ) || defined( _DEBUG )// Set the D3DCOMPILE_DEBUG flag to embed debug information in the shaders.// Setting this flag improves the shader debugging experience, but still allows // the shaders to be optimized and to run exactly the way they will run in // the release configuration of this program.dwShaderFlags |= D3DCOMPILE_DEBUG;
#endifID3DBlob* pErrorBlob;hr = D3DX11CompileFromFile(szFileName, NULL, NULL, szEntryPoint, szShaderModel,dwShaderFlags, 0, NULL, ppBlobOut, &pErrorBlob, NULL);if (FAILED(hr)){if (pErrorBlob != NULL)OutputDebugStringA((char*)pErrorBlob->GetBufferPointer());if (pErrorBlob) pErrorBlob->Release();return hr;}if (pErrorBlob) pErrorBlob->Release();return S_OK;
}//自定义的用于导入指定的模型文件的函数
const struct aiScene* load_obj(char* path)
{//借助Assimp库中的函数以高质量导入指定路径的模型文件const aiScene* scene = aiImportFile(path, aiProcessPreset_TargetRealtime_MaxQuality);//遍历模型的每一个网格，累加每个网格的顶点总数和面数并通过全局变量存储for (unsigned int i = 0; i < scene->mNumMeshes; i++){numVerticeTotal += scene->mMeshes[i]->mNumVertices;faceNum += scene->mMeshes[i]->mNumFaces;}//将导入模型文件的结果返回return scene;
}//用于初始化DirectX3D设备并创建交换链的函数
HRESULT InitDevice(void)
{//借助于Assimp模块和自定义的函数导入茶壶文件const struct aiScene* teapot = NULL;teapot = load_obj("teapot2.obj");HRESULT hr = S_OK;//获取客户窗口区的尺寸并记录宽度和高度RECT rc;GetClientRect(g_hWnd, &rc);UINT width = rc.right - rc.left;UINT height = rc.bottom - rc.top;//条件预编译指令：程序在调试模式下则在创建设备时创建调试功能，从而从调试器中获取调用和调试信息UINT createDeviceFlags = 0;
#ifdef _DEBUGcreateDeviceFlags |= D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_DEBUG;
#endif//通过数组存储不同的DirectX3D设备的类型并记录数组大小D3D_DRIVER_TYPE driverTypes[] ={D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE,   //显卡的硬件驱动器（通常具有最好的性能）D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_WARP,       //软件驱动器（性能较低）D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_REFERENCE,  //参考驱动器（用于调试和开发的过程）};UINT numDriverTypes = ARRAYSIZE(driverTypes);//通过数组存储DirectX3D不同的特性级别并记录数组的大小D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL featureLevels[] ={D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0,     //DirectX3D 11.0特性级别，通常具有最好的性能D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_1,     //DirectX3D 10.1特性级别，一些功能受到限制D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_0,     //DirectX3D 10.0特性级别，更低的硬件要求和功能};UINT numFeatureLevels = ARRAYSIZE(featureLevels);//设置一个交换链的属性和配置DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC sd;ZeroMemory(&sd, sizeof(sd));                       //初始清空操作，确保变量都被正确初始化sd.BufferCount = 1;                                //设置不使用双缓冲区（一般都会使用前缓冲区和后缓冲区）sd.BufferDesc.Width = width;                       //设置交换链的宽度sd.BufferDesc.Height = height;                     //设置交换链的高度sd.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM; //设置交换链缓冲区的格式sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60;          //设置刷新率的分母sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;         //设置刷新率的分子（与上面的分母组合，就是屏幕的刷新率为60Hz）sd.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;  //设置缓冲区的用途是渲染目标sd.OutputWindow = g_hWnd;                          //设置呈现的窗口句柄（为全局窗口句柄）sd.SampleDesc.Count = 1;                           //设置不使用多重采样sd.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;                         //【不使用多重采样的正常设置】sd.Windowed = TRUE;                                //设置交换链在窗口模式下运行//通过循环尝试不同的驱动器类型，从而确定能够成功创建设备和交换链for (UINT driverTypeIndex = 0; driverTypeIndex < numDriverTypes; driverTypeIndex++){//使用全局变量记录当前迭代的驱动器类型g_driverType = driverTypes[driverTypeIndex];//根据指定的驱动器类型和DirectX3D的版本尝试创建驱动器hr = D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(NULL, g_driverType, NULL, createDeviceFlags, featureLevels, numFeatureLevels,D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &sd, &g_pSwapChain, &g_pd3dDevice, &g_featureLevel, &g_pImmediateContext);//如果创建成功则提前退出循环if (SUCCEEDED(hr))break;}//如果创建失败则返回错误信息if (FAILED(hr))return hr;//创建渲染目标视图（需要后缓冲区中的纹理数据）ID3D11Texture2D* pBackBuffer = NULL;//尝试获取后缓冲区的纹理数据，获取失败则返回提示信息hr = g_pSwapChain->GetBuffer(0, __uuidof(ID3D11Texture2D), (LPVOID*)&pBackBuffer);if (FAILED(hr))return hr;//尝试创建一个目标视图并将其与后缓冲区的纹理相关联hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreateRenderTargetView(pBackBuffer, NULL, &g_pRenderTargetView);//创建完成后则释放后缓冲区的数据防止内存泄露pBackBuffer->Release();if (FAILED(hr))return hr;//创建深度模板纹理并对其相关属性进行设置D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC descDepth;ZeroMemory(&descDepth, sizeof(descDepth));        //清空改变量的缓冲区内容防止出错descDepth.Width = width;                          //设置宽度descDepth.Height = height;                        //设置高度descDepth.MipLevels = 1;                          //表示不使用纹理数组descDepth.ArraySize = 1;                          //表示不使用纹理数组descDepth.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT; //设置纹理格式descDepth.SampleDesc.Count = 1;                   //不使用多重采样descDepth.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;                 //不使用多重采样的默认设置descDepth.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;            //设置纹理用途（被GPU读写）descDepth.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_DEPTH_STENCIL;   //设置绑定标志descDepth.CPUAccessFlags = 0;                     //设置CPU不允许访问纹理descDepth.MiscFlags = 0;                          //不设置其他标志//尝试创建一个深度模板纹理hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreateTexture2D(&descDepth, NULL, &g_pDepthStencil);if (FAILED(hr))return hr;//创建深度模板视图并将其与渲染目标相关联D3D11_DEPTH_STENCIL_VIEW_DESC descDSV;ZeroMemory(&descDSV, sizeof(descDSV));  //将结构体的内容初始化为0确保每一个字段都被正常初始化descDSV.Format = descDepth.Format;      //将深度模板视图的格式设置为与深度模板纹理相同的格式descDSV.ViewDimension = D3D11_DSV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D;  //设置视图维度（2D视图）descDSV.Texture2D.MipSlice = 0;                         //【通常设置】//创建深度模板视图并将其与渲染目标相关联hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreateDepthStencilView(g_pDepthStencil, &descDSV, &g_pDepthStencilView);//如果创建失败则返回错误信息if (FAILED(hr))return hr;//将渲染目标视图和深度模板视图设置为当前的渲染目标（意味着渲染操作将绘制到这些视图中）g_pImmediateContext->OMSetRenderTargets(1, &g_pRenderTargetView, g_pDepthStencilView);//设置视口（用于确定渲染目标的可见区域的矩形）D3D11_VIEWPORT vp;vp.Width = (FLOAT)width;   //设置视口的宽度（与客户区的宽度匹配）vp.Height = (FLOAT)height; //设置高度（与客户区的高度匹配）vp.MinDepth = 0.0f;        //设置深度范围为0.0f-1.0fvp.MaxDepth = 1.0f;vp.TopLeftX = 0;           //【通常设置】vp.TopLeftY = 0;           //【通常设置】//将配置好的视口设置为当前渲染上下文的视口g_pImmediateContext->RSSetViewports(1, &vp);//编译顶点着色器ID3DBlob* pVSBlob = NULL;   //接收编译完成的着色器代码//对顶点着色器进行编译（传入的参数分别是着色器文件路径、入口点名称、着色器模型版本、保存的指针）hr = CompileShaderFromFile(L"Test4.fx", "VS", "vs_4_0", &pVSBlob);//如果编译过程出错，则通过消息框输出提示信息if (FAILED(hr)){MessageBox(NULL,L"啊哦，您所提供的FX文件路径好像不正确呢！请给出正确的文件路径", L"Error", MB_OK);return hr;}//根据顶点着色器代码的编译结果创建一个顶点着色器对象hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreateVertexShader(pVSBlob->GetBufferPointer(), pVSBlob->GetBufferSize(), NULL, &g_pVertexShader);//如果创建失败则会将之前的顶点着色器编译结果释放并返回if (FAILED(hr)){pVSBlob->Release();return hr;}//定义输入布局（描述顶点数据的组织方式：由位置、法线和纹理三部分组成）D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC layout[] ={{ "POSITION", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, 0, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },{ "NORMAL", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, 12, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },{ "TEXCOORD", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, 12, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },};//获取输入布局数组的元素数量UINT numElements = ARRAYSIZE(layout);//根据上面的定义的输入布局创建输入布局hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreateInputLayout(layout, numElements, pVSBlob->GetBufferPointer(),pVSBlob->GetBufferSize(), &g_pVertexLayout);//释放已经不需要使用的顶点着色器编译结果pVSBlob->Release();//如果创建失败则返回失败代码if (FAILED(hr))return hr;//根据创建的输入布局进行设置（确保顶点数据按照正确的格式传递给顶点着色器）g_pImmediateContext->IASetInputLayout(g_pVertexLayout);//编译像素着色器文件ID3DBlob* pPSBlob = NULL;hr = CompileShaderFromFile(L"Test4.fx", "PS", "ps_4_0", &pPSBlob);//编译失败则通过错误框给出提示if (FAILED(hr)){MessageBox(NULL,L"啊哦，您所提供的FX文件路径好像不正确呢！请给出正确的文件路径", L"Error", MB_OK);return hr;}//根据像素着色器的编译结果创建像素着色器hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreatePixelShader(pPSBlob->GetBufferPointer(), pPSBlob->GetBufferSize(), NULL, &g_pPixelShader);//将已经不需要使用的像素着色器编译结果释放pPSBlob->Release();//如果出错则给出错误代码if (FAILED(hr))return hr;//编译另一个像素着色器（在同一个文件中）用于进行五种光照的展示pPSBlob = NULL;hr = CompileShaderFromFile(L"Test4.fx", "PSSolid", "ps_4_0", &pPSBlob);if (FAILED(hr)){MessageBox(NULL,L"啊哦，您所提供的FX文件路径好像不正确呢！请给出正确的文件路径.", L"Error", MB_OK);return hr;}//根据编译结果创建另一个像素着色器hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreatePixelShader(pPSBlob->GetBufferPointer(), pPSBlob->GetBufferSize(), NULL, &g_pPixelShaderSolid);//释放已经不需要使用了的编译结果pPSBlob->Release();if (FAILED(hr))return hr;//使用STL向量存储五种类型的光照std::vector<LPCSTR> shaders{ "PSAmbient","PSLambertian","PSBlinn","PSToon","PSTexture" };//分别对五种不同的光照类型做初始化for (size_t i = 0; i < 5; i++){//对着色器文件种当前编号的对应的光照进行编译pPSBlob = NULL;hr = CompileShaderFromFile(L"Test4.fx", shaders[i], "ps_4_0", &pPSBlob);//如果编译失败则给出错误提示信息if (FAILED(hr)){MessageBox(NULL,L"啊哦，您所提供的FX文件路径好像不正确呢！请给出正确的文件路径C.", L"Error", MB_OK);return hr;}//根据编译好的结果创建对应的像素着色器hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreatePixelShader(pPSBlob->GetBufferPointer(), pPSBlob->GetBufferSize(), NULL, &g_pPixelSh[i]);//释放像素着色器的编译结果防止内存泄露pPSBlob->Release();if (FAILED(hr))return hr;}//创建一个长度为茶壶的顶点总数的数组SimpleVertex* vertices = new SimpleVertex[numVerticeTotal];int index = 0;//遍历茶壶文件的所有网格并将茶壶的大小进行缩放（不然图中无法展示五个茶壶）for (unsigned int i = 0; i < teapot->mNumMeshes; i++){auto pMesh = teapot->mMeshes[i];for (unsigned int j = 0; j < pMesh->mNumVertices; j++) {//修改网格的大小（进行缩放）float x = pMesh->mVertices[j].x * 0.4;float y = pMesh->mVertices[j].y * 0.4;float z = pMesh->mVertices[j].z * 0.4;//调整法线的方向（用于调整光照效果）float a = pMesh->mNormals[j].x * 0.3;float b = pMesh->mNormals[j].y * 0.3;float c = pMesh->mNormals[j].z * 0.3;//存储缩放后的顶点位置和法线vertices[index++] = { XMFLOAT3(x,y,z), XMFLOAT3(a,b,c) };}}//创建顶点缓冲区用于存储顶点数据D3D11_BUFFER_DESC bd;ZeroMemory(&bd, sizeof(bd));    //清空内存用于初始化bd.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT; //设置缓冲区的用途（GPU读写）bd.ByteWidth = sizeof(SimpleVertex) * numVerticeTotal;  //设置缓冲区的字节宽度bd.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER;                //设置缓冲区的绑定标志bd.CPUAccessFlags = 0;                                  //设置CPU不可访问缓冲区//创建初始化顶点缓冲区所用的数据D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA InitData;ZeroMemory(&InitData, sizeof(InitData));  //清空内存用于初始化InitData.pSysMem = vertices;              //使用vertices数组中的内容初始化缓冲区//指定顶点缓冲区指针、初始化的数据和设备来创建顶点缓冲区hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreateBuffer(&bd, &InitData, &g_pVertexBuffer);if (FAILED(hr))return hr;//设置顶点缓冲区UINT stride = sizeof(SimpleVertex);UINT offset = 0;//根据指定的设置设置顶点缓冲区g_pImmediateContext->IASetVertexBuffers(0, 1, &g_pVertexBuffer, &stride, &offset);//创建索引缓冲区//由于每个三角形有三个点，因此索引数量是三角形的数量的三倍WORD* indices = new WORD[faceNum * 3];unsigned int pos = 0;unsigned int meshPos = 0;for (int i = 0; i < teapot->mNumMeshes; i++){for (int j = 0; j < teapot->mMeshes[i]->mNumFaces; j++){struct aiFace face = teapot->mMeshes[i]->mFaces[j];for (int k = 0; k < face.mNumIndices; k++){int index = face.mIndices[k];indices[pos++] = index + meshPos;}}meshPos += teapot->mMeshes[i]->mNumVertices;}//对索引缓冲区进行设置bd.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;            //设置用途为在GPU上进行读写bd.ByteWidth = sizeof(WORD) * faceNum * 3; //设置缓冲区的字节宽度bd.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_INDEX_BUFFER;    //设置缓冲区标志bd.CPUAccessFlags = 0;                     //设置CPU不可访问InitData.pSysMem = indices;                //使用上面的indices数组初始化缓冲区//根据上述的索引缓冲区设置创建一个索引缓冲区hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreateBuffer(&bd, &InitData, &g_pIndexBuffer);if (FAILED(hr))return hr;//将创建好的索引缓冲区绑定到输入装配阶段g_pImmediateContext->IASetIndexBuffer(g_pIndexBuffer, DXGI_FORMAT_R16_UINT, 0);//设置图元拓扑类型为三角形列表g_pImmediateContext->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST);//创建常量缓冲区（相关的设置和前面的缓冲区设置相同）bd.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;bd.ByteWidth = sizeof(ConstantBuffer);bd.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_CONSTANT_BUFFER;bd.CPUAccessFlags = 0;hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreateBuffer(&bd, NULL, &g_pConstantBuffer);if (FAILED(hr))return hr;//创建着色器资源视图，将教学平台提供的tile_wood图像加载到设备中以便在渲染中使用hr = D3DX11CreateShaderResourceViewFromFile(g_pd3dDevice, L"tile_wood.jpg", NULL, NULL, &g_pTextureRV, NULL);if (FAILED(hr))return hr;//创建一个采样器状态，确定如何从纹理图像中获取颜色样本进行渲染D3D11_SAMPLER_DESC sampDesc;ZeroMemory(&sampDesc, sizeof(sampDesc));sampDesc.Filter = D3D11_FILTER_MIN_MAG_MIP_LINEAR;sampDesc.AddressU = D3D11_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_WRAP;sampDesc.AddressV = D3D11_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_WRAP;sampDesc.AddressW = D3D11_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_WRAP;sampDesc.ComparisonFunc = D3D11_COMPARISON_NEVER;sampDesc.MinLOD = 0;sampDesc.MaxLOD = D3D11_FLOAT32_MAX;hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreateSamplerState(&sampDesc, &g_pSamplerLinear);if (FAILED(hr))return hr;//初始化世界矩阵g_World = XMMatrixIdentity();//初始化视角矩阵（也就是人的观察位置）XMVECTOR Eye = XMVectorSet(0.0f, 4.0f, -10.0f, 0.0f);XMVECTOR At = XMVectorSet(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);XMVECTOR Up = XMVectorSet(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);g_View = XMMatrixLookAtLH(Eye, At, Up);//初始化投影矩阵g_Projection = XMMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(XM_PIDIV4, width / (FLOAT)height, 0.01f, 100.0f);return S_OK;
}//清理已经创建的设备的函数
inline void CleanupDevice(void)
{if (g_pImmediateContext) g_pImmediateContext->ClearState();if (g_pConstantBuffer) g_pConstantBuffer->Release();if (g_pVertexBuffer) g_pVertexBuffer->Release();if (g_pIndexBuffer) g_pIndexBuffer->Release();if (g_pVertexLayout) g_pVertexLayout->Release();if (g_pVertexShader) g_pVertexShader->Release();if (g_pPixelShaderSolid) g_pPixelShaderSolid->Release();if (g_pPixelShader) g_pPixelShader->Release();if (g_pDepthStencil) g_pDepthStencil->Release();if (g_pDepthStencilView) g_pDepthStencilView->Release();if (g_pRenderTargetView) g_pRenderTargetView->Release();if (g_pSwapChain) g_pSwapChain->Release();if (g_pImmediateContext) g_pImmediateContext->Release();if (g_pd3dDevice) g_pd3dDevice->Release();
}//处理窗口消息的函数（传入的参数包括窗口、消息类型和附加参数）
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{PAINTSTRUCT ps;HDC hdc;//根据消息类型进行对应的操作switch (message){//重绘窗口内容case WM_PAINT:hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);break;//窗口关闭case WM_DESTROY:PostQuitMessage(0);break;//其他类型消息：调用默认的窗口消息处理函数default:return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);}return 0;
}//对一帧图像进行渲染的函数
void Render(void)
{//更新时间static float t = 0.0f;//对于参考类型的设备，以固定的速度旋转if (g_driverType == D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_REFERENCE){t += (float)XM_PI * 0.0125f;}//对于其他类型的设备，时间的修改是根据当前获取的时间进行的else{static DWORD dwTimeStart = 0;DWORD dwTimeCur = GetTickCount();if (dwTimeStart == 0)dwTimeStart = dwTimeCur;t = (dwTimeCur - dwTimeStart) / 1200.0f;}//绕着原点进行旋转g_World = XMMatrixRotationY(t);//设置背景颜色float ClearColor[4] = { 0.25f, 0.25f, 0.25f, 1.0f }; g_pImmediateContext->ClearRenderTargetView(g_pRenderTargetView, ClearColor);//清空深度缓冲区的内容准备进行深度测试g_pImmediateContext->ClearDepthStencilView(g_pDepthStencilView, D3D11_CLEAR_DEPTH, 1.0f, 0);//创建一个常量缓冲区用于将新的信息传递到着色器（包括三种矩阵、视角和光照效果）ConstantBuffer cb1;cb1.mWorld = XMMatrixTranspose(g_World);cb1.mView = XMMatrixTranspose(g_View);cb1.mProjection = XMMatrixTranspose(g_Projection);cb1.vLightDir = XMFLOAT4(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.5f, 1.0f);cb1.vLightColor = XMFLOAT4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);cb1.vOutputColor = XMFLOAT4(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);cb1.objectColor = XMFLOAT4(0.8f, 1.0f, 0.8f, 1.0f);cb1.hightLightColor = XMFLOAT4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);cb1.eye = XMFLOAT4(0.0f, 4.0f, -10.0f, 1.0f);//更新全局变量中的常量缓冲区g_pImmediateContext->UpdateSubresource(g_pConstantBuffer, 0, NULL, &cb1, 0, 0);//对五个茶壶模型分别进行渲染（通过迭代的方法）for (size_t i = 0; i < 5; i++){cb1.mWorld = XMMatrixTranspose(g_World * XMMatrixTranslation(-4.0f + i * 2, 0.0f, 0.0f));g_pImmediateContext->UpdateSubresource(g_pConstantBuffer, 0, NULL, &cb1, 0, 0);g_pImmediateContext->VSSetShader(g_pVertexShader, NULL, 0);g_pImmediateContext->VSSetConstantBuffers(0, 1, &g_pConstantBuffer);g_pImmediateContext->PSSetShader(g_pPixelSh[i], NULL, 0);g_pImmediateContext->PSSetConstantBuffers(0, 1, &g_pConstantBuffer);g_pImmediateContext->PSSetShaderResources(0, 1, &g_pTextureRV);g_pImmediateContext->PSSetSamplers(0, 1, &g_pSamplerLinear);g_pImmediateContext->DrawIndexed(faceNum * 3, 0, 0);}//将后台缓冲区的内容呈现到前台缓冲区（屏幕）来展示渲染结果g_pSwapChain->Present(0, 0);
}

着色器文件代码

Texture2D txDiffuse : register(t0);
SamplerState samLinear : register(s0);
cbuffer ConstantBuffer : register(b0)
{matrix World;matrix View;matrix Projection;float4 vLightDir;float4 vLightColor;float4 vOutputColor;float4 objectColor;float4 hightLightColor;float4 eye;
}//顶点着色器输入数据格式
struct VS_INPUT
{float4 Pos : POSITION;float3 Norm : NORMAL;float2 Tex : TEXCOORD0;
};//像素着色器输入数据格式
struct PS_INPUT
{float4 Pos : SV_POSITION;float3 Norm : NORMAL;float4 Pos_world : Position;float2 Tex : TEXCOORD0;
};//顶点着色器函数
PS_INPUT VS(VS_INPUT input)
{PS_INPUT output = (PS_INPUT)0;output.Pos = mul(input.Pos, World);output.Pos_world = output.Pos;output.Pos = mul(output.Pos, View);output.Pos = mul(output.Pos, Projection);output.Norm = mul(input.Norm, World);output.Tex = input.Tex;return output;
}//原始的像素着色器函数
float4 PS(PS_INPUT input) : SV_Target
{float4 finalColor = 0;//do NdotL lighting for 2 lightsfor (int i = 0; i < 2; i++){finalColor += saturate(dot((float3)vLightDir[i],input.Norm) * vLightColor[i]);}finalColor.a = 1;return finalColor;
}//固定颜色像素着色器
float4 PSSolid(PS_INPUT input) : SV_Target
{return vOutputColor;
}//环境光着色器
float4 PSAmbient(PS_INPUT input) : SV_Target
{return vOutputColor;
}//漫反射光照着色器
float4 PSLambertian(PS_INPUT input) : SV_Target
{return saturate(objectColor * vLightColor * max(0, dot(input.Norm,vLightDir))) + vOutputColor;
}//Blinn-Phong光照着色器
float4 PSBlinn(PS_INPUT input) : SV_Target
{float4 posLight = normalize(vLightDir - input.Pos_world);float4 posView = normalize(eye - input.Pos_world);float4 h = posLight + posView;float4 b = normalize(h);return saturate(hightLightColor * objectColor * pow(max(0, dot(input.Norm, b)), 0.9)) + PSLambertian(input);
}//卡通渲染着色器
float4 PSToon(PS_INPUT input) : SV_Target
{float a = max(0, dot(input.Norm, vLightDir));float4 L1 = float4(0.1f, 0.2f, 0.1f, 0.0f);float4 L2 = float4(0.2f, 0.4f, 0.2f, 0.0f);float4 L3 = float4(0.4f, 0.6f, 0.4f, 0.0f);float4 L4 = float4(0.6f, 0.8f, 0.6f, 0.0f);float TH1 = 0.2;float TH2 = 0.4;float TH3 = 0.6;float TH4 = 1;if (a < TH1)return L1;if (a >= TH1 && a < TH2)return L2;if (a >= TH2 && a < TH3)return L3;if (a >= TH3 && a < TH4)return L4;return 0;
}//纹理映射着色器
float4 PSTexture(PS_INPUT input) : SV_Target
{return txDiffuse.Sample(samLinear, input.Tex) * vLightColor * max(0, dot(input.Norm, vLightDir));
}