C#--核心

CSharp核心知识点学习

学习内容有：

绪论：面向对象的概念

Lesson1：类和对象

练习：

Lesson2：封装--成员变量和访问修饰符

练习:

Lesson3:封装--成员方法

Lesson4：封装--构造函数和析构函数

知识点四垃圾回收机制--面试常考

练习：

Lesson5：成员属性

练习：

Lesson6：封装--索引器

练习：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace Lesson6_练习
{#region 练习//自定义一个整形数组类，该类中有一个整形数组变量//为它封装增删查改的方法class IntArray{private int[] array;//房间容量private int capacity;//当前放了几个房间private int length;public IntArray(){capacity = 5;length = 0;array = new int[capacity];}//增public void Add(int value){//如果要增加就涉及扩容//扩容就涉及"搬家"if(length < capacity){array[length] = value;++length;}//扩容“搬家”else{capacity *= 2;//新房子int[] tempArray = new int[capacity];for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; i++){tempArray[i] = array[i];}//老的房子地址 指向新房子地址array = tempArray;//传入的往后放array[length] = value;++length;}}//删//指定内容删除public void Remove(int value){//找到 传入值 在哪个位置for (int i = 0; i < length; i++){if(array[i] == value){RemoveAt(i);return;}}Console.WriteLine("没有在数组中找到{0}",value);}//指定索引删除public void RemoveAt(int index){if(index > length){Console.WriteLine("当前数组只有{0}，你越界了",length);return;}for (int i = index; i < length - 1; i++){array[i] = array[i + 1];}--length;}//查改public int this[int index]{get{if(index >= length || index < 0){Console.WriteLine("越界了");return 0;}return array[index];}set{if (index >= length || index < 0){Console.WriteLine("越界了");}array[index] = value;}}public int Length{get{return length;}}}#endregionclass Program{static void Main(string[] args){Console.WriteLine("索引器练习");IntArray intArray = new IntArray();intArray.Add(1);intArray.Add(2);Console.WriteLine(intArray.Length);//intArray.RemoveAt(1);intArray.Remove(2);Console.WriteLine(intArray[0]);//Console.WriteLine(intArray[1]);Console.WriteLine(intArray.Length);}}
}

Lesson7：封装--静态成员

练习：

Lesson8：封装-- 静态类和静态构造函数

Lesson9：封装--拓展方法

练习：

Lesson10：封装--运算符重载

练习：

Lesson11：封装--内部类和分部类

Lesson12：继承--继承的基本规则

练习：

Lesson13：继承--里氏替换原则

练习：

Lesson14：继承--继承中的构造函数

练习：

Lesson15：继承--万物之父和装箱拆箱

练习：

Lesson16：继承--密封类

练习：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace Lesson16_练习
{#region 练习//定义一个载具类//有速度，最大速度，可乘人数，司机和乘客等，有上车，下车，行驶，车祸等方法//用载具类申明一个对象，并将若干人装载上车class Car{public int speed;public int maxSpeed;//当前装了多少人public int num;public Person[] person;public Car(int speed, int maxSpeed, int num){this.speed = speed;this.maxSpeed = maxSpeed;this.num = 0;person = new Person[num];}public void GetIn(Person p){if(num >= person.Length){Console.WriteLine("满载了");return;}person[num] = p;++num;}public void GetOff(Person p){for (int i = 0; i < person.Length; i++){if(person[i] == null){break;}if (person[i] == p){//移动位置for (int j = i; j < num - 1; j++){person[j] = person[j + 1];}//最后一个位置清空person[num - 1] = null;--num;break;}}}public void Move(){}public void Boom(){}}class Person{}class Driver : Person{}class Passenger : Person{}#endregionclass Program{static void Main(string[] args){Console.WriteLine("封装继承综合练习");Car car = new Car(80, 100, 20);Driver driver = new Driver();Passenger p1 = new Passenger();Passenger p2 = new Passenger();Passenger p3 = new Passenger();car.GetIn(driver);car.GetIn(p1);car.GetIn(p2);car.GetIn(p3);car.GetOff(p1);}}
}

练习调试！！！

Lesson17：多态--vob

通过这节课的知识--解决了Lesson13 的练习题

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace Lesson13_练习
{#region 练习一//is和as的区别//is 用于判断 类对象判断是不是某个类型的对象  bool//as 用于转换 把一个类对象 转换成一个指定类型的对象  null#endregion#region 练习二//写一个Monster类，它派生出Boss和Gobin两个类//Boss有技能，小怪有攻击//随机生成10个怪，装载到数组中//遍历这个数组，调用他们的攻击方法，如果是boss就释放技能class Monster{}class Boss : Monster{public void Skill(){Console.WriteLine("Boss释放技能");}}class Goblin : Monster{public void Atk(){Console.WriteLine("小怪攻击");}}#endregion#region 练习三//FPS游戏模拟//写一个玩家类，玩家可以拥有各种武器//线在有四种武器，冲锋枪，散弹枪，手枪，匕首//玩家默认拥有匕首//请在玩家类中写一个方法，可以拾取不同的武器替换自己拥有的武器class Weapon{public virtual string Input(){return null;}}/// <summary>/// 冲锋枪/// </summary>class SubmachineGun : Weapon{public override string Input(){return "冲锋枪";//Console.WriteLine("冲锋枪");}}/// <summary>/// 散弹枪/// </summary>class ShotGun : Weapon{public override string Input(){return "散弹枪";//Console.WriteLine("散弹枪");}}/// <summary>/// 手枪/// </summary>class Pistol : Weapon{public override string Input(){return "手枪";//Console.WriteLine("手枪");}}/// <summary>/// 匕首/// </summary>class Dagger : Weapon{public override string Input(){return "匕首";//Console.WriteLine("匕首");}}class Player{private Weapon nowHaveWeapon;public Player(){nowHaveWeapon = new Dagger();}public void PickUp(Weapon weapon){nowHaveWeapon = weapon;}public void Show(){Console.WriteLine("当前玩家使用的武器是：{0}",nowHaveWeapon.Input());}}#endregionclass Program{static void Main(string[] args){Console.WriteLine("里氏替换原则练习");//随机生成10个怪物Monster[] objects = new Monster[10];Random r = new Random();int box = 0;for (int i = 0; i < objects.Length; i++){box = r.Next(1, 3);if(box == 1){objects[i] = new Boss();}else{objects[i] = new Goblin();}}//遍历数组for (int i = 0; i < objects.Length; i++){if(objects[i] is Boss){(objects[i] as Boss).Skill();}else if(objects[i] is Goblin){(objects[i] as Goblin).Atk();}}Player p = new Player();p.Show();Weapon submachineGun = new SubmachineGun();p.PickUp(submachineGun);p.Show();//遗留一个问题：重写？！！//通过学习Lesson17--多态ovb    得以解决}}
}

练习：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace Lesson17_练习
{#region 练习一//真的鸭子嘎嘎叫，木头鸭子吱吱叫，橡皮鸭子唧唧叫class Duck{public virtual void Speak(){Console.WriteLine("嘎嘎叫");}}class WoodDuck : Duck{public override void Speak(){//base.Speak();Console.WriteLine("吱吱叫");}}class RubberDuck : Duck{public override void Speak(){//base.Speak();Console.WriteLine("唧唧叫");}}#endregion#region 练习二//所有员工9点打卡//但经理十一点打卡，程序员不打卡class Staff{public virtual void PunchTheClock(){Console.WriteLine("普通员工9点打卡");}}class Manager : Staff{public override void PunchTheClock(){//base.PunchTheClock();Console.WriteLine("经理11点打卡");}}class Programmer : Staff{public override void PunchTheClock(){//base.PunchTheClock();Console.WriteLine("程序员不打卡");}}#endregion#region 练习三//创建一个图形类，有求面积和周长两个方法//创建矩形类，正方形类，圆形类继承图形类//实例化矩形，正方形，圆形对象求面积和周长class Graph{public virtual float GetLength(){return 0;}public virtual float GetArea(){return 0;}}class Rect : Graph{private float w;private float h;public Rect(float w, float h){this.w = w;this.h = h;}public override float GetLength(){//return base.GetLength();return 2 * (w + h);}public override float GetArea(){//return base.GetArea();return w * h;}}class Square : Graph{private float h;public Square(float h){this.h = h;}public override float GetLength(){//return base.GetLength();return 4 * h;}public override float GetArea(){//return base.GetArea();return h * h;}}class Circule : Graph{private float r;public Circule(float r){this.r = r;}public override float GetLength(){//return base.GetLength();return 2 * 3.14F * r;}public override float GetArea(){//return base.GetArea();return 3.14f * r * r;}}#endregionclass Program{static void Main(string[] args){Console.WriteLine("多态ovb");Console.WriteLine("virtual   override   base");Duck d = new Duck();d.Speak();Duck wd = new WoodDuck();wd.Speak();Duck rd = new RubberDuck();rd.Speak();Staff s = new Staff();s.PunchTheClock();Staff ma = new Manager();ma.PunchTheClock();(ma as Manager).PunchTheClock();Staff pr = new Programmer();(pr as Programmer).PunchTheClock();Rect r = new Rect(2, 4);Console.WriteLine("矩形的周长是：" + r.GetLength());Console.WriteLine("矩形的面积是：" + r.GetArea());Square sq = new Square(4);Console.WriteLine("正方形的周长是：" + sq.GetLength());Console.WriteLine("正方形的面积是：" + sq.GetArea());Circule ci = new Circule(3);Console.WriteLine("圆的周长是：" + ci.GetLength());Console.WriteLine("圆的面积是：" + ci.GetArea());}}
}

Lesson18：多态--抽象类和抽象方法

练习：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace Lesson18_练习
{#region 练习一//写一个动物抽象类，写三个子类//人叫、狗叫、猫叫abstract class Animal{public abstract void Speak();}class Person : Animal{public override void Speak(){Console.WriteLine("人在说话");}}class Dog : Animal{public override void Speak(){Console.WriteLine("狗在汪汪叫");}}class Cat : Animal{public override void Speak(){Console.WriteLine("猫在喵喵叫");}}#endregion#region 练习二//创建一个图形类，有求面积和周长两个方法//创建矩形类，正方形类，圆形类继承图形类//实例化矩形，正方形，圆形对象求面积和周长abstract class Graph{public abstract float GetLength();public abstract float GetArea();}class Rect : Graph{private float w;private float h;public Rect(float w, float h){this.w = w;this.h = h;}public override float GetLength(){//return base.GetLength();return 2 * (w + h);}public override float GetArea(){//return base.GetArea();return w * h;}}class Square : Graph{private float h;public Square(float h){this.h = h;}public override float GetLength(){//return base.GetLength();return 4 * h;}public override float GetArea(){//return base.GetArea();return h * h;}}class Circule : Graph{private float r;public Circule(float r){this.r = r;}public override float GetLength(){//return base.GetLength();return 2 * 3.14F * r;}public override float GetArea(){//return base.GetArea();return 3.14f * r * r;}}#endregionclass Program{static void Main(string[] args){Console.WriteLine("抽象类和抽象方法");Person p = new Person();p.Speak();Dog dog = new Dog();dog.Speak();Animal cat = new Cat();cat.Speak();}}
}

Lesson19：多态--接口

练习：重要，加深对接口的应用

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace Lesson19_练习
{#region 练习一//人、汽车、房子都需要登记，人需要到派出所登记，汽车需要去车管所登记，房子需要去房管局登记//使用接口实现登记方法interface IRegister{void Register();}class Person : IRegister{public void Register(){Console.WriteLine("派出所登记");}}class Car : IRegister{public void Register(){Console.WriteLine("车管所登记");}}class Home : IRegister{public void Register(){Console.WriteLine("房管局登记");}}#endregion#region 练习二//麻雀、鸵鸟、企鹅、鹦鹉、直升机、天鹅//直升机和部分鸟能飞//鸵鸟和企鹅不能飞//企鹅和天鹅能游泳//除直升机，其他都能走//请用面向对象相关知识实现abstract class Bird{public abstract void Walk();}interface IFly{void Fly();}interface ISwimming{void Swimming();}//麻雀class Sparrow : Bird,IFly{public void Fly(){}public override void Walk(){}}//鸵鸟class Ostrich : Bird{public override void Walk(){}}//企鹅class Penguin : Bird,ISwimming{public void Swimming(){throw new NotImplementedException();}public override void Walk(){}}//鹦鹉class Parrot : Bird,IFly{public void Fly(){throw new NotImplementedException();}public override void Walk(){}}//天鹅class Swan : Bird,IFly,ISwimming{public void Fly(){throw new NotImplementedException();}public void Swimming(){throw new NotImplementedException();}public override void Walk(){}}//直升机class Helicopter : IFly{public void Fly(){throw new NotImplementedException();}}#endregion#region 练习三//多态来模拟移动硬盘、U盘、MP3插到电脑上读取数据//移动硬盘与U盘都属于存储设备//MP3属于播放设备//但他们都能插在电脑上传输数据//电脑提供一个USB接口//请实现电脑的传输数据的功能interface IUSB{void ReadData();}class StorageDevice : IUSB{public string name;public StorageDevice(string name){this.name = name;}public void ReadData(){Console.WriteLine("{0}传输数据",name);}}class MP3 : IUSB{public void ReadData(){Console.WriteLine("MP3传输数据");}}class Computer{public IUSB usb1;}#endregionclass Program{static void Main(string[] args){Console.WriteLine("接口练习");IRegister p = new Person();p.Register();Car car = new Car();car.Register();Home home = new Home();home.Register();StorageDevice hd = new StorageDevice("移动硬盘");StorageDevice ud = new StorageDevice("U盘");MP3 mp3 = new MP3();Computer cp = new Computer();cp.usb1 = hd;cp.usb1.ReadData();cp.usb1 = ud;cp.usb1.ReadData();cp.usb1 = mp3;cp.usb1.ReadData();}}
}