连连看小游戏：用Python Tkinter打造的精彩游戏体验

在丰富多彩的游戏世界中，连连看作为一种经典的解谜游戏一直备受欢迎。连连看的玩法简单却富有挑战性，通过消除相同图标的配对，玩家可以不断地挑战自己的观察力和反应速度。

游戏简介

连连看是一种考验玩家眼力和逻辑思维的益智游戏，也是一种常见的休闲娱乐方式。游戏的基本规则是通过连接两个相同图标的路径，消除所有的图标。路径连接可以是直线、一次拐弯或两次拐弯。只有在路径不被其他图标遮挡的情况下，连接才会有效。

技术背景

本次实现采用了Python编程语言，并利用Tkinter库作为图形用户界面的构建工具。Tkinter是Python内建的GUI工具包，它提供了创建窗口、按钮、菜单等常见GUI元素的功能，极大地简化了图形界面的开发过程。通过结合Python的易读性和Tkinter的灵活性，我们可以迅速实现一个简单而有趣的连连看小游戏。

MainWindow类:

职责:

• 代表游戏的主窗口。
• 使用Tkinter处理GUI元素。
• 管理游戏的初始化、地图绘制、处理用户点击以及检查游戏结束条件。

代码示例：

class MainWindow():# ... (其他代码)def __init__(self):self.root = tk.Tk()# ... (其他初始化代码)def __addComponets(self):self.menubar = tk.Menu(self.root, bg="lightgrey", fg="black")# ... (其他菜单初始化代码)self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self.root, bg='white', width=450, height=450)self.canvas.pack(side=tk.TOP, pady=5)self.canvas.bind('<Button-1>', self.clickCanvas)# ... (其他画布初始化代码)def centerWindow(self, width, height):# ... (屏幕居中代码)def file_new(self, event=None):# ... (新游戏初始化代码)def clickCanvas(self, event):# ... (处理画布点击事件的代码)# ... (其他方法)

方法:

• __init__: 初始化主窗口并设置组件。
• __addComponets: 添加组件，如菜单和画布到窗口。
• centerWindow: 将窗口居中于屏幕。
• file_new: 初始化并开始新游戏。
• clickCanvas: 处理游戏画布上的鼠标点击。
• isGameEnd: 检查游戏是否结束。
• extractSmallIconList: 从较大的图像中加载并提取小图标。
• iniMap: 使用随机图标初始化游戏地图。
• drawMap: 在画布上绘制游戏地图。

包含用于坐标计算、绘制选定区域、清除连接块以及检查地图中空白区域的各种辅助方法。

Point类:

• 表示游戏网格上的二维点。
• 提供用于检查有用性、相等性、克隆和更改坐标的方法。

class Point():def __init__(self, x, y):self.x = xself.y = ydef isUserful(self):return self.x >= 0 and self.y >= 0def isEqual(self, point):return self.x == point.x and self.y == point.ydef clone(self):return Point(self.x, self.y)def changeTo(self, point):self.x = point.xself.y = point.y

方法:

• __init__: 使用x和y坐标初始化点。
• isUserful: 检查点的坐标是否为非负数。
• isEqual: 检查两个点是否相等。
• clone: 创建点的克隆。
• changeTo: 更改点的坐标以匹配另一个点。

主执行部分:

创建MainWindow类的实例以启动游戏。

MainWindow()

完整代码：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Date    : 2017-10-02 15:19:24
# @Author  : Salamander	(1906747819@qq.com)
# @Link    : http://blog.51lucy.comimport os, random
import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.messagebox
from PIL import Image, ImageTkclass MainWindow():__gameTitle = "连连看游戏"__windowWidth = 700__windowHeigth = 500__icons = []__gameSize = 10 # 游戏尺寸__iconKind = __gameSize * __gameSize / 4 # 小图片种类数量__iconWidth = 40__iconHeight = 40__map = [] # 游戏地图__delta = 25__isFirst = True__isGameStart = False__formerPoint = NoneEMPTY = -1NONE_LINK = 0STRAIGHT_LINK = 1ONE_CORNER_LINK = 2TWO_CORNER_LINK = 3def __init__(self):self.root = tk.Tk()self.root.title(self.__gameTitle)self.centerWindow(self.__windowWidth, self.__windowHeigth)self.root.minsize(460, 460)self.__addComponets()self.extractSmallIconList()self.root.mainloop()def __addComponets(self):self.menubar = tk.Menu(self.root, bg="lightgrey", fg="black")self.file_menu = tk.Menu(self.menubar, tearoff=0, bg="lightgrey", fg="black")self.file_menu.add_command(label="新游戏", command=self.file_new, accelerator="Ctrl+N")self.menubar.add_cascade(label="游戏", menu=self.file_menu)self.root.configure(menu=self.menubar)self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self.root, bg = 'white', width = 450, height = 450)self.canvas.pack(side=tk.TOP, pady = 5)self.canvas.bind('<Button-1>', self.clickCanvas)def centerWindow(self, width, height):screenwidth = self.root.winfo_screenwidth()screenheight = self.root.winfo_screenheight()size = '%dx%d+%d+%d' % (width, height, (screenwidth - width)/2, (screenheight - height)/2)self.root.geometry(size)def file_new(self, event=None):self.iniMap()self.drawMap()self.__isGameStart = Truedef clickCanvas(self, event):if self.__isGameStart:point = self.getInnerPoint(Point(event.x, event.y))# 有效点击坐标if point.isUserful() and not self.isEmptyInMap(point):if self.__isFirst:self.drawSelectedArea(point)self.__isFirst= Falseself.__formerPoint = pointelse:if self.__formerPoint.isEqual(point):self.__isFirst = Trueself.canvas.delete("rectRedOne")else:linkType = self.getLinkType(self.__formerPoint, point)if linkType['type'] != self.NONE_LINK:# TODO Animationself.ClearLinkedBlocks(self.__formerPoint, point)self.canvas.delete("rectRedOne")self.__isFirst = Trueif self.isGameEnd():tk.messagebox.showinfo("You Win!", "Tip")self.__isGameStart = Falseelse:self.__formerPoint = pointself.canvas.delete("rectRedOne")self.drawSelectedArea(point)# 判断游戏是否结束def isGameEnd(self):for y in range(0, self.__gameSize):for x in range(0, self.__gameSize):if self.__map[y][x] != self.EMPTY:return Falsereturn True'''提取小头像数组'''def extractSmallIconList(self):root_dir = os.getcwd()imagePath = os.path.join(root_dir, 'images', 'NARUTO.png')imageSouce = Image.open(imagePath)for index in range(0, int(self.__iconKind)):region = imageSouce.crop((self.__iconWidth * index, 0, self.__iconWidth * index + self.__iconWidth - 1, self.__iconHeight - 1))self.__icons.append(ImageTk.PhotoImage(region))'''初始化地图 存值为0-24'''def iniMap(self):self.__map = [] # 重置地图tmpRecords = []records = []for i in range(0, int(self.__iconKind)):for j in range(0, 4):tmpRecords.append(i)total = self.__gameSize * self.__gameSizefor x in range(0, total):index = random.randint(0, total - x - 1)records.append(tmpRecords[index])del tmpRecords[index]# 一维数组转为二维，y为高维度for y in range(0, self.__gameSize):for x in range(0, self.__gameSize):if x == 0:self.__map.append([])self.__map[y].append(records[x + y * self.__gameSize])'''根据地图绘制图像'''def drawMap(self):self.canvas.delete("all")for y in range(0, self.__gameSize):for x in range(0, self.__gameSize):point = self.getOuterLeftTopPoint(Point(x, y))im = self.canvas.create_image((point.x, point.y), image=self.__icons[self.__map[y][x]], anchor='nw', tags = 'im%d%d' % (x, y))'''获取内部坐标对应矩形左上角顶点坐标'''def getOuterLeftTopPoint(self, point):return Point(self.getX(point.x), self.getY(point.y))'''获取内部坐标对应矩形中心坐标'''def getOuterCenterPoint(self, point):return Point(self.getX(point.x) + int(self.__iconWidth / 2), self.getY(point.y) + int(self.__iconHeight / 2))def getX(self, x):return x * self.__iconWidth + self.__deltadef getY(self, y):return y * self.__iconHeight + self.__delta'''获取内部坐标'''def getInnerPoint(self, point):x = -1y = -1for i in range(0, self.__gameSize):x1 = self.getX(i)x2 = self.getX(i + 1)if point.x >= x1 and point.x < x2:x = ifor j in range(0, self.__gameSize):j1 = self.getY(j)j2 = self.getY(j + 1)if point.y >= j1 and point.y < j2:y = jreturn Point(x, y)'''选择的区域变红，point为内部坐标'''def drawSelectedArea(self, point):pointLT = self.getOuterLeftTopPoint(point)pointRB = self.getOuterLeftTopPoint(Point(point.x + 1, point.y + 1))self.canvas.create_rectangle(pointLT.x, pointLT.y, pointRB.x - 1, pointRB.y - 1, outline = 'red', tags = "rectRedOne")'''消除连通的两个块'''def ClearLinkedBlocks(self, p1, p2):self.__map[p1.y][p1.x] = self.EMPTYself.__map[p2.y][p2.x] = self.EMPTYself.canvas.delete('im%d%d' % (p1.x, p1.y))self.canvas.delete('im%d%d' % (p2.x, p2.y))'''地图上该点是否为空'''def isEmptyInMap(self, point):if self.__map[point.y][point.x] == self.EMPTY:return Trueelse:return False'''获取两个点连通类型'''def getLinkType(self, p1, p2):# 首先判断两个方块中图片是否相同if self.__map[p1.y][p1.x] != self.__map[p2.y][p2.x]:return { 'type': self.NONE_LINK }if self.isStraightLink(p1, p2):return {'type': self.STRAIGHT_LINK}res = self.isOneCornerLink(p1, p2)if res:return {'type': self.ONE_CORNER_LINK,'p1': res}res = self.isTwoCornerLink(p1, p2)if res:return {'type': self.TWO_CORNER_LINK,'p1': res['p1'],'p2': res['p2']}return {'type': self.NONE_LINK}'''直连'''def isStraightLink(self, p1, p2):start = -1end = -1# 水平if p1.y == p2.y:# 大小判断if p2.x < p1.x:start = p2.xend = p1.xelse:start = p1.xend = p2.xfor x in range(start + 1, end):if self.__map[p1.y][x] != self.EMPTY:return Falsereturn Trueelif p1.x == p2.x:if p1.y > p2.y:start = p2.yend = p1.yelse:start = p1.yend = p2.yfor y in range(start + 1, end):if self.__map[y][p1.x] != self.EMPTY:return Falsereturn Truereturn Falsedef isOneCornerLink(self, p1, p2):pointCorner = Point(p1.x, p2.y)if self.isStraightLink(p1, pointCorner) and self.isStraightLink(pointCorner, p2) and self.isEmptyInMap(pointCorner):return pointCornerpointCorner = Point(p2.x, p1.y)if self.isStraightLink(p1, pointCorner) and self.isStraightLink(pointCorner, p2) and self.isEmptyInMap(pointCorner):return pointCornerdef isTwoCornerLink(self, p1, p2):for y in range(-1, self.__gameSize + 1):pointCorner1 = Point(p1.x, y)pointCorner2 = Point(p2.x, y)if y == p1.y or y == p2.y:continueif y == -1 or y == self.__gameSize:if self.isStraightLink(p1, pointCorner1) and self.isStraightLink(pointCorner2, p2):return {'p1': pointCorner1, 'p2': pointCorner2}else:if self.isStraightLink(p1, pointCorner1) and self.isStraightLink(pointCorner1, pointCorner2) and self.isStraightLink(pointCorner2, p2) and self.isEmptyInMap(pointCorner1) and self.isEmptyInMap(pointCorner2):return {'p1': pointCorner1, 'p2': pointCorner2}# 横向判断for x in range(-1, self.__gameSize + 1):pointCorner1 = Point(x, p1.y)pointCorner2 = Point(x, p2.y)if x == p1.x or x == p2.x:continueif x == -1 or x == self.__gameSize:if self.isStraightLink(p1, pointCorner1) and self.isStraightLink(pointCorner2, p2):return {'p1': pointCorner1, 'p2': pointCorner2}else:if self.isStraightLink(p1, pointCorner1) and self.isStraightLink(pointCorner1, pointCorner2) and self.isStraightLink(pointCorner2, p2) and self.isEmptyInMap(pointCorner1) and self.isEmptyInMap(pointCorner2):return {'p1': pointCorner1, 'p2': pointCorner2}class Point():def __init__(self, x, y):self.x = xself.y = ydef isUserful(self):if self.x >= 0 and self.y >= 0:return Trueelse:return False'''判断两个点是否相同'''def isEqual(self, point):if self.x == point.x and self.y == point.y:return Trueelse:return False'''克隆一份对象'''def clone(self):return Point(self.x, self.y)'''改为另一个对象'''def changeTo(self, point):self.x = point.xself.y = point.yMainWindow()

总结：

在这个充满创造力和乐趣的项目中，我们不仅实现了一个简单的连连看小游戏，更体验了Python和Tkinter在游戏开发领域的强大潜力。可以作为初学者学习Python GUI编程和游戏开发的绝佳实例。希望这个项目能够激发更多人对编程和游戏开发的兴趣，开启一个全新的学习之旅。