ActiViz集成到WPF中的空域问题

文章目录

一、场景
- 1、WPF控件
- 2、集成ActiViz或者VTK
二、问题
- 1、需求
- 2、空域问题
三、解决方案
- 1、用WindowsFormsHost包裹住ElementHost，然后将WPF的控件放在ElementHost职中：
- 2、用Window或者Popup去悬浮
- 3、使用第三方库Microsoft.DwayneNeed（这也是网上出现较多的答案）
四、最新解决方案
- 1、步骤
- 2、需要用到的库
- 3、关键代码如下：
- 4、运行结果预览：
- 5、源码链接
五、总结

一、场景

1、WPF控件

众所周知，由于WPF的底层绘制原理不同，WPF的大多数控件都不具备句柄，具备句柄的也就只有那么几种：Window、Popup、ContextMenu等。

2、集成ActiViz或者VTK

在集成VTK时： 一般选择WindowsFormsHost作为载体，将WinForm具备句柄的控件：如Panel，嵌入WPF布局中。然后将Panel的句柄传给C++。

在集成ActiViz时： 需要以RenderWindowControl来承接三维渲染内容，同样一般选择WindowsFormsHost作为载体，将RenderWindowControl放入其中，然后渲染三维内容。

二、问题

1、需求

如果需求是在三维布局界面，悬浮一些控件，且控件的背景色可以设置成透明。

2、空域问题

你会发现悬浮的WPF控件，始终在WindowsFormsHost之下，也就是说WindowsFormsHost所承载的内容始终置顶。这就是WPF由来已久的空域问题。

三、解决方案

1、用WindowsFormsHost包裹住ElementHost，然后将WPF的控件放在ElementHost职中：

<wf:WindowsFormsHost>
<wf:ElementHost>
<Grid>
</Grid>
</wf:ElementHost>
</wf:WindowsFormsHost>

如此，WPF的控件可置顶。但是会产生一下问题：
①WPF的控件绑定需要重新指定数据源
②较多的WindowsFormsHost会增加界面刷新的负担
③较多的WindowsFormsHost处理不慎的话，会出现严重的内存泄漏问题
④WindowsFormsHost所包裹的WPF控件无法透明背景，影响界面美观

2、用Window或者Popup去悬浮

优点：可悬浮于WindowsFormsHost之上、可透明背景
缺点：
①会产生其他显示问题，处理复杂：Popup永远置顶，在锁屏或者弹窗时，Popup始终在最上方。当然用Windows的API重写Popup，可取消置顶，但任然在不同环境可能有取消置顶失败的情况出现。
②Popup和Window作为单独的窗口，已经不再和主页面为一个整体，在页面切换和页面移动时，需要手动更新Popup，Window的显隐和位置，处理较为麻烦。
③Popup的使用在窗口关闭时，存在内存泄漏问题。

3、使用第三方库Microsoft.DwayneNeed（这也是网上出现较多的答案）

<xmlns:interop=clr-namespace:Microsoft.DwayneNeed.Interop;assembly=Microsoft.DwayneNeed></xmlns><airspace:AirspaceDecorator AirspaceMode="Redirect" IsInputRedirectionEnabled="True" IsOutputRedirectionEnabled="True">    
<WindowsFormsHost Name="FormsHost">        
<winform:WebBrowser>    
</WindowsFormsHost></airspace:AirspaceDecorator>

以上方式，的确可以实现控件悬浮置顶，且控件背景透明。但经过本人实测，会出现以下不可控问题：
①在切换界面布局，或者刷新界面时会产生不可控的BUG，难以解决
②刷新界面时，存在严重的性能问题
③占用资源过多，三维界面的鼠标交互异常卡顿

四、最新解决方案

基于最新的ActiViz 9.3的版本，可以自己实现一个RenderWindowControl来解决空域问题。

1、步骤

①将D3D11Image控件封装到控件，通过DirectX 纹理映射来绘制图像
②将D3D11Image控件DirectN获取到系统能支持的控件句柄
③将该句柄设置上下文方式，设置到vtkWin32OpenGLDXRenderWindow中：
RenderWindow.SetD3DDeviceContext§;
④重写鼠标交互

2、需要用到的库

DirectNCore
Kitware.mummy.Runtime
Kitware.VTK
Microsoft.Wpf.Interop.DirectX

3、关键代码如下：

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Interop;
using System.Windows.Media;
using DirectN;
using Kitware.VTK;
using Microsoft.Wpf.Interop.DirectX;namespace WpfD3D11Interop_Net6._0
{internal class MyRenderWindowControl : Image{public vtkWin32OpenGLDXRenderWindow RenderWindow;public vtkRenderWindowInteractor Interactor;private bool _readyForRendering;private IComObject<ID3D11Device> _device;private IComObject<ID3D11Texture2D>? _d3d11Texture;private D3D11Image _d3d11ImageSource;public MyRenderWindowControl(){_d3d11ImageSource = new D3D11Image();base.Source = (ImageSource)(object)_d3d11ImageSource;_d3d11ImageSource.OnRender = new Action<nint, bool>(Render);D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_FLAG val = (D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_FLAG)32;          RenderWindow = vtkWin32OpenGLDXRenderWindow.New();RenderWindow.ShowWindowOff();RenderWindow.SetColorTextureFormat(87u);Extensions.WithComPointer<ID3D11DeviceContext>(ID3D11DeviceExtensions.GetImmediateContext(_device), (Action<IntPtr>)delegate (nint p){RenderWindow.SetD3DDeviceContext(p);});RenderWindow.Initialize();RenderWindow.Render();RenderWindow.RegisterSharedTexture();Interactor = vtkRenderWindowInteractor.New();Interactor.EnableRenderOff();RenderWindow.SetInteractor(Interactor);Interactor.RenderEvt += Interactor_RenderEvt;vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera interactorStyle = vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera.New();Interactor.SetInteractorStyle(interactorStyle);base.MouseMove += RenderWindowControl_MouseMove;base.MouseDown += RenderWindowControl_MouseDown;base.MouseUp += RenderWindowControl_MouseUp;base.MouseWheel += RenderWindowControl_MouseWheel;base.KeyDown += RenderWindowControl_KeyDown;base.KeyUp += RenderWindowControl_KeyUp;base.Focusable = true;base.IsHitTestVisible = true;base.Loaded += RenderWindowControl_Loaded;base.SizeChanged += RenderWindowControl_SizeChanged;CompositionTarget.Rendering += CompositionTarget_Rendering;}private void RenderWindowControl_MouseWheel(object sender, MouseWheelEventArgs e){if (!base.IsFocused){Focus();}if (e.Delta < 0){Interactor.MouseWheelBackwardEvent();}else if (e.Delta > 0){Interactor.MouseWheelForwardEvent();}}private void RenderWindowControl_MouseDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e){Point position = e.GetPosition(this);Interactor.SetEventPosition((int)position.X, (int)position.Y);CaptureMouse();if (!base.IsFocused){Focus();}if (e.ChangedButton == MouseButton.Left){Interactor.LeftButtonPressEvent();}if (e.ChangedButton == MouseButton.Right){Interactor.RightButtonPressEvent();}if (e.ChangedButton == MouseButton.Middle){Interactor.MiddleButtonPressEvent();}}private void RenderWindowControl_MouseUp(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e){Point position = e.GetPosition(this);Interactor.SetEventPosition((int)position.X, (int)position.Y);ReleaseMouseCapture();if (e.ChangedButton == MouseButton.Left){Interactor.LeftButtonReleaseEvent();}if (e.ChangedButton == MouseButton.Right){Interactor.RightButtonReleaseEvent();}if (e.ChangedButton == MouseButton.Middle){Interactor.MiddleButtonReleaseEvent();}}private void RenderWindowControl_MouseMove(object sender, MouseEventArgs e){Point position = e.GetPosition(this);Interactor.SetEventPosition((int)position.X, (int)position.Y);Interactor.MouseMoveEvent();}private void RenderWindowControl_KeyUp(object sender, KeyEventArgs e){SetInteractorKeyEventInformation(e);Interactor.KeyReleaseEvent();e.Handled = true;}private void RenderWindowControl_KeyDown(object sender, KeyEventArgs e){SetInteractorKeyEventInformation(e);Interactor.KeyPressEvent();string text = e.Key.ToString();if (text.Length == 1 && text.All(char.IsLetter)){Interactor.CharEvent();}e.Handled = true;}protected void SetInteractorKeyEventInformation(KeyEventArgs e){bool flag = (Keyboard.GetKeyStates(Key.Capital) & KeyStates.Toggled) == KeyStates.Toggled;int ctrl = (((Keyboard.Modifiers & ModifierKeys.Control) == ModifierKeys.Control) ? 1 : 0);int num = (((Keyboard.Modifiers & ModifierKeys.Shift) == ModifierKeys.Shift) ? 1 : 0);int altKey = (((Keyboard.Modifiers & ModifierKeys.Alt) == ModifierKeys.Alt) ? 1 : 0);int repeatcount = (e.IsRepeat ? 1 : 0);string text = e.Key.ToString();sbyte keycode = 0;if (text.Length == 1){if (text.All(char.IsLetter) && num == 0 && !flag){text = text.ToLower();}keycode = (sbyte)text[0];}Interactor.SetKeyEventInformation(ctrl, num, keycode, repeatcount, text);Interactor.SetAltKey(altKey);}private void Interactor_RenderEvt(vtkObject sender, vtkObjectEventArgs e){_readyForRendering = true;}private void Render(nint surface, bool isNewSurface){//IL_001d: Unknown result type (might be due to invalid IL or missing references)//IL_0040: Unknown result type (might be due to invalid IL or missing references)if (isNewSurface){nint num = default(nint);ComObject.From<IDXGIResource>(ComObject.QueryObjectInterface<ID3D11Texture2D>((object)ComObject.From<ID3D11Texture2D>((IntPtr)surface, true), true), true).Object.GetSharedHandle(out num);object obj = default(object);_device.Object.OpenSharedResource((IntPtr)num, typeof(ID3D11Resource).GUID, out obj);nint num2 = ComObject.QueryObjectInterface(obj, typeof(ID3D11Texture2D).GUID, true);_d3d11Texture = (IComObject<ID3D11Texture2D>?)(object)ComObject.From<ID3D11Texture2D>((IntPtr)num2, true);_readyForRendering = true;}if (_readyForRendering){RenderWindow.Lock();RenderWindow.Render();RenderWindow.Unlock();Extensions.WithComPointer<ID3D11Texture2D>(_d3d11Texture, (Action<IntPtr>)delegate (nint p){RenderWindow.BlitToTexture(p, IntPtr.Zero);});}}private void CompositionTarget_Rendering(object? sender, EventArgs e){_d3d11ImageSource.RequestRender();_readyForRendering = false;}private void RenderWindowControl_SizeChanged(object sender, SizeChangedEventArgs e){_readyForRendering = true;RenderWindow.SetSize((int)base.ActualWidth, (int)base.ActualHeight);_d3d11ImageSource.SetPixelSize((int)base.ActualWidth, (int)base.ActualHeight);}private void RenderWindowControl_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e){if (PresentationSource.FromVisual(this) is HwndSource hwndSource){_d3d11ImageSource.WindowOwner = hwndSource.Handle;}RenderWindow.SetSize((int)base.DesiredSize.Width, (int)base.DesiredSize.Height);_d3d11ImageSource.SetPixelSize((int)base.DesiredSize.Width, (int)base.DesiredSize.Height);}}
}