Android在kts中简单使用AIDL

AIDL相信做Android都有所了解，跨进程通信会经常使用，这里就不展开讲解原理跨进程通信的方式了，最近项目换成kts的方式，于是把aidl也换成了统一的方式，其中遇到了很多问题，这里记录一下，直接上代码.

1.在groovy创建aidl文件：

在Groovy中是可以直接创建aidl文件的

2.生成的aidl文件如下：

interface IMyService {/*** Demonstrates some basic types that you can use as parameters* and return values in AIDL.*/void basicTypes(int anInt, long aLong, boolean aBoolean, float aFloat,double aDouble, String aString);int add(int a, int b);
}

3.创建一个服务端Service：

MyService

package com.example.aidltestdemo;import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;import androidx.annotation.Nullable;/*** @author: njb* @date: 2025/3/20 17:47* @desc: 描述*/
public class MyService extends Service {private final IMyService.Stub mBinder = new IMyService.Stub() {@Overridepublic void basicTypes(int anInt, long aLong, boolean aBoolean, float aFloat, double aDouble, String aString) throws RemoteException {}@Overridepublic int add(int a, int b) throws RemoteException {return a + b;}};@Nullable@Overridepublic IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {return mBinder;}
}

4.注册服务：

<serviceandroid:name=".MyService"android:enabled="true"android:exported="true"><intent-filter><action android:name="com.example.aidltestdemo.IMyService" /></intent-filter>
</service>

5.客户端代码：

package com.example.aidltestdemo;import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;import androidx.activity.EdgeToEdge;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.graphics.Insets;
import androidx.core.view.ViewCompat;
import androidx.core.view.WindowInsetsCompat;import com.google.android.material.snackbar.Snackbar;public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {private IMyService mService;private TextView textView;private static final  String TAG = "AIDlDemo";private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {@Overridepublic void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {mService = IMyService.Stub.asInterface(service);try {int result = mService.add(10086, 10010);Log.d(TAG,"---获取到的数据为---: " + result);Snackbar.make(textView,"获取到的数据为: " + result,Snackbar.LENGTH_SHORT).show();} catch (RemoteException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}@Overridepublic void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {mService = null;}};@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);initView();}private void initService() {Intent intent = new Intent();intent.setAction("com.example.aidltestdemo.IMyService");intent.setPackage("com.example.aidltestdemo");bindService(intent, mConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);}private void initView() {textView = findViewById(R.id.textView);textView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View v) {initService();}});}@Overrideprotected void onDestroy() {super.onDestroy();unbindService(mConnection);}
}

6.布局文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"android:id="@+id/main"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="match_parent"tools:context=".MainActivity"><TextViewandroid:id="@+id/textView"android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:text="aidl简单测试"app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" /></androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

7.在kts中使用aidl:

如果是使用kts的方式默认创建aidl文件时提示没有配置创建不了，这就和之前有很大的区别。

8.在build.gradle添加配置:

再次创建aidl发现按钮是可以点击的，配置是有效果的。

9.新创建后的aidl文件：

9.1 服务端代码如下：

package com.example.aidldemo.serverimport android.app.Service
import android.content.Intent
import android.os.IBinder
import android.os.RemoteException
import com.example.aidldemo.aidl.IMyTestServer/*** @author: njb* @date: 2025/3/19 23:24* @desc: 描述*/
class MyTestService : Service() {private val mBinder: IMyTestServer.Stub = object : IMyTestServer.Stub() {@Throws(RemoteException::class)override fun basicTypes(anInt: Int,aLong: Long,aBoolean: Boolean,aFloat: Float,aDouble: Double,aString: String) {}@Throws(RemoteException::class)override fun add(a: Int, b: Int): Int {return a + b}}override fun onBind(intent: Intent): IBinder? {return mBinder}
}

9.2 注册服务：

<service android:name=".server.MyTestService"android:process=":remote"android:enabled="true"android:exported="true">

9.3 客户端代码：

package com.example.aidldemo.aidlimport android.content.ComponentName
import android.content.Intent
import android.content.ServiceConnection
import android.os.Bundle
import android.os.IBinder
import android.os.RemoteException
import android.util.Log
import android.view.View
import android.widget.Button
import android.widget.TextView
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
import com.example.aidldemo.R
import com.example.aidldemo.server.MyTestService
import com.google.android.material.snackbar.Snackbarclass MainActivity : AppCompatActivity(){private lateinit var mTvBind: TextViewprivate val TAG = MainActivity::class.java.nameprivate var testServer: IMyTestServer ?=nullprivate val mConnection: ServiceConnection = object : ServiceConnection {override fun onServiceConnected(name: ComponentName, service: IBinder) {testServer = IMyTestServer.Stub.asInterface(service)try {testServer?.let {val result: Int = it.add(188, 288)Log.d(TAG, "--结果为--: $result")Snackbar.make(mTvBind,"--获取到的数据为--: $result",Snackbar.LENGTH_SHORT).show()}} catch (rme: RemoteException) {rme.printStackTrace()}}override fun onServiceDisconnected(name: ComponentName) {try {testServer = null} catch (e: RemoteException) {e.printStackTrace()}}}override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)mTvBind = findViewById(R.id.tv_bind)mTvBind.setOnClickListener{val intent = Intent(this@MainActivity,MyTestService::class.java)bindService(intent, mConnection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE)}}override fun onDestroy() {super.onDestroy()if(testServer != null && testServer!!.asBinder().isBinderAlive){testServer = null}unbindService(mConnection)}}

10.新建一个Book服务：

// ICarManager.aidl
package com.example.aidldemo.aidl;
import com.example.aidldemo.aidl.Book;
import com.example.aidldemo.aidl.IOnNewBookAddListener;
// Declare any non-default types here with import statementsinterface IBookManager {/*** Demonstrates some basic types that you can use as parameters* and return values in AIDL.*/void basicTypes(int anInt, long aLong, boolean aBoolean, float aFloat,double aDouble, String aString);List<Book> getBookList();void addNewBook(in Book book);void registerListener(IOnNewBookAddListener listener);void unregisterListener(IOnNewBookAddListener listener);
}

11.新增Book列表数据接口：

// IOnNewCarAddListener.aidl
package com.example.aidldemo.aidl;
import com.example.aidldemo.aidl.Book;
// Declare any non-default types here with import statementsinterface IOnNewBookAddListener {/*** Demonstrates some basic types that you can use as parameters* and return values in AIDL.*/void basicTypes(int anInt, long aLong, boolean aBoolean, float aFloat,double aDouble, String aString);void onNewBookAdd(in Book newBook);
}

12.IBook接口：

interface IBook {/*** Demonstrates some basic types that you can use as parameters* and return values in AIDL.*/void basicTypes(int anInt, long aLong, boolean aBoolean, float aFloat,double aDouble, String aString);
}

13.注册服务：

<service android:name=".server.BookManagerService"android:process=":remote"android:enabled="true"android:exported="true">
</service>

14.客户端Book测试代码：

package com.example.aidldemo.aidlimport android.content.ComponentName
import android.content.Intent
import android.content.ServiceConnection
import android.os.Bundle
import android.os.IBinder
import android.os.RemoteException
import android.util.Log
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
import androidx.appcompat.widget.AppCompatTextView
import com.example.aidldemo.R
import com.example.aidldemo.databinding.ActivityMainBinding
import com.example.aidldemo.server.BookManagerService/*** @author: njb* @date:   2025/3/22 19:27* @desc:   描述*/
class BookTestActivity :AppCompatActivity(){private val TAG: String = "TestActivity"private var bookManager: IBookManager? = nullprivate lateinit var binding:ActivityMainBindingprivate val mConnection: ServiceConnection = object : ServiceConnection {override fun onServiceConnected(name: ComponentName, service: IBinder) {bookManager = IBookManager.Stub.asInterface(service)try {bookManager?.let {val books = it.getBookList()if (books != null && books.isNotEmpty()) {Log.d(TAG, " -- onServiceConnected -- book:$books")}it.registerListener(clientListener)}} catch (e: RemoteException) {e.printStackTrace()}}override fun onServiceDisconnected(name: ComponentName) {try {bookManager?.unregisterListener(clientListener)} catch (e: RemoteException) {e.printStackTrace()}}}private val clientListener: IOnNewBookAddListener = object : IOnNewBookAddListener.Stub() {@Throws(RemoteException::class)override fun basicTypes(anInt: Int,aLong: Long,aBoolean: Boolean,aFloat: Float,aDouble: Double,aString: String) {}@Throws(RemoteException::class)override fun onNewBookAdd(newBook: Book) {Log.d(TAG, " -- onNewBookAdd -- newBook:$newBook")}}override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)binding = ActivityMainBinding.inflate(layoutInflater)setContentView(binding.root)binding.tvBind.setOnClickListener{val intent = Intent(this@BookTestActivity, BookManagerService::class.java)bindService(intent, mConnection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE)}binding.tvGet.setOnClickListener{try {val books = bookManager!!.bookListif (books != null && books.isNotEmpty()) {Log.d(TAG, " -- onClick -- books:$books")}} catch (e: Exception) {e.printStackTrace()}}binding.tvAdd.setOnClickListener{try {bookManager?.let {it.addNewBook(Book(1003, "计算机组成原理"))it.addNewBook(Book(1004, "操作系统"))}} catch (e: RemoteException) {e.printStackTrace()}}}override fun onDestroy() {super.onDestroy()if (bookManager != null && bookManager!!.asBinder().isBinderAlive) {try {bookManager?.unregisterListener(clientListener)} catch (e: RemoteException) {e.printStackTrace()}}unbindService(mConnection)}
}

15.普通实体类序列化:

package com.example.aidldemo.aidl;import android.os.Parcel;
import android.os.Parcelable;import androidx.annotation.NonNull;/*** @author: njb* @date: 2025/3/19 23:22* @desc: 描述*/
public class Book implements Parcelable {private int id;private String name;public Book(int id, String name){this.id = id;this.name = name;}protected Book(Parcel in) {id = in.readInt();name = in.readString();}public int getId() {return id;}public void setId(int id) {this.id = id;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public static final Creator<Book> CREATOR = new Creator<Book>() {@Overridepublic Book createFromParcel(Parcel in) {return new Book(in);}@Overridepublic Book[] newArray(int size) {return new Book[size];}};@Overridepublic int describeContents() {return 0;}@Overridepublic void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {dest.writeInt(id);dest.writeString(name);}@NonNull@Overridepublic String toString() {return String.format("[id:%d, name:%s]",id, name);}}

16.使用Parcelize序列化:

16.1 在app的build.gradle目录添加插件配置：

plugins {alias(libs.plugins.android.application)alias(libs.plugins.jetbrains.kotlin.android)id ("kotlin-parcelize")
}

16.2 实体类使用Parcelize方式:

和普通的方式对比发现代码简洁了很多，而且使用很方便，大大减少了开发人员的工作，当然我们要搞懂其原理才能达到事半功倍的效果，要不然只是会使用，而不知道为啥这么使用及使用他的优势和原理，对自身成长有限.

@Parcelize
data class Book(val id: Int,val name:String
):Parcelable

16.3 在libs.versions.toml添加如下插件：

jetbrains-kotlin-parcelize = { id = "org.jetbrains.kotlin.plugin.parcelize", version.ref = "kotlin" }

16.4 在项目build.gradle添加配置：

plugins {alias(libs.plugins.android.application) apply falsealias(libs.plugins.jetbrains.kotlin.android) apply falsealias(libs.plugins.jetbrains.kotlin.parcelize) apply false
}

16.5 在app的build.gradle配置:

plugins {alias(libs.plugins.android.application)alias(libs.plugins.jetbrains.kotlin.android)alias(libs.plugins.jetbrains.kotlin.parcelize)
}

17.Parcelable的优势如下：

• 高效性能：相比Serializable，Parcelable在序列化和反序列化过程中更加高效，因为它避免了反射的开销。
• 跨进程传输：Parcelable适用于在不同进程之间传输数据，例如在Android中，我们可以将Parcelable对象传递给另一个应用程序组件。
• 灵活性：Parcelable允许我们选择性地序列化对象的某些字段，而不是整个对象，这在某些情况下可以提高性能和减少传输的数据量。

18.遇到问题如下：

18.1 项目编译失败:

创建的Book服务和Book实例不在一个目录导致编译失败

18.2 把两个类放同一目录编译成功：

18.3 添加Parcelize插件依赖报错：

18.4 在build.gradle.kts添加以下配置:

plugins {alias(libs.plugins.android.application)alias(libs.plugins.jetbrains.kotlin.android)id ("kotlin-parcelize")
}

18.5 使用Version Catalog方式：

[plugins]
android-application = { id = "com.android.application", version.ref = "agp" }
jetbrains-kotlin-android = { id = "org.jetbrains.kotlin.android", version.ref = "kotlin" }
jetbrains-kotlin-parcelize = { id = "org.jetbrains.kotlin.plugin.parcelize", version.ref = "kotlin" }

plugins {alias(libs.plugins.android.application) apply falsealias(libs.plugins.jetbrains.kotlin.android) apply falsealias(libs.plugins.jetbrains.kotlin.parcelize) apply false
}

plugins {alias(libs.plugins.android.application)alias(libs.plugins.jetbrains.kotlin.android)alias(libs.plugins.jetbrains.kotlin.parcelize)
}

19.实现的效果如下：

20.日志打印如下：

o                 D  Installing profile for com.example.aidldemo
2025-03-23 20:26:39.912  4722-4722  TestActivity            com.example.aidldemo                 D   -- onServiceConnected -- book:[Book(id=1001, name=Java入门到精通)]
---------------------------- PROCESS STARTED (4797) for package com.example.aidldemo ----------------------------
2025-03-23 20:26:42.911  4722-4741  TestActivity            com.example.aidldemo                 D   -- onNewBookAdd -- newBook:Book(id=1002, name=C++程序设计)
2025-03-23 20:27:24.033  4722-4722  TestActivity            com.example.aidldemo                 D   -- onClick -- books:[Book(id=1001, name=Java入门到精通), Book(id=1002, name=C++程序设计)]
2025-03-23 20:27:39.776  4722-4722  TestActivity            com.example.aidldemo                 D   -- onNewBookAdd -- newBook:Book(id=1003, name=计算机组成原理)
2025-03-23 20:27:39.777  4722-4722  TestActivity            com.example.aidldemo                 D   -- onNewBookAdd -- newBook:Book(id=1004, name=操作系统)

21.总结：

• 使用kts的方式需要先使用buildFeatures配置aidl.
• 使用Parcelize序列化数据很简单方便.
• 要注意创建aidl文件的目录和包名这些在同一目录.
• 使用Version Catalog方式要主要依赖配置的方式.
• 感兴趣的小伙伴可以自己尝试一下，后面会讲解aidl如何传输大文件.

22.源码如下：

https://gitee.com/jackning_admin/aidl-test-demo