从零搭建React全家桶框架教程：快速搭建react+react-router+redux项目

搭建基本的react项目

我们使用create-react-app(npm要全局安装create-react-app)快速创建一个react项目：

npx create-react-app my-app
cd my-app
npm start

启动成功后，就可以看到react的页面啦。接下来我们稍稍调整下项目的目录结构和页面内容，新增About页面。

在src目录下新建pages目录，用来放置前端页面。新建App目录，将原来App.js和App.css移动进去，注意这两个文件引入路径的修改。

项目目录结构图
在src目录下新增Home页面和About页面（后面用到）

// 路径：/src/pages/Home/Home.js
import React from 'react'const Home = () => (<div><h1>Home Page</h1><p>这是Home页面</p></div>
)export default Home

// 路径：/src/pages/About/About.js
import React from 'react'const About = () => (<div><h1>About Page</h1><p>这是About页面</p></div>
)export default About

接入react-router

接下来，我们开始在项目中接入react-router，通过npm指令安装"react-router"和"react-router-dom"：

npm i -S react-router react-router-dom

我们修改一下/src/pages/App/App.js和/src/index.js的内容：

// /src/pages/App/App.js
import React from 'react'
import { Route, Link } from 'react-router-dom'
import Home from '../Home/Home'
import About from '../About/About'const App = () => (<div><header><Link to="/">Home</Link>&nbsp;<Link to="/about">About</Link></header><main><Route exact path="/" component={Home} /><Route exact path="/about" component={About} /></main></div>
)
export default App

// /src/index.js
// ...省略代码
import { Router } from "react-router";
import { createBrowserHistory } from "history";
const history = createBrowserHistory();
// ...省略代码
<Router history={history}><App />
</Router>
// ...省略代码

这样我们就配置好了react-router，执行npm start命令，在浏览器中查看页面，点击Home展示Home页面，点击About展示About页面

react路由配置成功后预览页面

接入redux

接下来，我们在项目中接入redux，首先通过npm安装以下依赖：

npm i react-redux redux redux-thunk connected-react-router

在src目录下新建modules目录，这个目录用来存放reducer相关的文件，新建counter.js和index.js

// /src/modules/counter.js
export const INCREMENT_REQUESTED = 'counter/INCREMENT_REQUESTED'
export const INCREMENT = 'counter/INCREMENT'
export const DECREMENT_REQUESTED = 'counter/DECREMENT_REQUESTED'
export const DECREMENT = 'counter/DECREMENT'const initialState = {count: 0,isIncrementing: false,isDecrementing: false
}export default (state = initialState, action) => {switch (action.type) {case INCREMENT_REQUESTED:return {...state,isIncrementing: true}case INCREMENT:return {...state,count: state.count + 1,isIncrementing: !state.isIncrementing}case DECREMENT_REQUESTED:return {...state,isDecrementing: true}case DECREMENT:return {...state,count: state.count - 1,isDecrementing: !state.isDecrementing}default:return state}
}export const increment = () => {return dispatch => {dispatch({type: INCREMENT_REQUESTED})dispatch({type: INCREMENT})}
}export const incrementAsync = () => {return dispatch => {dispatch({type: INCREMENT_REQUESTED})return setTimeout(() => {dispatch({type: INCREMENT})}, 3000)}
}export const decrement = () => {return dispatch => {dispatch({type: DECREMENT_REQUESTED})dispatch({type: DECREMENT})}
}export const decrementAsync = () => {return dispatch => {dispatch({type: DECREMENT_REQUESTED})return setTimeout(() => {dispatch({type: DECREMENT})}, 3000)}
}

// /src/modules/index.js
import { combineReducers } from 'redux'
import counter from './counter'
import { connectRouter } from 'connected-react-router'const createRootReducer = (history)=> combineReducers({counter,router: connectRouter(history)})export default createRootReducer

// /src/store.js
import { createStore, applyMiddleware, compose } from 'redux'
import { routerMiddleware } from 'connected-react-router'
import thunk from 'redux-thunk'
import * as History from 'history'
import createRootReducer from './modules'export const history = History.createBrowserHistory()const initialState = {}
const enhancers = []
const middleware = [thunk, routerMiddleware(history)]if (process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development') {const devToolsExtension = window.__REDUX_DEVTOOLS_EXTENSION__if (typeof devToolsExtension === 'function') {enhancers.push(devToolsExtension())}
}const composedEnhancers = compose(applyMiddleware(...middleware),...enhancers
)export default createStore(createRootReducer(history),initialState,composedEnhancers
)

修改下/src/index.js的内容：

// /src/index.js
// ...省略代码
import { Provider } from 'react-redux'
import { ConnectedRouter } from 'connected-react-router'
import store, { history } from './store'
// ...省略代码
<Provider store={store}><ConnectedRouter history={history}><App /></ConnectedRouter>
</Provider>
// ...省略代码

在Home页和About页中接入redux

// 修改 /src/pages/Home/Home.js
import React from 'react'
import { push } from 'connected-react-router'
import { bindActionCreators } from 'redux'
import { connect } from 'react-redux'
import {increment,incrementAsync,decrement,decrementAsync
} from '../../modules/counter'const Home = props => (<div><h1>Home</h1><p>Count: {props.count}</p><p><button onClick={props.increment}>Increment</button><button onClick={props.incrementAsync} disabled={props.isIncrementing}>Increment Async</button></p><p><button onClick={props.decrement}>Decrement</button><button onClick={props.decrementAsync} disabled={props.isDecrementing}>Decrement Async</button></p><p><button onClick={() => props.changePage()}>Go to about page via redux</button></p></div>
)const mapStateToProps = ({ counter }) => ({count: counter.count,isIncrementing: counter.isIncrementing,isDecrementing: counter.isDecrementing
})const mapDispatchToProps = dispatch =>bindActionCreators({increment,incrementAsync,decrement,decrementAsync,changePage: () => push('/about')},dispatch)export default connect(mapStateToProps,mapDispatchToProps
)(Home)

// 修改 /src/pages/About/About.js
import React from 'react'
import { connect } from 'react-redux'const About = (props) => (<div><h1>About Page</h1><p>这是About页面</p><p>count计数：{props.count}</p></div>
)const mapStateToProps = ({ counter }) => ({count: counter.count
})export default connect(mapStateToProps
)(About)

到此，一个react+react-router+redux的基本项目就已经配置完成了，接下来就可以做更深层次的业务开发了。

结尾

本文中没有对react-router和redux做什么原理性和概念性的介绍，纯粹作为傻瓜式的教程，由react基本项目，到接入react-router，最后接入redux完成一个基本的react全家桶项目搭建，目的是让初学者能够体验一下完整的react全家桶基本项目。在本教程中如果有什么问题，可以留言哦。
如果想要深入理解react、react-router和redux的知识，建议去官网阅读文档深入学习。
最后，在业余时间编写了一个快速构建react全家桶项目模板、vue2.x全家桶项目模板和、vue3项目模板的npm脚手架fast-project，希望大家能够下载体验，给出一些建议吶~

番外

之前的教程是搭建一个常见jsx版react项目，最近在新项目中使用了ts语言，组件编写全面拥抱了hooks，redux使用reduxjs/toolkit，而不是thunk。新的项目模板地址https://gitee.com/duchengdong/react-ts-template.git，同时也已经添加到了fast-project快速搭建项目脚手架里。

最后编辑于：2022-01-02 11:40