目录
- 课程介绍
- 【第二阶段】系统学习 - 发音技巧（下）
- 同化
- 失去爆破
- 鼻腔爆破
- 缩读
- 弱读（功能词）
- 弱读（缩写）
课程介绍
在这个系列中，我们将依次学习如下内容：
- 【第一阶段】简单入门：自然拼读
- 【第二阶段】系统学习：音标 + 音节 + 发音技巧 + 节奏语调
- 【第三阶段】强化训练&反复训练
其中第二阶段是重点，我们将学习：音标、音节、重读音节、浊化现象、闪音（flap t&d)、词尾 s、es 的发音、词尾 ed 的发音、连读：辅音+元音型、连读：r/re+元音型、连读：h击穿音型、连读：元音+元音型、连读：辅音+辅音型、失去爆破、鼻腔爆破、缩读、弱读（功能词）、弱读（缩写）等具体内容。
注意，课程是文字版，具体发音可以通过在线词典（如有道词典）进行发音练习。
【第二阶段】系统学习 - 发音技巧（下）
同化
在较快语速中，前后两个词连续，语音相互影响而产生的语音变化
/t/, /d/, /s/, /z/ + /j/
/t/+/j/=/tf/
Don’t you
Didn’t you
Can’t you
Let you go
Nice to meet you.
/d/+/j/=/dʒ/
What would you like?
Did you like it?
Could you help me?
/s/+/j/=/ʃ/
I miss you.
Bless you.
/z/+/j/=/ʒ/
How was your trip?
How’s your mother?
Who’s your brother?
失去爆破
爆破音：/p/-/b/, /t/-/d/, /k/-/g/
- 通过口腔中中的某一部位形成障碍，堵住气流
- 流冲破障碍发声
失去爆破？
只做好堵住气流的动作，然后不让气流爆破出来。即动嘴不出气、动嘴不发音
什么情况下使用？
- 当爆破音后面遇到其他辅音
- 该现象可以出现两个单词之间，也可以在单个单词里出现
Sit down
At last
Get through
Good morning
Good night
Bad guy
Stop talking
Job market
Big boy
Make sure
单个单词中：picture, blackboard, notebook, goodbye, handbag, doctor, breakfast
注意，还有另外一种情况，即以 -tly, -tely, -dly 结尾的单词，/t/会失去爆破
Lately
Recently
Badly
Greatly
Absolutely
Definitely
Compeletely
最后，当爆破音出现在句子末尾，也可以进行失去爆破
I like it.
Tell me about it.
习惯使用失去爆破将使发音更加省力、自然。
鼻腔爆破
当爆破音后紧跟鼻辅音，气流从鼻腔爆破出来，而不是口腔
/-tn/
/-dn/
一般来说，上述两个需要做两次抵住上齿龈的动作，这是不必要的
可以简单理解为我们可以把t和d忽略
Certain
Britain
Martin
mountain
curtain
written
Important
kitten
mitten
sentence
Student
Suddenly
Garden
Hidden
Forbidden
Didn’t
Couldn’t
Wouldn’t
Shouldn’t
这个现象在口语交流中经常会遇到，多加练习可以在别人使用时能够听得懂
缩读
类型一
I am I’m
She is she’s
He is he’s
It is it’s
You are you’re（注意，和 your 发音一样）
We are we’re
They are they’re（注意，和 there, their 发音一样）
类型二
I have I’ve: /v/
You have you’ve
We have we’ve
They have they’ve
Should have should’ve: /əv/
Could have could’ve
would have would’ve
Might have might’ve
She has she’s（注意，和she is 一样）
He has he’s
It has it’s
类型三
I will i’ll
You will you’ll
She will she’ll
He will he’ll
It will it’ll（注意有闪音现象）
We Will we’ll
They will they’ll
That will that’ll（注意有闪音现象）
类型四
I would/had i’d
You would/had you’d
She would/had she’d
We would/had we’d
类型五
Is not isn’t
Are not aren’t
Was not wasn’t
Were not weren’t
Do not don’t
Does not doesn’t
Did not didn’t（注意有鼻腔爆破现象）
Have not haven’t
类型六
Want to =wanna
Got to =gotta（有闪音现象）=意义一般等同于have to
Going to =gonna
Have to =hafta: I hafta do it.
Has to =hasta: she hasta leave.
Ought to =oughta（有闪音现象）
Need to =needa: I needa know.
类型七
Kind of =kinda
Sort of =sorta: she is sorta tired.
Out of =outta: I am outta time.
A lot of =a lotta: I have lotta time.
Lots of =lotsa: she has lotsa money.
其他类型
Let me =lemme
Give me =gimme
Don’t know =dunno
缩读只是相对口语化的表达，在书面语时切勿使用。
弱读（功能词）
这是特别能够提升口语流利度的一个现象
先学习一下单词分类：
- 实义词：Content words，主要是名词、动词、形容词、副词
- 功能词：function words，起到语法连接作用，如代词、冠词、介词、连词、助动词、情态动词等
这些动能词正是可以被弱读的部分。
如何弱读？
一般就是把某个单词中的元音弱化成非中央元音/ə/。所以也叫央化
[to]
一般是 /tuː/ = /tə/
Nice to meet you.
to如果紧跟在元音或者浊辅音后面/tuː/ = /də/
He told me to help.
It’s the only way to do it.
I go to work.
[at]
/æt/ = /ət/
I’m at home.
Waiting at the door.
We’ll meet you at lunch.
[for]
/fɔːr/ = /fɚ/ 从双元音变成了单元音。没有/ə/？其实可以理解为是/ər/
This is for you.
For example.
[of]
/ɑːv/ = /əv/
A cup of coffee.
Get out of here.
Practice all of the time.
[from]
/frɑːm/ = /frəm/
Where are you from?
I’m from china.
[and]
/ænd/ = /ənd/ = /ən/ = /n/
You and me
Up and down
Back and forth
Again and again
Over and over
[or]
ɔːr/ /ɚ/ 没有/ə/？其实可以理解为是/ər/
Right or wrong
Super or salad
More or less
[an]
æn/ = /ən/
He’s an american.
It’s an easy mistake to make.
[because]
/bɪ’kɔz/ = /bɪ’kəz/ = cuz /kəz/
[as]
/æz/ = /əz/
As soon as posible
[than]
/ðæn/ = /ðən/
She is better than me.
[but]
/bʌt/ = /bət/
It’s old but useful.
[are]
/ɑːr/ = /ɚ/ 没有/ə/？其实可以理解为是/ər/
What are you doing?
How are you?
[was]
/wʌz/ = /wəz/
How was it?
That was great!
[were]
/wɚ/ = /wə/
What were you doing?
[your]
/jʊr/ = /jɚ/
What’s your name?
How’s your family? 注意有同化现象 /z/+/j/=/ʒ/
[their]
/ðer/ = /ðɚ/
That is their room.
[you]
/juː/ = /jə/
See you.
Got you. 注意有同化现象 /t/+/j/=/tf/
[us]
/ʌs/ = /əs/
Will you go with us?
[them]
/ðem/ = /ðəm/
Most of them. 注意th可以做击穿处理
Don’t argue with them.
[him]
/hɪm/ = /həm/
I told him not to go.
[her]
/hɜːr/ = /hɚr/
I wanna see her.
[do]
/duː/ = /də/
What do you want.
[does]
/dʌz/ = /dəz/
How does it work?
[have]
/hæv/ = /həv/
Have you been to Shanghai?
[has]
has /hæz/ = /həz/
She has gone.
[had]
/hæd/ = /həd/
Tom had already left.
[can]
/kæn/ = /kən/
Can you do it?
I can do it.
[could]
/kʊd/ = /kəd/
I wish I could help you.
[would]
/wʊd = /wəd/
What would you like to drink?
Why would I tell her?
[mast]
/mʌz/ = /məz/
I must go now.
[shall]
/ʃæl/ = /ʃəl/
Shall we go?
[what]
/wɑːt/ = /wət/
What time is it?
What do you mean?
What’s up?
[that]
/ðæt/ = /ðət/
Thell her that I miss her.
[some]
/sʌm/ = /səm/
I need some water.
弱读（缩写）
i’ll
/aɪl/ = /əl/
You’ll
/juːl/ = /jəl/
We‘ll
/wiːl/ = /wəl/
You’re
/jʊr/ = /jɚ/
We’re
/wiːr/ = /wɚ/
They’re
/ðer/ = /ðɚ/
It’s
/ɪts/ = /ts/
I’m
/aɪm/ = /m/
Tips：这里除了 It’s 和 I’m 有省略现象，如下用法也存在：
What’s up!
Excuse me.
Of course.
