SpringCloud Alibaba之Seata处理分布式事务

(学习笔记,必用必考)

问题:@Transactional 的9种失效场景?

1、介绍

1.1、简介

官网地址:Apache Seata

源码地址:Releases · apache/incubator-seata · GitHub 

Seata是一款开源的分布式事务解决方案,致力于在微服务架构下提供高性能和简单易用的分布式事务服务。

 

1.2、Seata的工作流程 

Seata的工作流程:纵观整个分布式事务的管理,就是全局事务ID的传递和变更,要让开发者无感知

(1)Seata对分布式事务的协调和控制,就是1+3

1个XID:XID是全局事务的唯一标识,它可以在服务的调用链路中传递,绑定到服务的事务上下文中。

3个概念(TC、TM、RM):

TC (Transaction Coordinator) - 事务协调者​

维护全局和分支事务的状态,驱动全局事务提交或回滚。

TM (Transaction Manager) - 事务管理器​

定义全局事务的范围:开始全局事务、提交或回滚全局事务。

RM (Resource Manager) - 资源管理器​

管理分支事务处理的资源,与TC交谈以注册分支事务和报告分支事务的状态,并驱动分支事务提交或回滚。

TC→TM→RM

TC:就是Seata,负责维护全局事务和分支事务的状态,驱动全局事务提交或回滚。

TM:标注全局@GlobalTransactional启动入口动作的微服务模块 (比如订单模块),它是事务的发起者,负责定义全局事务的范围,并根据​TC 维护的全局事务和分支事务状态,做出开始事务、提交事务、回滚事务的决议

RM:就是mysql数据库本身,可以是多个RM,负责管理分支事务上的资源,向TC​注册分支事务,汇报分支事务状态,驱动分支事务的提交或回滚

(2)总结:

1、TM 向 TC 申请开启一个全局事务,全局事务创建成功并生成一个全局唯一的 XID;
2、XID 在微服务调用链路的上下文中传播;
3、RM 向 TC 注册分支事务,将其纳入 XID 对应全局事务的管辖;
4、TM 向 TC 发起针对 XID 的全局提交或回滚决议;
5、TC 调度 XID 下管辖的全部分支事务完成提交或回滚请求。 

 

(3)Seata模式

 

2、下载安装

下载地址:Seata Java Download | Apache Seata

下载版本:Release v2.0.0(Not Apache release) · apache/incubator-seata · GitHub  

 

Seata参数官网参考:参数配置 | Apache Seata 

2.1、mysql数据库建库建表

CREATE DATABASE seata;USE seata;

建表地址:incubator-seata/script/server/db/mysql.sql at develop · apache/incubator-seata · GitHub 

-- -------------------------------- The script used when storeMode is 'db' --------------------------------
-- the table to store GlobalSession data
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `global_table`
(`xid`                       VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,`transaction_id`            BIGINT,`status`                    TINYINT      NOT NULL,`application_id`            VARCHAR(32),`transaction_service_group` VARCHAR(32),`transaction_name`          VARCHAR(128),`timeout`                   INT,`begin_time`                BIGINT,`application_data`          VARCHAR(2000),`gmt_create`                DATETIME,`gmt_modified`              DATETIME,PRIMARY KEY (`xid`),KEY `idx_status_gmt_modified` (`status` , `gmt_modified`),KEY `idx_transaction_id` (`transaction_id`)
) ENGINE = InnoDBDEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;-- the table to store BranchSession data
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `branch_table`
(`branch_id`         BIGINT       NOT NULL,`xid`               VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,`transaction_id`    BIGINT,`resource_group_id` VARCHAR(32),`resource_id`       VARCHAR(256),`branch_type`       VARCHAR(8),`status`            TINYINT,`client_id`         VARCHAR(64),`application_data`  VARCHAR(2000),`gmt_create`        DATETIME(6),`gmt_modified`      DATETIME(6),PRIMARY KEY (`branch_id`),KEY `idx_xid` (`xid`)
) ENGINE = InnoDBDEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;-- the table to store lock data
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `lock_table`
(`row_key`        VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,`xid`            VARCHAR(128),`transaction_id` BIGINT,`branch_id`      BIGINT       NOT NULL,`resource_id`    VARCHAR(256),`table_name`     VARCHAR(32),`pk`             VARCHAR(36),`status`         TINYINT      NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '0:locked ,1:rollbacking',`gmt_create`     DATETIME,`gmt_modified`   DATETIME,PRIMARY KEY (`row_key`),KEY `idx_status` (`status`),KEY `idx_branch_id` (`branch_id`),KEY `idx_xid` (`xid`)
) ENGINE = InnoDBDEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `distributed_lock`
(`lock_key`       CHAR(20) NOT NULL,`lock_value`     VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,`expire`         BIGINT,primary key (`lock_key`)
) ENGINE = InnoDBDEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;INSERT INTO `distributed_lock` (lock_key, lock_value, expire) VALUES ('AsyncCommitting', ' ', 0);
INSERT INTO `distributed_lock` (lock_key, lock_value, expire) VALUES ('RetryCommitting', ' ', 0);
INSERT INTO `distributed_lock` (lock_key, lock_value, expire) VALUES ('RetryRollbacking', ' ', 0);
INSERT INTO `distributed_lock` (lock_key, lock_value, expire) VALUES ('TxTimeoutCheck', ' ', 0);

 

2.2、Seata配置

修改seata-server-2.0.0\conf\application.yml配置文件 (改之前先备份)

 

改好的配置:

#  Copyright 1999-2019 Seata.io Group.
#
#  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
#  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
#  limitations under the License.server:port: 7091spring:application:name: seata-serverlogging:config: classpath:logback-spring.xmlfile:path: ${log.home:${user.home}/logs/seata}extend:logstash-appender:destination: 127.0.0.1:4560kafka-appender:bootstrap-servers: 127.0.0.1:9092topic: logback_to_logstashconsole:user:username: seatapassword: seataseata:config:type: nacosnacos:server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848namespace:group: SEATA_GROUP #后续自己在nacos里面新建,不想新建SEATA_GROUP,就写DEFAULT_GROUPusername: nacospassword: nacosregistry:type: nacosnacos:application: seata-serverserver-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848group: SEATA_GROUP #后续自己在nacos里面新建,不想新建SEATA_GROUP,就写DEFAULT_GROUPnamespace:cluster: defaultusername: nacospassword: nacos    store:mode: dbdb:datasource: druiddb-type: mysqldriver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driverurl: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/seata?characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&rewriteBatchedStatements=true&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=trueuser: rootpassword: 123456min-conn: 10max-conn: 100global-table: global_tablebranch-table: branch_tablelock-table: lock_tabledistributed-lock-table: distributed_lockquery-limit: 1000max-wait: 5000#  server:#    service-port: 8091 #If not configured, the default is '${server.port} + 1000'security:secretKey: SeataSecretKey0c382ef121d778043159209298fd40bf3850a017tokenValidityInMilliseconds: 1800000ignore:urls: /,/**/*.css,/**/*.js,/**/*.html,/**/*.map,/**/*.svg,/**/*.png,/**/*.jpeg,/**/*.ico,/api/v1/auth/login,/metadata/v1/**

2.3、运行

先启动nacos,再执行seata-server.bat命令

 

访问地址:http://localhost:7091 

账号和密码都是:seata 

3、Seata案例实战(AT模式)

3.1、数据库和表准备

3.1.1、案例业务说明

创建三个服务,一个订单服务,一个库存服务,一个账户服务。

当用户下单时,会在订单服务中创建一个订单,然后通过远程调用库存服务来扣减下单商品的库存,

再通过远程调用账户服务来扣减用户账户里面的余额,

最后在订单服务中修改订单状态为已完成。该操作跨越三个数据库,有两次远程调用,很明显会有分布式事务问题。

下订单 → 减库存  → 扣余额  → 改(订单)状态

 

3.1.2、建库sql

seata_order:存储订单的数据库

seata_storage:存储库存的数据库

seata_account:存储账户信息的数据库

CREATE DATABASE seata_order;CREATE DATABASE seata_storage;CREATE DATABASE seata_account;
3.1.3、按照上述3库分别建对应的undo_log回滚日志表 

订单-库存-账户3个库下都需要建各自的undo_log 

官网sql地址:incubator-seata/script/client/at/db/mysql.sql at 2.x · apache/incubator-seata · GitHub

 AT模式专用,其它模式不需要

-- for AT mode you must to init this sql for you business database. the seata server not need it.
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `undo_log`
(`branch_id`     BIGINT       NOT NULL COMMENT 'branch transaction id',`xid`           VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL COMMENT 'global transaction id',`context`       VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL COMMENT 'undo_log context,such as serialization',`rollback_info` LONGBLOB     NOT NULL COMMENT 'rollback info',`log_status`    INT(11)      NOT NULL COMMENT '0:normal status,1:defense status',`log_created`   DATETIME(6)  NOT NULL COMMENT 'create datetime',`log_modified`  DATETIME(6)  NOT NULL COMMENT 'modify datetime',UNIQUE KEY `ux_undo_log` (`xid`, `branch_id`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 1 DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4 COMMENT ='AT transaction mode undo table';
ALTER TABLE `undo_log` ADD INDEX `ix_log_created` (`log_created`);

 

 

3.1.4、建表sql 

seata_order:存储订单的数据库

CREATE TABLE t_order(
`id` BIGINT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
`user_id` BIGINT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户id',
`product_id` BIGINT(11)DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '产品id',
`count` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '数量',
`money` DECIMAL(11,0) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '金额',
`status` INT(1) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '订单状态: 0:创建中; 1:已完结'
)ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
SELECT * FROM t_order;

seata_account:存储账户信息的数据库 

CREATE TABLE t_account(
`id` BIGINT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY COMMENT 'id',
`user_id` BIGINT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户id',
`total` DECIMAL(10,0) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '总额度',
`used` DECIMAL(10,0) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '已用账户余额',
`residue` DECIMAL(10,0) DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '剩余可用额度'
)ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
INSERT INTO t_account(`id`,`user_id`,`total`,`used`,`residue`)VALUES('1','1','1000','0','1000');
SELECT * FROM t_account;

seata_storage:存储库存的数据库 

CREATE TABLE t_storage(
`id` BIGINT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
`product_id` BIGINT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '产品id',
`total` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '总库存',
`used` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '已用库存',
`residue` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '剩余库存'
)ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;INSERT INTO t_storage(`id`,`product_id`,`total`,`used`,`residue`)VALUES('1','1','100','0','100');
SELECT * FROM t_storage;

最终数据库:

 

3.2、微服务编码实现

 

3.2.1、修改cloud-api-commons 

修改cloud-api-commons新增库存和账户两个Feign服务接口

package com.atguigu.cloud.apis;import com.atguigu.cloud.resp.ResultData;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;@FeignClient(value = "seata-storage-service")
public interface StorageFeignApi {/*** 扣减库存*/@PostMapping(value = "/storage/decrease")ResultData decrease(@RequestParam("productId") Long productId, @RequestParam("count") Integer count);
}
@FeignClient(value = "seata-account-service")
public interface AccountFeignApi {//扣减账户余额@PostMapping("/account/decrease")ResultData decrease(@RequestParam("userId") Long userId, @RequestParam("money") Long money);
}
3.2.2、新建订单Order微服务 

(1)新建Module seata-order-service2001

(2)pom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><parent><groupId>com.atguigu.cloud</groupId><artifactId>springcloud2024</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></parent><artifactId>seata-order-service2001</artifactId><properties><maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding></properties><dependencies><!-- nacos --><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId></dependency><!--alibaba-seata--><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata</artifactId></dependency><!--openfeign--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId></dependency><!--loadbalancer--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer</artifactId></dependency><!--cloud-api-commons--><dependency><groupId>com.atguigu.cloud</groupId><artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></dependency><!--web + actuator--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId></dependency><!--SpringBoot集成druid连接池--><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId></dependency><!-- Swagger3 调用方式 http://你的主机IP地址:5555/swagger-ui/index.html --><dependency><groupId>org.springdoc</groupId><artifactId>springdoc-openapi-starter-webmvc-ui</artifactId></dependency><!--mybatis和springboot整合--><dependency><groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId><artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId></dependency><!--Mysql数据库驱动8 --><dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId></dependency><!--persistence--><dependency><groupId>javax.persistence</groupId><artifactId>persistence-api</artifactId></dependency><!--通用Mapper4--><dependency><groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId><artifactId>mapper</artifactId></dependency><!--hutool--><dependency><groupId>cn.hutool</groupId><artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId></dependency><!-- fastjson2 --><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.fastjson2</groupId><artifactId>fastjson2</artifactId></dependency><!--lombok--><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><version>1.18.28</version><scope>provided</scope></dependency><!--test--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency></dependencies><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId></plugin></plugins></build></project>

(3)yaml

server:port: 2001spring:application:name: seata-order-servicecloud:nacos:discovery:server-addr: localhost:8848         #Nacos服务注册中心地址# ==========applicationName + druid-mysql8 driver===================datasource:type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourcedriver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driverurl: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/seata_order?characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&rewriteBatchedStatements=true&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=trueusername: rootpassword: 123456
# ========================mybatis===================
mybatis:mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xmltype-aliases-package: com.atguigu.cloud.entitiesconfiguration:map-underscore-to-camel-case: true# ========================seata===================
seata:registry:type: nacosnacos:server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848namespace: ""group: SEATA_GROUPapplication: seata-servertx-service-group: default_tx_group # 事务组,由它获得TC服务的集群名称service:vgroup-mapping: # 点击源码分析default_tx_group: default # 事务组与TC服务集群的映射关系data-source-proxy-mode: ATlogging:level:io:seata: info

(4)主启动类

@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("com.atguigu.cloud.mapper") //import tk.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
@EnableDiscoveryClient //服务注册和发现
@EnableFeignClients
public class SeataOrderMainApp2001 {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(SeataOrderMainApp2001.class, args);}
}

(5)业务类

package com.atguigu.cloud.service.impl;import com.atguigu.cloud.apis.AccountFeignApi;
import com.atguigu.cloud.apis.StorageFeignApi;
import com.atguigu.cloud.entities.Order;
import com.atguigu.cloud.mapper.OrderMapper;
import com.atguigu.cloud.service.OrderService;
import io.seata.core.context.RootContext;
import io.seata.spring.annotation.GlobalTransactional;
import jakarta.annotation.Resource;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import tk.mybatis.mapper.entity.Example;@Slf4j
@Service
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {@Resourceprivate OrderMapper orderMapper;@Resource//订单微服务通过OpenFeign去调用库存微服务private StorageFeignApi storageFeignApi;@Resource//订单微服务通过OpenFeign去调用账户微服务private AccountFeignApi accountFeignApi;@Override//@GlobalTransactional(name = "zzyy-create-order",rollbackFor = Exception.class) //ATpublic void create(Order order) {//xid检查String xid = RootContext.getXID();//1. 新建订单log.info("==================>开始新建订单" + "\t" + "xid_order:" + xid);//订单状态status:0:创建中;1:已完结order.setStatus(0);int result = orderMapper.insertSelective(order);//插入订单成功后获得插入mysql的实体对象Order orderFromDB = null;if (result > 0) {orderFromDB = orderMapper.selectOne(order);//orderFromDB = orderMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(order.getId());log.info("-------> 新建订单成功,orderFromDB info: " + orderFromDB);System.out.println();//2. 扣减库存log.info("-------> 订单微服务开始调用Storage库存,做扣减count");storageFeignApi.decrease(orderFromDB.getProductId(), orderFromDB.getCount());log.info("-------> 订单微服务结束调用Storage库存,做扣减完成");System.out.println();//3. 扣减账号余额log.info("-------> 订单微服务开始调用Account账号,做扣减money");accountFeignApi.decrease(orderFromDB.getUserId(), orderFromDB.getMoney());log.info("-------> 订单微服务结束调用Account账号,做扣减完成");System.out.println();//4. 修改订单状态//订单状态status:0:创建中;1:已完结log.info("-------> 修改订单状态");orderFromDB.setStatus(1);Example whereCondition = new Example(Order.class);Example.Criteria criteria = whereCondition.createCriteria();criteria.andEqualTo("userId", orderFromDB.getUserId());criteria.andEqualTo("status", 0);int updateResult = orderMapper.updateByExampleSelective(orderFromDB, whereCondition);log.info("-------> 修改订单状态完成" + "\t" + updateResult);log.info("-------> orderFromDB info: " + orderFromDB);}System.out.println();log.info("==================>结束新建订单" + "\t" + "xid_order:" + xid);}
}

(6)controller

@RestController
public class OrderController {@Resourceprivate OrderService orderService;/*** 创建订单*/@GetMapping("/order/create")public ResultData create(Order order) {orderService.create(order);return ResultData.success(order);}
}
3.2.3、新建库存Storage微服务

(1)新建Module: seata-storage-service2002

(2)pom 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><parent><groupId>com.atguigu.cloud</groupId><artifactId>springcloud2024</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></parent><artifactId>seata-storage-service2002</artifactId><properties><maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding></properties><dependencies><!-- nacos --><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId></dependency><!--alibaba-seata--><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata</artifactId></dependency><!--openfeign--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId></dependency><!--loadbalancer--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer</artifactId></dependency><!--cloud_commons_utils--><dependency><groupId>com.atguigu.cloud</groupId><artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></dependency><!--web + actuator--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId></dependency><!--SpringBoot集成druid连接池--><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId></dependency><!-- Swagger3 调用方式 http://你的主机IP地址:5555/swagger-ui/index.html --><dependency><groupId>org.springdoc</groupId><artifactId>springdoc-openapi-starter-webmvc-ui</artifactId></dependency><!--mybatis和springboot整合--><dependency><groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId><artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId></dependency><!--Mysql数据库驱动8 --><dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId></dependency><!--persistence--><dependency><groupId>javax.persistence</groupId><artifactId>persistence-api</artifactId></dependency><!--通用Mapper4--><dependency><groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId><artifactId>mapper</artifactId></dependency><!--hutool--><dependency><groupId>cn.hutool</groupId><artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId></dependency><!-- fastjson2 --><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.fastjson2</groupId><artifactId>fastjson2</artifactId></dependency><!--lombok--><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><version>1.18.28</version><scope>provided</scope></dependency><!--test--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency></dependencies><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId></plugin></plugins></build></project>

(3)yaml

server:port: 2002spring:application:name: seata-storage-servicecloud:nacos:discovery:server-addr: localhost:8848         #Nacos服务注册中心地址# ==========applicationName + druid-mysql8 driver===================datasource:type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourcedriver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driverurl: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/seata_storage?characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&rewriteBatchedStatements=true&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=trueusername: rootpassword: 123456
# ========================mybatis===================
mybatis:mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xmltype-aliases-package: com.atguigu.cloud.entitiesconfiguration:map-underscore-to-camel-case: true
# ========================seata===================
seata:registry:type: nacosnacos:server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848namespace: ""group: SEATA_GROUPapplication: seata-servertx-service-group: default_tx_group # 事务组,由它获得TC服务的集群名称service:vgroup-mapping:default_tx_group: default # 事务组与TC服务集群的映射关系data-source-proxy-mode: ATlogging:level:io:seata: info

(4)主启动

@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("com.atguigu.cloud.mapper") //import tk.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
@EnableDiscoveryClient //服务注册和发现
@EnableFeignClients
public class SeataStorageMainApp2002 {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(SeataStorageMainApp2002.class, args);}
}

(5)业务类

package com.atguigu.cloud.service.impl;import com.atguigu.cloud.mapper.StorageMapper;
import com.atguigu.cloud.service.StorageService;
import jakarta.annotation.Resource;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;@Slf4j
@Service
public class StorageServiceImpl implements StorageService {@Resourceprivate StorageMapper storageMapper;@Overridepublic void decrease(Long productId, Integer count) {log.info("------->storage-service中扣减库存开始");storageMapper.decrease(productId,count);log.info("------->storage-service中扣减库存结束");}
}

 mapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.atguigu.cloud.mapper.StorageMapper"><update id="decrease">UPDATEt_storageSETused = used + #{count},residue = residue - #{count}WHERE product_id = #{productId}</update>
</mapper>

(6)controller

@RestController
public class StorageController {@Resourceprivate StorageService storageService;/*** 扣减库存*/@RequestMapping("/storage/decrease")public ResultData decrease(Long productId, Integer count) {storageService.decrease(productId, count);return ResultData.success("扣减库存成功!");}
}
3.2.4、新建账户Account微服务 

(1)创建Module:seata-account-service2003

(2)pom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><parent><groupId>com.atguigu.cloud</groupId><artifactId>springcloud2024</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></parent><artifactId>seata-account-service2003</artifactId><properties><maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding></properties><dependencies><!-- nacos --><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId></dependency><!--alibaba-seata--><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata</artifactId></dependency><!--openfeign--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId></dependency><!--loadbalancer--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer</artifactId></dependency><!--cloud_commons_utils--><dependency><groupId>com.atguigu.cloud</groupId><artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></dependency><!--web + actuator--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId></dependency><!--SpringBoot集成druid连接池--><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId></dependency><!-- Swagger3 调用方式 http://你的主机IP地址:5555/swagger-ui/index.html --><dependency><groupId>org.springdoc</groupId><artifactId>springdoc-openapi-starter-webmvc-ui</artifactId></dependency><!--mybatis和springboot整合--><dependency><groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId><artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId></dependency><!--Mysql数据库驱动8 --><dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId></dependency><!--persistence--><dependency><groupId>javax.persistence</groupId><artifactId>persistence-api</artifactId></dependency><!--通用Mapper4--><dependency><groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId><artifactId>mapper</artifactId></dependency><!--hutool--><dependency><groupId>cn.hutool</groupId><artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId></dependency><!-- fastjson2 --><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.fastjson2</groupId><artifactId>fastjson2</artifactId></dependency><!--lombok--><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><version>1.18.28</version><scope>provided</scope></dependency><!--test--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency></dependencies><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId></plugin></plugins></build></project>

(3)yaml

server:port: 2003spring:application:name: seata-account-servicecloud:nacos:discovery:server-addr: localhost:8848         #Nacos服务注册中心地址# ==========applicationName + druid-mysql8 driver===================datasource:type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourcedriver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driverurl: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/seata_account?characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&rewriteBatchedStatements=true&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=trueusername: rootpassword: 123456
# ========================mybatis===================
mybatis:mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xmltype-aliases-package: com.atguigu.cloud.entitiesconfiguration:map-underscore-to-camel-case: true
# ========================seata===================
seata:registry:type: nacosnacos:server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848namespace: ""group: SEATA_GROUPapplication: seata-servertx-service-group: default_tx_group # 事务组,由它获得TC服务的集群名称service:vgroup-mapping:default_tx_group: default # 事务组与TC服务集群的映射关系data-source-proxy-mode: ATlogging:level:io:seata: info

(4)主启动

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
@MapperScan("com.atguigu.cloud.mapper") //import tk.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
@SpringBootApplication
public class SeataAccountMainApp2003 {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(SeataAccountMainApp2003.class, args);}
}

(5)业务类

package com.atguigu.cloud.service.impl;import com.atguigu.cloud.mapper.AccountMapper;
import com.atguigu.cloud.service.AccountService;
import jakarta.annotation.Resource;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;@Slf4j
@Service
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {@Resourceprivate AccountMapper accountMapper;@Overridepublic void decrease(Long userId, Long money) {log.info("------->account-service中扣减账户余额开始");accountMapper.decrease(userId,money);//myTimeOut();//int age = 10/0;log.info("------->account-service中扣减账户余额结束");}/*** 模拟超时异常,全局事务回滚*/private static void myTimeOut(){try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(65); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }}
}

mapper.xml代码

<!--money   本次消费金额t_account数据库表total总额度 = 累计已消费金额(used) + 剩余可用额度(residue)--><update id="decrease">UPDATEt_accountSETresidue = residue - #{money},used = used + #{money}WHERE user_id = #{userId};</update>

(6)controller

package com.atguigu.cloud.controller;import com.atguigu.cloud.resp.ResultData;
import com.atguigu.cloud.service.AccountService;
import jakarta.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestController
public class AccountController {@Resourceprivate AccountService accountService;/*** 扣减账户余额*/@RequestMapping("/account/decrease")public ResultData decrease(@RequestParam("userId") Long userId, @RequestParam("money") Long money) {accountService.decrease(userId, money);return ResultData.success("扣减账户余额成功!");}
}

3.3、测试 

3.3.1、正常测试

没有在订单模块添加 @GlobalTransactional

1号用户花费100块钱买了10个1号产品:http://localhost:2001/order/create?userId=1&productId=1&count=10&money=100

出现错误: 

 

导致原因:springboot+springcloud版本太高导致和阿里巴巴Seata不兼容 

 解决方案:总体父工程,boot+cloud降低版本

<!--仅为了整合openfeign + alibaba seata的案例,降低版本处理下-->
<spring.boot.version>3.1.7</spring.boot.version>
<spring.cloud.version>2022.0.4</spring.cloud.version>
 

 再次测试:

数据库情况:新增一个订单+2个扣减 

3.3.2、超时异常出错测试,没有@GlobalTransactional 

 

 

当库存和账户金额扣减后,订单状态并没有设置为已经完成,没有从零改为1 

3.3.3、超时异常解决,添加@GlobalTransactional

(1)AccountServiceImpl保留超时方法 ,OrderServiceImpl添加@GlobalTransactional

 此时,订单模块就是TM,也是其中一个RM

 

(2) 查看Seata后台:http://localhost:7091/#/login

全局事务ID 

 

全局锁 

下单后数据库3个库数据并没有任何改变,被回滚了

3.4、Seata原理小总结和面试题

 AT模式如何做到对业务的无侵入(事务尽量不要超过5个,容易出事故,3个一个事务提交,再组合)

 

(1)一阶段加载

在一阶段,Seata 会拦截“业务 SQL”,

1  解析 SQL 语义,找到“业务 SQL”要更新的业务数据,在业务数据被更新前,将其保存成“before image”,

2  执行“业务 SQL”更新业务数据,在业务数据更新之后,

3  其保存成“after image”,最后生成行锁。

以上操作全部在一个数据库事务内完成,这样保证了一阶段操作的原子性。

 

(2)二阶段分2种情况 

 ①正常提交

二阶段如是顺利提交的话,

因为“业务 SQL”在一阶段已经提交至数据库,所以Seata框架只需将一阶段保存的快照数据和行锁删掉,完成数据清理即可

 

②异常回滚 

二阶段回滚:

二阶段如果是回滚的话,Seata 就需要回滚一阶段已经执行的“业务 SQL”,还原业务数据。

回滚方式便是用“before image”还原业务数据;但在还原前要首先要校验脏写,对比“数据库当前业务数据”和 “after image”,

如果两份数据完全一致就说明没有脏写,可以还原业务数据,如果不一致就说明有脏写,出现脏写就需要转人工处理

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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