[STM32F103C8T6]基于stm32的循迹，跟随，避障智能小车

1.小车驱动主要是通过L9110S模块来驱动电机

motor.c

2.我们可以加入串口控制电机驱动(重写串口接收回调函数，和重定向printf)

Uart.c

main.c

3.点动功能

uart.c

main.c

为什么使用的是HAL_Delay()要设置滴答定时器的中断优先级呢？

4.小车PWM调速，

6.跟随功能

7.避障功能

超声波测距流程

CSB.c

SG90.c

main.c

1.小车驱动主要是通过L9110S模块来驱动电机

本次STM32与L9110s的接线是：

B-1A -- PB0

B-1B -- PB1

A-1A -- PB2

A-1B -- PB10

通过对GPIO口的配置，可以写出电机的驱动程序(全速模式)

motor.c

#include "motor.h"
#include "gpio.h"void GoForward(void)
{//右轮HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_0,GPIO_PIN_SET);HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_1,GPIO_PIN_RESET);//左轮HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_2,GPIO_PIN_SET);HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_10,GPIO_PIN_RESET);
}void GoBack(void)
{//右轮HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_0,GPIO_PIN_RESET);HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_1,GPIO_PIN_SET);//左轮HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_2,GPIO_PIN_RESET);HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_10,GPIO_PIN_SET);
}void GoLeft(void)
{//右轮HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_0,GPIO_PIN_SET);HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_1,GPIO_PIN_RESET);//左轮HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_2,GPIO_PIN_RESET);HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_10,GPIO_PIN_RESET);
}void GoRight(void)
{//右轮HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_0,GPIO_PIN_RESET);HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_1,GPIO_PIN_RESET);//左轮HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_2,GPIO_PIN_SET);HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_10,GPIO_PIN_RESET);
}void Stop(void)
{//右轮HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_0,GPIO_PIN_RESET);HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_1,GPIO_PIN_RESET);//左轮HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_2,GPIO_PIN_RESET);HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_10,GPIO_PIN_RESET);
}

2.我们可以加入串口控制电机驱动(重写串口接收回调函数，和重定向printf)

加入串口控制，我们需要在cubeMX中开启串口中断用于接收串口发来的数据

Uart.c

void HAL_UART_MspDeInit(UART_HandleTypeDef* uartHandle)
{if(uartHandle->Instance==USART1){/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspDeInit 0 *//* USER CODE END USART1_MspDeInit 0 *//* Peripheral clock disable */__HAL_RCC_USART1_CLK_DISABLE();/**USART1 GPIO ConfigurationPA9     ------> USART1_TXPA10     ------> USART1_RX*/HAL_GPIO_DeInit(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_9|GPIO_PIN_10);/* USART1 interrupt Deinit */HAL_NVIC_DisableIRQ(USART1_IRQn);/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspDeInit 1 *//* USER CODE END USART1_MspDeInit 1 */}
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
//串口接收缓存（1字节）
uint8_t buf=0;
//定义最大接收字节数 200，可根据需求调整
#define UART1_REC_LEN 200
#define SIZE 12
// 接收缓冲, 串口接收到的数据放在这个数组里，最大UART1_REC_LEN个字节
uint8_t UART1_RX_Buffer[UART1_REC_LEN];
// 接收状态
// bit15， 接收完成标志
// bit14， 接收到0x0d
// bit13~0， 接收到的有效字节数目
uint16_t UART1_RX_STA=0;char buffer[SIZE];
// 接收完成回调函数，收到一个数据后，在这里处理
void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{
// 判断中断是由哪个串口触发的
if(huart->Instance == USART1)
{
// 判断接收是否完成（UART1_RX_STA bit15 位是否为1）
if((UART1_RX_STA & 0x8000) == 0)
{
// 如果已经收到了 0x0d （回车），
if(UART1_RX_STA & 0x4000)
{
// 则接着判断是否收到 0x0a （换行）
if(buf == 0x0a)
{
// 如果 0x0a 和 0x0d 都收到，则将 bit15 位置为1UART1_RX_STA |= 0x8000;
//	printf("1");// 车控指令if(!strcmp((const char*)UART1_RX_Buffer, "M1")){	printf("Forwad......");GoForward();}else if(!strcmp((const char*)UART1_RX_Buffer, "M2")){printf("Back......");GoBack();}else if(!strcmp((const char*)UART1_RX_Buffer, "M3")){printf("Left......");GoLeft();}else if(!strcmp((const char*)UART1_RX_Buffer, "M4")){printf("Right......");GoRight();}else if(!strcmp((const char*)UART1_RX_Buffer, "Stop")){printf("Stop......");Stop();}memset(UART1_RX_Buffer, 0, UART1_REC_LEN);UART1_RX_STA = 0;}else
// 否则认为接收错误，重新开始UART1_RX_STA = 0;
}else // 如果没有收到了 0x0d （回车）
{//则先判断收到的这个字符是否是 0x0d （回车）if(buf == 0x0d)
{	
// 是的话则将 bit14 位置为1UART1_RX_STA |= 0x4000;}
else
{
// 否则将接收到的数据保存在缓存数组里UART1_RX_Buffer[UART1_RX_STA & 0X3FFF] = buf;UART1_RX_STA++;
// 如果接收数据大于UART1_REC_LEN（200字节），则重新开始接收if(UART1_RX_STA > UART1_REC_LEN - 1)UART1_RX_STA = 0;}}
}
// 重新开启中断
HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, &buf, 1);}
}int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
{unsigned char temp[1]={ch};HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,temp,1,0xffff);return ch;
}

main.c

extern uint8_t buf;int main(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();MX_USART1_UART_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, &buf, 1);//开启串口接收/* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while (1){/* USER CODE END WHILE *//* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}

切记主函数内需要调用开启串口接收函数！！！！！！

将HC08模块接入STM32，连接蓝牙就可以通过蓝牙APP控制

3.点动功能

如果用蓝牙app实现遥控车模式，我们会发现，点了前进按钮，小车会一直前进，按下左转会一直左转，而遥控车应该是点动功能，按一下向前就向前走一下，一直按一直走

我的思路是，主程序一直跑Stop(); 接收到来自蓝牙（串口）的数据后执行动作（几毫秒），从而实现点动

uart.c

void HAL_UART_MspDeInit(UART_HandleTypeDef* uartHandle)
{if(uartHandle->Instance==USART1){/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspDeInit 0 *//* USER CODE END USART1_MspDeInit 0 *//* Peripheral clock disable */__HAL_RCC_USART1_CLK_DISABLE();/**USART1 GPIO ConfigurationPA9     ------> USART1_TXPA10     ------> USART1_RX*/HAL_GPIO_DeInit(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_9|GPIO_PIN_10);/* USART1 interrupt Deinit */HAL_NVIC_DisableIRQ(USART1_IRQn);/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspDeInit 1 *//* USER CODE END USART1_MspDeInit 1 */}
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
//串口接收缓存（1字节）
uint8_t buf=0;
//定义最大接收字节数 200，可根据需求调整
#define UART1_REC_LEN 200
#define SIZE 12
// 接收缓冲, 串口接收到的数据放在这个数组里，最大UART1_REC_LEN个字节
uint8_t UART1_RX_Buffer[UART1_REC_LEN];
// 接收状态
// bit15， 接收完成标志
// bit14， 接收到0x0d
// bit13~0， 接收到的有效字节数目
uint16_t UART1_RX_STA=0;char buffer[SIZE];
// 接收完成回调函数，收到一个数据后，在这里处理
void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{
// 判断中断是由哪个串口触发的
if(huart->Instance == USART1)
{
// 判断接收是否完成（UART1_RX_STA bit15 位是否为1）
if((UART1_RX_STA & 0x8000) == 0)
{
// 如果已经收到了 0x0d （回车），
if(UART1_RX_STA & 0x4000)
{
// 则接着判断是否收到 0x0a （换行）
if(buf == 0x0a)
{
// 如果 0x0a 和 0x0d 都收到，则将 bit15 位置为1UART1_RX_STA |= 0x8000;
//	printf("1");// 车控指令if(!strcmp((const char*)UART1_RX_Buffer, "M1")){	printf("Forwad......");GoForward();HAL_Delay(10);}else if(!strcmp((const char*)UART1_RX_Buffer, "M2")){printf("Back......");GoBack();HAL_Delay(10);}else if(!strcmp((const char*)UART1_RX_Buffer, "M3")){printf("Left......");GoLeft();HAL_Delay(10);}else if(!strcmp((const char*)UART1_RX_Buffer, "M4")){printf("Right......");GoRight();HAL_Delay(10);}else if(!strcmp((const char*)UART1_RX_Buffer, "Stop")){printf("Stop......");Stop();HAL_Delay(10);}memset(UART1_RX_Buffer, 0, UART1_REC_LEN);UART1_RX_STA = 0;}else
// 否则认为接收错误，重新开始UART1_RX_STA = 0;
}else // 如果没有收到了 0x0d （回车）
{//则先判断收到的这个字符是否是 0x0d （回车）if(buf == 0x0d)
{	
// 是的话则将 bit14 位置为1UART1_RX_STA |= 0x4000;}
else
{
// 否则将接收到的数据保存在缓存数组里UART1_RX_Buffer[UART1_RX_STA & 0X3FFF] = buf;UART1_RX_STA++;
// 如果接收数据大于UART1_REC_LEN（200字节），则重新开始接收if(UART1_RX_STA > UART1_REC_LEN - 1)UART1_RX_STA = 0;}}
}
// 重新开启中断
HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, &buf, 1);}
}int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
{unsigned char temp[1]={ch};HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,temp,1,0xffff);return ch;
}

main.c

extern uint8_t buf;int main(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();MX_USART1_UART_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, &buf, 1);//开启串口接收HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(SysTick_IRQn,0,0);//提高滴答定时器优先级/* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while (1){/* USER CODE END WHILE */Stop();/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}

提高滴答定时器优先级，这样的话在串口中断中使用HAL_Delay()不会出现卡死的bug

为什么使用的是HAL_Delay()要设置滴答定时器的中断优先级呢？

从英文解释中（别说看不懂哈），Systick被配置为系统时基，并且被配置为了1ms，做技术，要有刨根问底的精神，奥利给，继续跟进去看看

关于滴答定时器可以看这篇文章，us级延时怎么实现

(77条消息) HAL库与Cubemx系列|Systick-系统滴答定时器详解_hal库 systick 中断_小飞哥玩嵌入式的博客-CSDN博客https://blog.csdn.net/qq_16519885/article/details/117756815?ops_request_misc=&request_id=&biz_id=102&utm_term=HAL_Delay%E6%98%AF%E6%BB%B4%E7%AD%94%E5%AE%9A%E6%97%B6%E5%99%A8%E5%90%97&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2~all~sobaiduweb~default-2-117756815.142%5Ev83%5Epc_search_v2,239%5Ev2%5Einsert_chatgpt&spm=1018.2226.3001.4187

//使用TIM2来做us级延时函数
void TIM2_Delay_us(uint16_t n_us)
{
/* 使能定时器2计数 */__HAL_TIM_ENABLE(&htim2);__HAL_TIM_SetCounter(&htim2, 0);while(__HAL_TIM_GetCounter(&htim2) < ((1 * n_us)-1) );/* 关闭定时器2计数 */__HAL_TIM_DISABLE(&htim2);
}

4.小车PWM调速，

通过实验我们又发现了bug，如果是全速驱动的话，小车转弯，比如左转就会左边轮子不动右边动，理论上是这样的，但是实际上会出现小车转弯一卡一卡的bug，于是我想到了用PWM调速，转弯的时候左右轮分开调速，左转就左轮速度低于右轮，右转就右轮速度低于左轮

STM32与51单片机不同，STM32具有硬件PWM调速

根据查数据手册可知，我使用的是TIM2的CH1和CH2，CH1,CH2分别对应左右轮

更改后连线为

B-1A -- PA0

B-1B -- PB1

A-1A -- PA1

A-1B -- PB10

具体PWM可以参考之前写的PWM实现呼吸灯文章

(77条消息) [STM32F103C8T6]PWM呼吸灯_stm32f103c8t6呼吸灯_TX564的博客-CSDN博客https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_63303786/article/details/129047166?spm=1001.2014.3001.5502

根据前面L9110s模块的运用可知，A-1A,A-1B,B-1A,B-2B是分别为一高一低电平才能驱动

当PWM调速时，PWM使用的TIM2对应端口PA0,PA1会出现占空比，占空比内为高电平，那么其他两个IO口就必须为低电平，才能驱动L9110s,所以PWM调速，必须将对应电机驱动的所有的IO口都拉低

PWM主要用的两个函数一个是PWM启动函数，一个是PWM比较函数

HAL_TIM_PWM_Start ( & htim2 , TIM_CHANNEL_1 );

HAL_TIM_PWM_Start ( & htim2 , TIM_CHANNEL_2 )；

__HAL_TIM_SetCompare ( & htim2 , TIM_CHANNEL_1 , 8 );//8是PWM_Val的值，小于8都是高电平，大于8是低电平，这个数的值要小于设定的 CCRx

void　main()
{HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim2,TIM_CHANNEL_1);HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim2,TIM_CHANNEL_2);while(1){__HAL_TIM_SetCompare(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_1,8);__HAL_TIM_SetCompare(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_2,15);HAL_Delay(1000);__HAL_TIM_SetCompare(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_1,15);__HAL_TIM_SetCompare(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_2,8);HAL_Delay(1000);}
}

解决过弯一卡一卡的bug就可以将

__HAL_TIM_SetCompare(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_1,8);
__HAL_TIM_SetCompare(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_2,15);

替换motor.c中的GPIO_PIN_WritePin函数

5.小车循迹功能

小车循迹主要用到的模块是循迹模块

小车循迹主要是通过循迹模块，黑色会续收红外线，当红外线被吸收，就没法返回，于是模块输出高电平，灯灭，如果是白色区域，红外线会返回，灯亮，输出低电平

本次接线是将两个循迹模块的DO接入PB5,PB6

于是循迹的逻辑就是，左右两边各安一个循迹模块，当两个模块都返回红外线输出低电平灯亮的时候，小车向前进，如果左边模块没有返回红外线高电平灯灭，右边模块返回红外线低电平灯亮，那么就说明遇到左转弯道，左转，相反就右转----->哪边高电平往哪边转

#define LeftWheel_Value HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_3)
#define RightWheel_Value HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_4)void xunji(void)
{if(LeftWheel_Value == GPIO_PIN_RESET && RightWheel_Value == GPIO_PIN_RESET){__HAL_TIM_SetCompare(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_1,19);__HAL_TIM_SetCompare(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_2,19);}
if(LeftWheel_Value == GPIO_PIN_SET && RightWheel_Value == GPIO_PIN_RESET){__HAL_TIM_SetCompare(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_1,15);__HAL_TIM_SetCompare(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_2,8);}
if(LeftWheel_Value == GPIO_PIN_RESET && RightWheel_Value == GPIO_PIN_SET){__HAL_TIM_SetCompare(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_1,8);__HAL_TIM_SetCompare(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_2,15);}
if(LeftWheel_Value == GPIO_PIN_SET && RightWheel_Value == GPIO_PIN_SET){__HAL_TIM_SetCompare(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_1,0);__HAL_TIM_SetCompare(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_2,0);}
}// main函数里
while (1)
{xunji();
}

6.跟随功能

跟随功能的实现主要是跟随模块

哪边低电平，往哪边转（因为跟随模块是有物体挡着才会返回红外线，返回为低电平）

#define LeftWheel_Value HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_5)
#define RightWheel_Value HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_6)void gensui(void)
{if(LeftWheel_Value == GPIO_PIN_RESET && RightWheel_Value == GPIO_PIN_RESET)goForward();if(LeftWheel_Value == GPIO_PIN_SET && RightWheel_Value == GPIO_PIN_RESET)goRight();if(LeftWheel_Value == GPIO_PIN_RESET && RightWheel_Value == GPIO_PIN_SET)goLeft();if(LeftWheel_Value == GPIO_PIN_SET && RightWheel_Value == GPIO_PIN_SET)stop();}// main函数里
while (1)
{gensui();
}

7.避障功能

避障功能主要是依靠SG90舵机和超声波实现的，当超声波测距小于一个值，比如35cm，SG90舵机开始转动角度，实现超声波摇头，摇头：显示中间位，然后左转，然后右转

超声波测距流程

1.Trig至少10us的高电平

2.发送波，定时器启动，开始计时

启动定时器的函数：HAL_TIM_Base_Start(&htim2);//启动定时器2

开始计算时间函数：__HAL_TIM_SetCounter(&htim2,0);//计算时间

2.1怎么判断是否发送波了呢？：当波发送出去echo会由低电平变为高电平 while(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_7) == GPIO_PIN_RESET);//卡低电平

3.接收到波，定时器关闭停止计时

停止定时器的函数：HAL_TIM_Base_Stop(&htim2);//停止定时器

3.1怎么判断接收到波了呢？：当接收到波echo会由高电平变为低电平

while(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_7) == GPIO_PIN_SET);//卡高电平

4.读取定时器计时时间

获取时间的函数：cnt = __HAL_TIM_GetCounter(&htim2);

5.distance = （340m/s * 时间)/2（注意换算单位 100cm/1000000us）

CSB.c


//使用TIM2来做us级延时函数
void TIM2_Delay_us(uint16_t n_us)
{
/* 使能定时器2计数 */__HAL_TIM_ENABLE(&htim2);__HAL_TIM_SetCounter(&htim2, 0);while(__HAL_TIM_GetCounter(&htim2) < ((1 * n_us)-1) );/* 关闭定时器2计数 */__HAL_TIM_DISABLE(&htim2);
}
double get_distance(void)
{int cnt=0;
//1. Trig ，给Trig端口至少10us的高电平HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_7, GPIO_PIN_SET);//拉高TIM2_Delay_us(20);HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_7, GPIO_PIN_RESET);//拉低
//2. echo由低电平跳转到高电平，表示开始发送波
//波发出去的那一下，开始启动定时器while(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_8) == GPIO_PIN_RESET);//等待输入电平拉高HAL_TIM_Base_Start(&htim2);//启动定时器2__HAL_TIM_SetCounter(&htim2,0);//计算时间
//3. 由高电平跳转回低电平，表示波回来了while(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_8) == GPIO_PIN_SET);//等待输入电平变低
//波回来的那一下，我们开始停止定时器HAL_TIM_Base_Stop(&htim2);//停止定时器
//4. 计算出中间经过多少时间cnt = __HAL_TIM_GetCounter(&htim2);//获取时间
//5. 距离 = 速度 （340m/s）* 时间/2（计数1次表示1us）return (cnt*340/2*0.000001*100); //单位：cm
}

SG90.c

void initSG90(void)
{HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim4,TIM_CHANNEL_4); //启动定时器4,启动PWM__HAL_TIM_SetCompare(&htim4, TIM_CHANNEL_4, 9); //将舵机置为90度
}
void sgMiddle(void)
{__HAL_TIM_SetCompare(&htim4, TIM_CHANNEL_4, 9); //将舵机置为75度
}
void sgRight(void)
{__HAL_TIM_SetCompare(&htim4, TIM_CHANNEL_4, 5); //将舵机置为0度
}
void sgLeft(void)
{__HAL_TIM_SetCompare(&htim4, TIM_CHANNEL_4, 14); //将舵机置为135度
}

main.c

#define MIDDLE 0
#define RIGHT 2
#define LEFT  1int main(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */char dir;double disMiddle;double disLeft;double disRight;/* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();MX_TIM4_Init();MX_TIM2_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */initSG90();//一开始先让超声波在中间位HAL_Delay(1000);/* USER CODE END 2 */void csb(void){/*为了不歪头卡死，每次必须测完回到中间位*/if(dir != MIDDLE){sgMiddle();dir = MIDDLE;HAL_Delay(300);}/*为了不歪头卡死，每次必须测完回到中间位*/disMiddle = get_distance();if(disMiddle > 35){//前进GoForward();}else if(disMiddle < 10){GoBack();}else{//停止Stop();//测左边距离sgLeft();HAL_Delay(300);disLeft = get_distance();sgMiddle();HAL_Delay(300);sgRight();dir = RIGHT;HAL_Delay(300);disRight = get_distance();if(disLeft < disRight){GoRight();HAL_Delay(150);Stop();}if(disRight < disLeft){GoLeft();HAL_Delay(150);Stop();}}}/* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while (1){/* USER CODE END WHILE */csb();HAL_Delay(50);//必须要延时，不然执行代码速度太快就会一直前进或者后退，不会摇头/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}

将所有模块的函数封装好后，可以通过按键或者其他方式切换循迹，跟随，避障模式

#define Key_On 0
#define Key_Off 1unsigned char Scanf_Key(GPIO_TypeDef *GPIOx, uint16_t GPIO_Pin)
{unsigned int status;status = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIO_TypeDef *GPIOx, uint16_t GPIO_Pin);if(status == GPIO_PIN_RESET)return 0;else if(status == GPIO_PIN_SET)return 1;
}void main()
{while(1){if(Scanf_Key(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_0) == Key_On){csb();}if(Scanf_Key(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_1) == Key_On){gensui();}if(Scanf_Key(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_3) == Key_On){xunji();}}
}

测速功能

测速功能主要是用测速模块配合码盘实现

配置cubeMX

使用定时器计时1s，获取码盘每1s转了多少圈，通过计算可获得速度

定时器公式：

T = {(PSC+1)*(Counter Period + 1)}/72000000HZ

轮子走一圈，经过一个周长， C = 2x3.14x 半径 = 3.14 x 直径（ 6.5cm ）

对应的码盘也转了一圈，码盘有 20 个格子，每经过一个格子，会遮挡（高电平）和不遮挡（低电平），

那么一个脉冲就是走了 3.14 * 6.5 cm /20 = 1.0205CM

定时器可以设计成一秒，统计脉冲数，一个脉冲就是 1cm

假设一秒有 80 脉冲，那么就是 80cm/s

开启定时器中断和外部中断

代码实现

先找到定时器中断服务函数，外部中断服务函数，再重写回调函数


void HAL_GPIO_EXIT_Callback(uint_t GPIO_pin)
{if(GPIO_pin == GPIO_PIN_14)//判断是不是PB14产生的中断if(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_14) == GPIO_PIN_RESET)//判断PB14是否为低电平，从而判断是否产生下降沿SpeedCnt++;// dis = SpeedCnt * time 定时器1s产生中断所以dis = SpeedCnt
}void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{printf("speed:%d\r\n",SpeedCnt);//重定向printf，打印到串口SpeedCnt = 0;
}int main(void)
{HAL_Init();HAL_SYSTICK_Config(HAL_RCC_GetHCLKFreq() / 1000); //1msSystemClock_Config();MX_GPIO_Init();MX_USART1_UART_Init();MX_TIM2_Init();HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, &buf, 1);//开启串口接收中断HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(&htim2);//开启定时器中断while (1){}
}

通过oled显示实时的车速

oled.c

#include "oled.h"
#include "i2c.h"
#include "oledfont.h"void Oled_Write_Cmd(uint8_t dataCmd)
{HAL_I2C_Mem_Write(&hi2c1, 0x78, 0x00, I2C_MEMADD_SIZE_8BIT,&dataCmd, 1, 0xff);
}
void Oled_Write_Data(uint8_t dataData)
{HAL_I2C_Mem_Write(&hi2c1, 0x78, 0x40, I2C_MEMADD_SIZE_8BIT,&dataData, 1, 0xff);
}
void Oled_Init(void)
{Oled_Write_Cmd(0xAE);//--display offOled_Write_Cmd(0x00);//---set low column addressOled_Write_Cmd(0x10);//---set high column addressOled_Write_Cmd(0x40);//--set start line addressOled_Write_Cmd(0xB0);//--set page addressOled_Write_Cmd(0x81); // contract controlOled_Write_Cmd(0xFF);//--128Oled_Write_Cmd(0xA1);//set segment remapOled_Write_Cmd(0xA6);//--normal / reverseOled_Write_Cmd(0xA8);//--set multiplex ratio(1 to 64)Oled_Write_Cmd(0x3F);//--1/32 dutyOled_Write_Cmd(0xC8);//Com scan directionOled_Write_Cmd(0xD3);//-set display offsetOled_Write_Cmd(0x00);//Oled_Write_Cmd(0xD5);//set osc divisionOled_Write_Cmd(0x80);//Oled_Write_Cmd(0xD8);//set area color mode offOled_Write_Cmd(0x05);//Oled_Write_Cmd(0xD9);//Set Pre-Charge PeriodOled_Write_Cmd(0xF1);//Oled_Write_Cmd(0xDA);//set com pin configuartionOled_Write_Cmd(0x12);//Oled_Write_Cmd(0xDB);//set VcomhOled_Write_Cmd(0x30);//Oled_Write_Cmd(0x8D);//set charge pump enableOled_Write_Cmd(0x14);//Oled_Write_Cmd(0xAF);//--turn on oled panel
}
void Oled_Screen_Clear(void)
{int i,n;Oled_Write_Cmd (0x20); //set memory addressing modeOled_Write_Cmd (0x02); //page addressing modefor(i=0;i<8;i++){Oled_Write_Cmd(0xb0+i); //PAGE0 - PAGE7Oled_Write_Cmd(0x00); //每个page从第0列开始Oled_Write_Cmd(0x10); //每个page从第0列开始for(n=0;n<128;n++)Oled_Write_Data(0x00);//每个page的127列全写0}
}/*移植源代码*//显示单个字符/
void Oled_Show_Char(char row,char col,char oledChar){ //row*2-2unsigned int  i;Oled_Write_Cmd(0xb0+(row*2-2));                           //page 0Oled_Write_Cmd(0x00+(col&0x0f));                          //lowOled_Write_Cmd(0x10+(col>>4));                            //high	for(i=((oledChar-32)*16);i<((oledChar-32)*16+8);i++){Oled_Write_Data(F8X16[i]);                            //写数据oledTable1}Oled_Write_Cmd(0xb0+(row*2-1));                           //page 1Oled_Write_Cmd(0x00+(col&0x0f));                          //lowOled_Write_Cmd(0x10+(col>>4));                            //highfor(i=((oledChar-32)*16+8);i<((oledChar-32)*16+8+8);i++){Oled_Write_Data(F8X16[i]);                            //写数据oledTable1}		
}/显示字符串/
void Oled_Show_Str(char row,char col,char *str){while(*str!=0){Oled_Show_Char(row,col,*str);str++;col += 8;	}		
}

oledfont.h

const unsigned char F8X16[]=	  
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,// 00x00,0x00,0x00,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x33,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,//! 10x00,0x10,0x0C,0x06,0x10,0x0C,0x06,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//" 20x40,0xC0,0x78,0x40,0xC0,0x78,0x40,0x00,0x04,0x3F,0x04,0x04,0x3F,0x04,0x04,0x00,//# 30x00,0x70,0x88,0xFC,0x08,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x20,0xFF,0x21,0x1E,0x00,0x00,//$ 40xF0,0x08,0xF0,0x00,0xE0,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x21,0x1C,0x03,0x1E,0x21,0x1E,0x00,//% 50x00,0xF0,0x08,0x88,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1E,0x21,0x23,0x24,0x19,0x27,0x21,0x10,//& 60x10,0x16,0x0E,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//' 70x00,0x00,0x00,0xE0,0x18,0x04,0x02,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x07,0x18,0x20,0x40,0x00,//( 80x00,0x02,0x04,0x18,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x40,0x20,0x18,0x07,0x00,0x00,0x00,//) 90x40,0x40,0x80,0xF0,0x80,0x40,0x40,0x00,0x02,0x02,0x01,0x0F,0x01,0x02,0x02,0x00,//* 100x00,0x00,0x00,0xF0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x1F,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x00,//+ 110x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0xB0,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//, 120x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,//- 130x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x30,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//. 140x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x60,0x18,0x04,0x00,0x60,0x18,0x06,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,/// 150x00,0xE0,0x10,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x0F,0x10,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x0F,0x00,//0 160x00,0x10,0x10,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,//1 170x00,0x70,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x88,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x30,0x28,0x24,0x22,0x21,0x30,0x00,//2 180x00,0x30,0x08,0x88,0x88,0x48,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,//3 190x00,0x00,0xC0,0x20,0x10,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x07,0x04,0x24,0x24,0x3F,0x24,0x00,//4 200x00,0xF8,0x08,0x88,0x88,0x08,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x19,0x21,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,//5 210x00,0xE0,0x10,0x88,0x88,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x0F,0x11,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,//6 220x00,0x38,0x08,0x08,0xC8,0x38,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//7 230x00,0x70,0x88,0x08,0x08,0x88,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x1C,0x22,0x21,0x21,0x22,0x1C,0x00,//8 240x00,0xE0,0x10,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x31,0x22,0x22,0x11,0x0F,0x00,//9 250x00,0x00,0x00,0xC0,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x30,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,//: 260x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x60,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//; 270x00,0x00,0x80,0x40,0x20,0x10,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x02,0x04,0x08,0x10,0x20,0x00,//< 280x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x00,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x00,//= 290x00,0x08,0x10,0x20,0x40,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x10,0x08,0x04,0x02,0x01,0x00,//> 300x00,0x70,0x48,0x08,0x08,0x08,0xF0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x30,0x36,0x01,0x00,0x00,//? 310xC0,0x30,0xC8,0x28,0xE8,0x10,0xE0,0x00,0x07,0x18,0x27,0x24,0x23,0x14,0x0B,0x00,//@ 320x00,0x00,0xC0,0x38,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3C,0x23,0x02,0x02,0x27,0x38,0x20,//A 330x08,0xF8,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,//B 340xC0,0x30,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x38,0x00,0x07,0x18,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x08,0x00,//C 350x08,0xF8,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x0F,0x00,//D 360x08,0xF8,0x88,0x88,0xE8,0x08,0x10,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x23,0x20,0x18,0x00,//E 370x08,0xF8,0x88,0x88,0xE8,0x08,0x10,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x03,0x00,0x00,0x00,//F 380xC0,0x30,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x38,0x00,0x00,0x07,0x18,0x20,0x20,0x22,0x1E,0x02,0x00,//G 390x08,0xF8,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x20,0x3F,0x21,0x01,0x01,0x21,0x3F,0x20,//H 400x00,0x08,0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,//I 410x00,0x00,0x08,0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x08,0x00,0xC0,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,//J 420x08,0xF8,0x88,0xC0,0x28,0x18,0x08,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x01,0x26,0x38,0x20,0x00,//K 430x08,0xF8,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x30,0x00,//L 440x08,0xF8,0xF8,0x00,0xF8,0xF8,0x08,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x00,0x3F,0x00,0x3F,0x20,0x00,//M 450x08,0xF8,0x30,0xC0,0x00,0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x07,0x18,0x3F,0x00,//N 460xE0,0x10,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00,0x0F,0x10,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x0F,0x00,//O 470x08,0xF8,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0xF0,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x21,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x00,0x00,//P 480xE0,0x10,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00,0x0F,0x18,0x24,0x24,0x38,0x50,0x4F,0x00,//Q 490x08,0xF8,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x70,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x03,0x0C,0x30,0x20,//R 500x00,0x70,0x88,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x38,0x00,0x00,0x38,0x20,0x21,0x21,0x22,0x1C,0x00,//S 510x18,0x08,0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x08,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x00,0x00,//T 520x08,0xF8,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x00,0x1F,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x1F,0x00,//U 530x08,0x78,0x88,0x00,0x00,0xC8,0x38,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x07,0x38,0x0E,0x01,0x00,0x00,//V 540xF8,0x08,0x00,0xF8,0x00,0x08,0xF8,0x00,0x03,0x3C,0x07,0x00,0x07,0x3C,0x03,0x00,//W 550x08,0x18,0x68,0x80,0x80,0x68,0x18,0x08,0x20,0x30,0x2C,0x03,0x03,0x2C,0x30,0x20,//X 560x08,0x38,0xC8,0x00,0xC8,0x38,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x00,0x00,//Y 570x10,0x08,0x08,0x08,0xC8,0x38,0x08,0x00,0x20,0x38,0x26,0x21,0x20,0x20,0x18,0x00,//Z 580x00,0x00,0x00,0xFE,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7F,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x00,//[ 590x00,0x0C,0x30,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x06,0x38,0xC0,0x00,//\ 600x00,0x02,0x02,0x02,0xFE,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,//] 610x00,0x00,0x04,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x04,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//^ 620x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,//_ 630x00,0x02,0x02,0x04,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//` 640x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x19,0x24,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x3F,0x20,//a 650x08,0xF8,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3F,0x11,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,//b 660x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x0E,0x11,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x00,//c 670x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x88,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x0E,0x11,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x3F,0x20,//d 680x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1F,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x13,0x00,//e 690x00,0x80,0x80,0xF0,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x18,0x00,0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,//f 700x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x6B,0x94,0x94,0x94,0x93,0x60,0x00,//g 710x08,0xF8,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x21,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,//h 720x00,0x80,0x98,0x98,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,//i 730x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x98,0x98,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xC0,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x7F,0x00,0x00,//j 740x08,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x24,0x02,0x2D,0x30,0x20,0x00,//k 750x00,0x08,0x08,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,//l 760x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x3F,//m 770x80,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x21,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,//n 780x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1F,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x1F,0x00,//o 790x80,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0xFF,0xA1,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,//p 800x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x0E,0x11,0x20,0x20,0xA0,0xFF,0x80,//q 810x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x21,0x20,0x00,0x01,0x00,//r 820x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x33,0x24,0x24,0x24,0x24,0x19,0x00,//s 830x00,0x80,0x80,0xE0,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,//t 840x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x1F,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x3F,0x20,//u 850x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x01,0x0E,0x30,0x08,0x06,0x01,0x00,//v 860x80,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x0F,0x30,0x0C,0x03,0x0C,0x30,0x0F,0x00,//w 870x00,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x31,0x2E,0x0E,0x31,0x20,0x00,//x 880x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x81,0x8E,0x70,0x18,0x06,0x01,0x00,//y 890x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x21,0x30,0x2C,0x22,0x21,0x30,0x00,//z 900x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x7C,0x02,0x02,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3F,0x40,0x40,//{ 910x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,//| 920x00,0x02,0x02,0x7C,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x40,0x40,0x3F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//} 930x00,0x06,0x01,0x01,0x02,0x02,0x04,0x04,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//~ 94
};

#include "oled.h"
#include "main.h"
#include "i2c.h"
#include "tim.h"
#include "gpio.h"char speedMES[24];void HAL_GPIO_EXIT_Callback(uint_t GPIO_pin)
{if(GPIO_pin == GPIO_PIN_14)//判断是不是PB14产生的中断if(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_14) == GPIO_PIN_RESET)//判断PB14是否为低电平，从而判断是否产生下降沿SpeedCnt++;// dis = SpeedCnt * time 定时器1s产生中断所以dis = SpeedCnt
}void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{sprintf(speedMES,"speed:%dcm/s",SpeedCnt);//将数据以speed：xx的形式传给speedMES数组Oled_Show_Str(2,2,speedMES);printf("speed:%d\r\n",SpeedCnt);//重定向printf，打印到串口SpeedCnt = 0;
}int main(void)
{HAL_Init();HAL_SYSTICK_Config(HAL_RCC_GetHCLKFreq() / 1000); //1msSystemClock_Config();MX_GPIO_Init();MX_USART1_UART_Init();MX_TIM2_Init();HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, &buf, 1);//开启串口接收中断HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(&htim2);//开启定时器中断Oled_Init();Oled_Screen_Clear();//实时显示其实就是不断刷屏显示新的数据while (1){}
}