1.设备树部分
首先在 imx6ull.dtsi 文件中已经帮我们定义好了一些pwm的设备树节点,这里以pwm2为例
pwm2: pwm@02084000 {compatible = "fsl,imx6ul-pwm", "fsl,imx27-pwm";reg = <0x02084000 0x4000>;interrupts = <GIC_SPI 84 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>;clocks = <&clks IMX6UL_CLK_DUMMY>,<&clks IMX6UL_CLK_DUMMY>;clock-names = "ipg", "per";#pwm-cells = <2>;
};
我们要在设备树(.dts)文件中引用和使能该节点,同时指定好pwm映射到的GPIO引脚(即pinctrl子系统,我这里映射到了GPIO1_9上)
&iomuxc {pinctrl-names = "default";pinctrl-0 = <&pinctrl_hog_1>;imx6ul-evk {............/* SG90 PWM2 GPIO1_IO09 */pinctrl_pwm2: pwm2grp {fsl,pins = <MX6UL_PAD_GPIO1_IO09__PWM2_OUT 0x110b0>;};............
}......
......&pwm2 {pinctrl-names = "default";pinctrl-0 = <&pinctrl_pwm2>;clocks = <&clks IMX6UL_CLK_PWM2>,<&clks IMX6UL_CLK_PWM2>;status = "okay";
};
使用pwm 只需要在设备树节点中添加两条属性信息,如下所示
pwms = <“&PWMn id period_ns>;
pwm-names = "name";
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pwms :属性是必须的,它共有三个属性值
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&PWMn 指定使用哪个pwm,在imx6ull.dtsi文件中定义,总共有8个可选;
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id :pwm的id通常设置为0。
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period_ns :用于设置周期。单位是ns。
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pwm-names :定义pwm设备名字。(可以不设置)
最后在根节点下添加自己定义的节点
hc_sg90 {compatible = "hc-sg90";pwms = <&pwm2 0 20000000>; /* 使用pwm1 id为0 周期为20000000ns = 20ms */status = "okay";
};
2.驱动代码部分
老一套的字符设备驱动框架:
- 驱动入口出口
- 驱动入口定义注册字符设备、创建字符设备节点、注册platform设备;
- 驱动出口反注册platfrom设备、删除字符设备节点、反注册字符设备
- 构建file_operations结构体
- 构建platform_device结构体,编写probe函数
如下代码所示:
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>
#include <linux/of.h>
#include <linux/gpio.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/irqreturn.h>
#include <linux/of_gpio.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/wait.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/timer.h>
#include <linux/gpio/consumer.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/timekeeping.h>
#include <linux/wait.h>
#include <linux/irqflags.h>
#include <linux/pwm.h>static int major;
static struct class *class;static struct pwm_device *pwm_test;static int sg90_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
{struct device_node *node = pdev->dev.of_node;printk("sg90 match success \n");if (node){/* 从子节点中获取PWM设备 */pwm_test = devm_of_pwm_get(&pdev->dev, node, NULL); if (IS_ERR(pwm_test)){printk(KERN_ERR" pwm_test,get pwm error!!\n");return -1;}}else{printk(KERN_ERR" pwm_test of_get_next_child error!!\n");return -1;}pwm_config(pwm_test, 1500000, 20000000); /* 配置PWM:1.5ms,90度,周期:20000000ns = 20ms */pwm_set_polarity(pwm_test, PWM_POLARITY_NORMAL); /* 设置输出极性:占空比为高电平 */pwm_enable(pwm_test); /* 使能PWM输出 */return 0;
}static int sg90_remove(struct platform_device *dev)
{pwm_config(pwm_test, 500000, 20000000); /* 配置PWM:0.5ms,0度 */pwm_free(pwm_test);return 0;
}static const struct of_device_id sg90_of_match[] = {{ .compatible = "hc-sg90" },{ }
};static struct platform_driver sg90_platform_driver = {.driver = {.name = "my_sg90",.of_match_table = sg90_of_match,},.probe = sg90_probe,.remove = sg90_remove,
};static int sg90_open (struct inode *node, struct file *filp)
{return 0;
}static ssize_t sg90_write (struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *offset)
{int res;unsigned char data[1];if(size != 1)return 1;res = copy_from_user(data, buf, size);/* 配置PWM:旋转任意角度(单位1度) */pwm_config(pwm_test, 500000 + data[0] * 100000 / 9, 20000000); return 1;
}static int sg90_release (struct inode *node, struct file *filp)
{return 0;
}static struct file_operations sg90_ops = {.owner = THIS_MODULE,.open = sg90_open,.write = sg90_write,.release = sg90_release,
};static int sg90_init(void)
{major = register_chrdev(0 , "sg90", &sg90_ops);class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "sg90_class");device_create(class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "sg90");platform_driver_register(&sg90_platform_driver);return 0;
}static void sg90_exit(void)
{platform_driver_unregister(&sg90_platform_driver);device_destroy(class, MKDEV(major, 0));class_destroy(class);unregister_chrdev(major, "sg90");
}module_init(sg90_init);
module_exit(sg90_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
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首先 struct device_node *node = pdev->dev.of_node; 获取子节点,在设备树插件中,我们把PWM相关信息保存在 hc_sg90 的子节点中, 所以这里首先获取子节点。
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在子节点获取成功后我们使用 devm_of_pwm_get 函数获取pwm, 由于节点内只有一个PWM 这里将最后一个参数直接设置为NULL,这样它将获取第一个PWM。
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依次调用 pwm_config、pwm_set_polarity、pwm_enable 函数配置**PWM、设置输出极性、 使能PWM输出,**需要注意的是这里设置的极性为正常极性, 这样pwm_config函数第二个参数设置的就是pwm波的一个周期内的高电平事件。
其中write函数中关于SG90的占空比计算就不多说了,根据如下图来计算吧
不难得出高电平时间每多出1ms(1000000ns) 对应角度多出9度的结论
则旋转到角度 1 度时,对应的高电平时间为 (500000 + 1000000)/9 ns(因为0度对应的高电平时间为0.5ms = 500000ns)
则旋转到角度 n 度时,高电平时间为 (500000 + n * 1000000)/9 ns
3.应用程序部分
运行示例: ./sg90_test 90 , 即转到90度的位置
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{int fd;int res;unsigned char buf[1];fd = open("/dev/sg90", O_WRONLY);if(fd < 0){printf("sg90 open failed\n");return 0;}buf[0] = atoi(argv[1]);write(fd, buf, 1);close(fd);return 0;
}