标签:Redis.Mybatis.Lock;
一、简介
缓存在项目开发中,基本上是必选组件之一,Redis作为一个key-value
存储系统,具备极高的数据读写效率,并且支持的数据类型比较丰富,在业务场景中的应用非常广泛;
Redis典型的应用场景就是数据缓存能力,用来解决业务中最容易出现的查询性能问题,提升系统的响应效率;其次就是分布式锁机制,用来解决分布式系统中多线程并发处理资源的安全问题;
二、工程搭建
1、工程结构
2、依赖管理
Redis的客户端使用的是lettuce
组件的6.2.4.RELEASE
版本,该组件具备可扩展和线程安全的特性,支持Redis各种高级功能,如哨兵,集群,流水线,自动重新连接等;
<!-- Redis组件 -->
<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId><version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring集成Redis组件 -->
<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.integration</groupId><artifactId>spring-integration-redis</artifactId><version>${spring-integration.version}</version>
</dependency>
3、Redis配置
配置文件,在lettuce
组件中默认使用的是common-pool2
连接池组件,在配置中定义几个常用的核心参数;
spring:# Redis配置data:redis:host: 127.0.0.1port: 6379database: 1# 读超时timeout: 3000# 连接超时connectTimeout: 5000# Lettuce连接池lettuce:pool:# 最小空闲连接min-idle: 5# 最大空闲连接max-idle: 10# 最大连接数max-active: 100# 连接分配应该阻塞的最大时间max-wait: 2000
配置类
@Configuration
public class RedisConfig {/*** RedisTemplate模板*/@Bean("redisTemplate")public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory factory) {RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate = new RedisTemplate<>();redisTemplate.setConnectionFactory(factory);redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());return redisTemplate;}/*** StringRedisTemplate模板*/@Beanpublic StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory factory) {StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate = new StringRedisTemplate();stringRedisTemplate.setConnectionFactory(factory);stringRedisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());return stringRedisTemplate;}/*** Redis分布式锁*/@Beanpublic RedisLockRegistry redisLockRegistry(RedisConnectionFactory factory){// 1、锁的密钥前缀:REDIS-LOCK// 2、锁的过期时间:20秒return new RedisLockRegistry(factory, "REDIS-LOCK",20000L);}
}
三、Redis用法
1、环境搭建
Redis文档中推荐使用brew
工具安装的方式,本地环境中是4.1
版本,可以搜索到redis@6.2
,即安装该版本,并且可以使用brew
命令管理Redis的启动和停止;
brew --version
Homebrew 4.1.0brew search redis
==> Formulae
redis redis-leveldb redis@3.2 redis@4.0 redis@6.2brew install redis@6.2brew services start redis@6.2
==> Successfully started `redis@6.2` (label: homebrew.mxcl.redis@6.2)brew services restart redis@6.2
==> Successfully stopped `redis@6.2` (label: homebrew.mxcl.redis@6.2)
==> Successfully started `redis@6.2` (label: homebrew.mxcl.redis@6.2)brew services stop redis@6.2
==> Successfully stopped `redis@6.2` (label: homebrew.mxcl.redis@6.2)
配置Redis环境变量,这样可以在命令行使用Redis原生的指令进行启动和客户端操作,在测试完成之后,Mac系统本地的redis@6.2
环境就配置好了;
open -e ~/.bash_profileexport REDIS_HOME=/usr/local/opt/redis@6.2
export PATH=$REDIS_HOME/bin:$PATHsource ~/.bash_profileredis-server
Redis 6.2.13 ,Running in standalone mode , Port: 6379 , PID: 7966redis-cli
127.0.0.1:6379> select 1
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> set redis-key redis-value
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get redis-key
"redis-value"
127.0.0.1:6379> del redis-key
(integer) 1
2、数据类型
Strings:字符串是最基本的数据类型,表示一个字节序列,也是最常使用的类型,单个最大能够存储512MB
;
public void dataString () throws Exception {// 1、添加K-V缓存redisTemplate.opsForValue().set("key-01","value-01",300, TimeUnit.SECONDS);// 2、添加JSON格式JsonMapper jsonMapper = new JsonMapper() ;String jsonVar = jsonMapper.writeValueAsString(new IdValue(1,"Json格式")) ;redisTemplate.opsForValue().set("key-02",jsonVar,500,TimeUnit.SECONDS);Object key01 = redisTemplate.opsForValue().get("key-01");Object key02 = redisTemplate.opsForValue().get("key-02");log.info("key01:{},key02:{}",key01,key02);
}
Lists:链表结构,可以有序的存储多个字符串值,基于数据左写入右读取的方式可以模拟消息队列,单个最大长度为2^32-1
;
public void dataList (){// 1、左侧写数据redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPushAll("data-list","value-01","value-02","value-03");// 2、右侧读数据Object rightPop01 = redisTemplate.opsForList().rightPop("data-list") ;Object rightPop02 = redisTemplate.opsForList().rightPop("data-list") ;log.info("rightPop01:{},rightPop02:{}",rightPop01,rightPop02);
}
Sets:用来存储无序的、唯一的字符串集合,通常用来跟踪分析唯一项的业务场景,比如唯一标签下的用户群,独立IP等;
public void dataSet (){// 1、写数据redisTemplate.opsForSet().add("data-set","Java","C++","Python","C++");// 2、读数据Object pop01 = redisTemplate.opsForSet().pop("data-set");Object pop02 = redisTemplate.opsForSet().pop("data-set");log.info("pop01:{},pop02:{}",pop01,pop02);
}
Hashes:Redis本身的K-V
结构上,在value中可以再次使用K-V
数据类型,在涉及大规模的关系型数据存储时,会优先使用该类型;
public void dataHash (){// 1、写数据HashMap<String,String> hashMap = new HashMap<>() ;hashMap.put("key1","value1") ;hashMap.put("key2","value2") ;redisTemplate.opsForHash().putAll("data-hash",hashMap);// 2、读数据Object kv1 = redisTemplate.opsForHash().get("data-hash","key1");Object kv2 = redisTemplate.opsForHash().get("data-hash","key2");log.info("kv1:{},kv2:{}",kv1,kv2);
}
Sorted-sets:唯一的字符串集合,但是可以通过每个字符串的相关分数来维持顺序,这里的分数可以表示排行顺序,也可以标识为对象的权重或优先级;
public void dataSortedSet (){// 1、写数据redisTemplate.opsForZSet().add("sorted-set","Java",1.0);redisTemplate.opsForZSet().add("sorted-set","Python",3.0);redisTemplate.opsForZSet().add("sorted-set","C++",2.0);// 2、读数据Object popMax = redisTemplate.opsForZSet().popMax("sorted-set");Object popMin = redisTemplate.opsForZSet().popMin("sorted-set");log.info("popMax:{},popMin:{}",popMax,popMin);
}
3、加锁机制
使用SETNX
方法即代码中的setIfAbsent
,如果key不存在,则设置key保存字符串的值,也就相当于SET,当key已经存在时,不执行任何操作;
@Service
public class RedisLockService {@Resourceprivate RedisTemplate<String,Object> redisTemplate ;public Boolean lock (String lock,long timeout){return redisTemplate.opsForValue().setIfAbsent(lock,lock,timeout, TimeUnit.SECONDS);}public void unLock (String lock){Object lockVal = redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(lock);if (!Objects.isNull(lockVal) && Objects.equals(lockVal.toString(),lock)){redisTemplate.delete(lock) ;}}
}
RedisLockRegistry
是由spring-integration
组件提供的封装类,基于Redis实现分布式锁的能力;有关于两种锁机制的测试,可以查看代码工程中RedisLockTest
单元测试类,
@Service
public class LockRegistryService {@Resourceprotected RedisLockRegistry redisLockRegistry;/*** 尝试一次加锁*/@SneakyThrowspublic <T> Boolean tryLock(T lockKey, Long time) {return redisLockRegistry.obtain(lockKey).tryLock(time, TimeUnit.SECONDS);}/*** 重试机制多次加锁*/@SneakyThrowspublic <T> Boolean reTryLock(T lockKey, Long time,int retryNum) {Boolean lockFlag = tryLock(lockKey, time);if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(lockFlag)) {return Boolean.TRUE;}for (int i = 0; i < retryNum; i++) {if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(tryLock(lockKey, time))){return Boolean.TRUE;}}return Boolean.FALSE;}/*** 释放锁*/public <T> void unlock(T lockKey) {redisLockRegistry.obtain(lockKey).unlock();}
}
四、Mybatis缓存
1、基础配置
在Mybatis框架中,一级缓存是指SqlSession
级别内;二级缓存是指Mapper
级别内,需要在配置文件中开启,二级缓存并不适用于频繁修改数据的业务场景;
配置文件
mybatis-plus:configuration:cache-enabled: truelog-impl: org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl
Mapper注解,这里使用自定义的MybatisCache
类,并且使用Redis组件来缓存数据;
@CacheNamespace(implementation = MybatisCache.class)
public interface ArticleMapper extends BaseMapper<Article> {}
2、自定义实现
通过实现Cache
接口,来定义二级缓存的处理策略,可以运行MybatisTest
测试类中的方法,分析其执行的原理,符合Cache-Aside
模式,即先查询缓存,如果未命中就查询数据库,并将结果写入缓存,数据更新时会删除相关缓存;
public class MybatisCache implements Cache {private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MybatisCache.class);private RedisTemplate<String,Object> redisTemplate ;private String id ;public MybatisCache (String id){log.info("mybatis...cache...id:{}",id);this.id = id ;}public RedisTemplate<String,Object> getRedisTemplate(){if(redisTemplate == null) {synchronized (MybatisCache.class) {if(redisTemplate == null) {redisTemplate = SpringContextUtil.getBean("redisTemplate",RedisTemplate.class);return redisTemplate;}return redisTemplate;}}return redisTemplate ;}@Overridepublic String getId() {return this.id ;}@Overridepublic void putObject(Object key, Object value) {log.info("mybatis...cache...put...key:{},value:{}",key,value);this.getRedisTemplate().opsForValue().set(String.valueOf(key),value,5, TimeUnit.MINUTES);}@Overridepublic Object getObject(Object key) {log.info("mybatis...cache...get...key:{}",key);return this.getRedisTemplate().opsForValue().get(String.valueOf(key)) ;}@Overridepublic Object removeObject(Object key) {log.info("mybatis...cache...remove...key:{}",key);return this.getRedisTemplate().delete(String.valueOf(key));}@Overridepublic void clear() {Set<String> keys = this.getRedisTemplate().keys("*" + id + "*");if (keys != null && keys.size()>0){log.info("mybatis...cache...clear...keys:{}",keys);this.getRedisTemplate().delete(keys) ;}}@Overridepublic int getSize() {Set<String> keys = this.getRedisTemplate().keys("*" + id + "*");if (keys != null){log.info("mybatis...cache...size...keys:{}",keys.size());return keys.size() ;}return 0;}
}
五、参考源码
文档仓库:
https://gitee.com/cicadasmile/butte-java-note源码仓库:
https://gitee.com/cicadasmile/butte-spring-parent