java使用swing制作桌面图形应用的实例教程

本篇文章主要讲解，java编程语言通过swing制作桌面图形应用的实例教程，通过一个简单的个人信息提交表单界面，让你了解swing的布局管理、窗口图标设置、编译和运行以及窗口菜单的设置。
日期：2023年8月25日

实际效果

在这里插入图片描述
弹出新窗口帮助文档界面：

说明：设置新窗口图标和主窗口一致，也可在新窗口设置布局，同主窗口的配置方式。

代码实例

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.Desktop;
import java.net.URI;public class MainWindow extends JFrame {public MainWindow() {setTitle("简易swing个人信息填写，多菜单界面demo实例");setSize(400, 300);setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);setLayout(new BorderLayout());setLocation(200, 100);// 设置任务栏图标Image taskbarIcon = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getImage("E:\\develop\\cursor\\java\\icon.png");setIconImage(taskbarIcon);// 创建菜单栏JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();setJMenuBar(menuBar);// 创建官网菜单项JMenuItem websiteMenuItem = new JMenuItem("官网");websiteMenuItem.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {@Overridepublic void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {openWebsite();}});// 创建帮助菜单项JMenuItem helpMenuItem = new JMenuItem("帮助");helpMenuItem.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {@Overridepublic void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {showHelpWindow();}});// 将菜单项添加到菜单栏JMenu menu = new JMenu("菜单");menuBar.add(menu);menu.add(websiteMenuItem);menu.add(helpMenuItem);// 创建个人信息填写表单JPanel formPanel = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());GridBagConstraints constraints = new GridBagConstraints();constraints.anchor = GridBagConstraints.WEST;JLabel nameLabel = new JLabel("姓名：");JTextField nameTextField = new JTextField(20);JLabel genderLabel = new JLabel("性别：");JRadioButton maleRadioButton = new JRadioButton("男");JRadioButton femaleRadioButton = new JRadioButton("女");ButtonGroup genderButtonGroup = new ButtonGroup();genderButtonGroup.add(maleRadioButton);genderButtonGroup.add(femaleRadioButton);JLabel hobbyLabel = new JLabel("爱好：");JCheckBox javaCheckBox = new JCheckBox("Java");JCheckBox pythonCheckBox = new JCheckBox("Python");JCheckBox cSharpCheckBox = new JCheckBox("C#");JLabel introLabel = new JLabel("简介：");JTextArea introTextArea = new JTextArea(5, 20);JLabel dropdownLabel = new JLabel("下拉：");String[] dropdownOptions = {"不内卷", "规避竞争的最好方法是避免竞争", "养生上班才好"};JComboBox<String> dropdownComboBox = new JComboBox<>(dropdownOptions);JButton submitButton = new JButton("提交");submitButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {@Overridepublic void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {submitForm(nameTextField.getText(), maleRadioButton.isSelected(),javaCheckBox.isSelected(), pythonCheckBox.isSelected(),cSharpCheckBox.isSelected(), introTextArea.getText(),dropdownComboBox.getSelectedItem().toString());}});//设置布局constraints.gridx = 0;//设置x坐标constraints.gridy = 0;//设置y坐标formPanel.add(nameLabel, constraints);//添加组件constraints.gridx = 1;constraints.gridwidth = 3;//设置宽度formPanel.add(nameTextField, constraints);constraints.gridx = 0;constraints.gridy = 1;formPanel.add(genderLabel, constraints);constraints.gridx = 1;formPanel.add(maleRadioButton, constraints);constraints.gridx = 2;formPanel.add(femaleRadioButton, constraints);constraints.gridx = 0;constraints.gridy = 2;formPanel.add(hobbyLabel, constraints);constraints.gridx = 1;constraints.gridwidth = 1;formPanel.add(javaCheckBox, constraints);constraints.gridx = 2;constraints.gridwidth = 1;formPanel.add(pythonCheckBox, constraints);constraints.gridx = 3;constraints.gridwidth = 1;formPanel.add(cSharpCheckBox, constraints);constraints.gridx = 0;constraints.gridy = 3;formPanel.add(introLabel, constraints);constraints.gridx = 1;constraints.gridwidth = 3;formPanel.add(introTextArea, constraints);constraints.gridx = 0;constraints.gridy = 4;formPanel.add(dropdownLabel, constraints);constraints.gridx = 1;constraints.gridwidth = 3;formPanel.add(dropdownComboBox, constraints);constraints.gridx = 5;constraints.gridy = 6;constraints.gridwidth = 4;formPanel.add(submitButton, constraints);add(formPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);setVisible(true);}//打开官网private void openWebsite() {int result = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(this, "点击确认即可打开www.youqiong.net", "打开官网", JOptionPane.OK_CANCEL_OPTION, JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);if (result == JOptionPane.OK_OPTION) {try {URI uri = new URI("https://www.youqiong.net");Desktop desktop = Desktop.getDesktop();if (desktop.isSupported(Desktop.Action.BROWSE)) {desktop.browse(uri);}} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}//显示新窗口private void showHelpWindow() {JFrame helpWindow = new JFrame();JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane();JTextPane textPane = new JTextPane();StringBuilder content = new StringBuilder();for (int i = 1; i <= 200; i++) {content.append(i).append("\n");}textPane.setText(content.toString());scrollPane.setViewportView(textPane);helpWindow.add(scrollPane);helpWindow.setTitle("帮助窗口");helpWindow.setSize(400, 300);helpWindow.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);helpWindow.setVisible(true);}//弹出表单信息private void submitForm(String name, boolean isMale, boolean hasJavaHobby,boolean hasPythonHobby, boolean hasCSharpHobby,String intro, String selectedOption) {JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "姓名：" + name + "\n"+ "性别：" + (isMale ? "男" : "女") + "\n"+ "爱好：" + (hasJavaHobby ? "Java " : "") + "\n"+ "      " + (hasPythonHobby ? "Python " : "") + "\n"+ "      " + (hasCSharpHobby ? "C#" : "") + "\n"+ "个人简介：" + intro + "\n"+ "下拉框选项：" + selectedOption, "个人基本信息", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);}//实例化窗口public static void main(String[] args) {SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {@Overridepublic void run() {new MainWindow();}});}
}