职责链模式又叫命令链、CoR、Chain of Command、Chain of Responsibility。
该模式允许你将请求沿着处理者链进行发送,使多个对象都可以处理请求,每个对象有权决定处理或传递给下个节点。
客户端:用来定义职责链条。
处理者:声明了所有具体处理者的通用接口。 该接口通常仅包含单个方法用于请求处理, 但有时其还会包含一个设置链上下个处理者的方法。
具体处理类:处理请求的实际代码,决定是否处理以及向下传递。
接下来阐述下,职责链模式的各级构成,既然是响应请求,首先得有请求。这里以一个采购审批为例子。
1.请求体
请求者类(普通类):包含两个属性(编号:id 和价格:price)
public class Request {//请求编号private int id;//请求价格private float price;/*** @param id* @param price*/public Request(int id, float price) {super();this.id = id;this.price = price;}public int getId() {return id;}public float getPrice() {return price;}
}
2.抽象处理类
责任链的抽象处理类,顶层接口只生命,不做具体实现。
/*** 类描述:责任链之抽象处理类** @ClassName Handler* @Author ward* @Date 2023-09-01 18:26*/
public abstract class Handler {//创建实现对象,主要用于被定义protected Handler successor;//处理者的名称String name;/*** @param name* 构造器,传入名称即可*/public Handler(String name) {super();this.name = name;}public void setSuccessor(Handler successor) {this.successor = successor;}//业务处理方法,抽象的public abstract void process(ProcureRequest procureRequest);
}
3.具体业务处理类
主任处理类
/*** 类描述:主任处理类** @ClassName DirectorHandler* @Author ward* @Date 2023-09-02 10:54*/
public class DirectorHandler extends Handler {private static final float PRICE = 10000f;/*** @param name 构造器,传入名称即可*/public DirectorHandler(String name) {super(name);}@Overridepublic void process(ProcureRequest procureRequest) {//如果金额小于等于10000,由学校主任审批if (procureRequest.getPrice() <= PRICE) {System.out.println("请求编号: " + procureRequest.getId() + "被" + name + "处理");} else {System.out.println("请求编号: " + procureRequest.getId() + "," + name + "已签字");successor.process(procureRequest);}}
}
财务处理类
/*** 类描述:财务处理类** @ClassName FinanceHandler* @Author ward* @Date 2023-09-02 10:38*/
public class FinanceHandler extends Handler {private static final float PRICE_1 = 10000f;private static final float PRICE_2 = 20000f;private static final String name = "财务";public FinanceHandler(String name) {super(name);}@Overridepublic void process(ProcureRequest procureRequest) {//如果金额大于10000,小于20000,由学校财务审批if (procureRequest.getPrice() > PRICE_1 && procureRequest.getPrice() <= PRICE_2) {System.out.println("请求编号: " + procureRequest.getId() + "被" + name + "处理");} else {System.out.println("请求编号: " + procureRequest.getId() + "," + name + "已签字");successor.process(procureRequest);}}
}
校长处理类
/*** 类描述:校长处理类** @ClassName SchoolMasterHandler* @Author ward* @Date 2023-09-02 10:56*/
public class SchoolMasterHandler extends Handler {private static final float PRICE = 20000f;private static final String name = "校长";/*** @param name 构造器,传入名称即可*/public SchoolMasterHandler(String name) {super(name);}@Overridepublic void process(ProcureRequest procureRequest) {//如果金额大于20000,由学校校长审批if (procureRequest.getPrice() > PRICE) {System.out.println("请求编号: " + procureRequest.getId() + "被" + name + "处理");} else {System.out.println("请求编号: " + procureRequest.getId() + "," + name + "已签字");successor.process(procureRequest);}}
}
4.客户端
这里就是关于创建完实际处理类之后我们如何去把链条建立起来,其实这个一般是封装起来的,然后。
/*** 类描述:客户端** @ClassName Client* @Author ward* @Date 2023-09-02 11:06*/
public class Client {public static void testChain(int id, int price) {//创建请求对象ProcureRequest procureRequest = new ProcureRequest(id, price);//创建各个处理者Handler directorHandler = new DirectorHandler("学校主任");Handler financeHandler = new FinanceHandler("学校财务");Handler schoolMasterHandler = new SchoolMasterHandler("学校校长");//设置链条下一级directorHandler.setSuccessor(financeHandler);financeHandler.setSuccessor(schoolMasterHandler);//开始处理directorHandler.process(procureRequest);}public static void main(String[] args) {int[] priceArr = {500, 10001, 20001};int id = 1;for (int price : priceArr) {testChain(id, price);id++;}}}
5.子标题
正文
在这里插入代码片