1.单链表
线性表:1.有限的序列 2.序列中的每一个元素都有唯一的前驱和后继,除了开头和结尾的两个节点。
顺序表:分配一块连续的内存去存放这些元素,eg、数组
链表:内存是不连续的,元素会各自被分配一块内存,内存和内存之间用指针进行相连。
顺序表和链表的区别是内存的连续与否
data域 | next指针域 ——> data域 | next指针域 ——> data域 | next指针域 ——> NULL
单链表的操作:
1.增加 :1>头插法 2>尾插法
1>插入——> data域 | next指针域 ——> data域 | next指针域 ——> data域 | next指针域 ——> NULL
2>data域 | next指针域 ——> data域 | next指针域 ——> data域 | next指针域 ——> 插入——>NULL
2.删除:用前一个节点的指针直接指向对应节点的后一个节点的前驱,只操作一个指针。
为了使操作方便,在操作中添加一个头节点。头节点并不实际存储,只保存链表中的元素个数。
代码实现:
定义一个结构体:
typedef struct Node {//定义一个结构体int data;struct Node* next;
}Node;
初始化一个链表:
Node* initList() {//初始化一个链表Node* list = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));list->data = 0;list->next = NULL;return list;
}
头插法:
void headInsert(Node* list,int data){//头插法Node* node = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));node->data = data;node->next = list->next;list->next = node;list->data++;//代表当前链表之中插入元素
}
尾插法:
void tailInsert(Node* list, int data){//尾插法Node* head = list;Node* node = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));node->data = data;node->next = NULL;list = list->next;while (list->next) {list = list->next;}list->next = node;head->data++;
}
删除:
void Delete(Node* list, int data){//删除Node* head = list;Node* pre = list;Node* current = list->next;list = list->next;while (current){if (current->data == data){pre->next = current->next;free(current);break;}pre = current;current = current->next;}list->data--;
}
遍历操作:
void printList(Node* list) {//遍历操作list = list->next;while (list){printf("%d ", list->data);list = list->next;}printf("\n");
}
main函数:
int main()
{Node* list = initList();headInsert(list, 1);headInsert(list, 2);headInsert(list, 3);headInsert(list, 4);headInsert(list, 5);tailInsert(list, 6);tailInsert(list, 7);tailInsert(list, 8);tailInsert(list, 9);tailInsert(list, 10);printList(list);Delete(list, 5);printList(list);Delete(list, 10);printList(list);Delete(list, 6);printList(list);return 0;
}
整体函数:
typedef struct Node {//定义一个结构体int data;struct Node* next;
}Node;Node* initList() {//初始化一个链表Node* list = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));list->data = 0;list->next = NULL;return list;
}void headInsert(Node* list,int data){//头插法Node* node = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));node->data = data;node->next = list->next;list->next = node;list->data++;//代表当前链表之中插入元素
}void tailInsert(Node* list, int data){//尾插法Node* head = list;Node* node = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));node->data = data;node->next = NULL;list = list->next;while (list->next) {list = list->next;}list->next = node;head->data++;
}void Delete(Node* list, int data){//删除Node* head = list;Node* pre = list;Node* current = list->next;list = list->next;while (current){if (current->data == data){pre->next = current->next;free(current);break;}pre = current;current = current->next;}list->data--;
}void printList(Node* list) {//遍历操作list = list->next;while (list){printf("%d ", list->data);list = list->next;}printf("\n");
}int main()
{Node* list = initList();headInsert(list, 1);headInsert(list, 2);headInsert(list, 3);headInsert(list, 4);headInsert(list, 5);tailInsert(list, 6);tailInsert(list, 7);tailInsert(list, 8);tailInsert(list, 9);tailInsert(list, 10);printList(list);Delete(list, 5);printList(list);Delete(list, 10);printList(list);Delete(list, 6);printList(list);return 0;
}
运行结果: