10、SpringBoot_测试用例

四、测试用例

1.准备工作

添加依赖

<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId><version>1.2.15</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId><artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId><version>2.2.2</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-j</artifactId><scope>runtime</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope><exclusions><exclusion><groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId><artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId></exclusion></exclusions></dependency>

写mapper

@Mapper
@Repository
public interface ItemMapper {@Insert("insert into item(name,remark) value(#{name},#{remark})")boolean insert(Item item);@Select("select * from item where id = #{id}")public Item getById(Long id);}

写接口

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/item")
@Slf4j
public class ItemController {@AutowiredItemMapper mapper;@GetMapping("/{id}")public Item getById(@PathVariable Long id){return mapper.getById(id);}@PostMappingpublic boolean save(@RequestBody Item item){log.info("获取方法的入参为:{}",item);return mapper.insert(item);}}

写 domain

@Data
public class Item {private Long id;private String name;private String remark;
}

提供配置文件

spring:datasource:druid:url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springboot_ssmusername: rootpassword: 123456driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

2.Web环境模拟测试

2.1目前存在的问题

实际测试没有走mvcweb环境，是直接调用接口的

@SpringBootTest
class SpringbootTestApplicationTests {@AutowiredItemController controller;@Testpublic void testSave(){Item item = new Item();item.setName("键盘");item.setRemark("1000元");controller.save(item);}
}

数据是实际添加到数据库的，应该回滚
缺乏实际返回值的对比

2.2模拟web环境测试

添加如下属性

@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)

在这里插入图片描述

开启虚拟mvc调用
```
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
```

测试一个请求方法

@Testpublic void getById(@Autowired MockMvc mvc) throws Exception {// @Autowired MockMvc mvc   也可以通过设置全局变量进行注入//创建虚拟请求的MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder =MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/item/29");mvc.perform(builder);}

2.3预期结果比较

对于请求结果的比对，使用andExcept方法比较

比较请求状态码

@Testpublic void getById(@Autowired MockMvc mvc) throws Exception {//创建虚拟请求的MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder =MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/item/20");ResultActions actions = mvc.perform(builder);//定义请求结果的预期值ResultMatcher ok = MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk();actions.andExpect(ok);}

比较实际返回值

@Testpublic void getById(@Autowired MockMvc mvc) throws Exception {//创建虚拟请求的MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder =MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/item/20");ResultActions actions = mvc.perform(builder);//定义请求结果的预期值ResultMatcher ok = MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk();actions.andExpect(ok);//比较你实际结果值ResultMatcher json = MockMvcResultMatchers.content().json("{\n" +"  \"id\": 20,\n" +"  \"name\": \"笔记本电脑\",\n" +"  \"remark\": \"1二手电脑只要一千块\"\n" +"}");actions.andExpect(json);}

如果返回值和实际不匹配会提示如下错误

比较响应头

	    @Testpublic void getByIdHeader(@Autowired MockMvc mvc) throws Exception {//创建虚拟请求的MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder =MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/item/20");ResultActions actions = mvc.perform(builder);//比较响应头ResultMatcher header = MockMvcResultMatchers.header().string("Content-Type","application/json");actions.andExpect(header);}

发起post 请求直接在 content 中添加json转字符串即可

      @Testpublic void postItemBoolean(@Autowired MockMvc mvc,@Autowired ItemTest itemTest) throws Exception {Item item = new Item();item.setName("键盘111");item.setRemark("1000元1111");System.out.println("==================");System.out.println(itemTest);//创建虚拟请求的MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder =MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/item");builder.contentType("application/json");builder.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();String s = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(itemTest);builder.content(s);ResultActions actions = mvc.perform(builder);MvcResult mvcResult = actions.andReturn();System.out.println(mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus());ResultMatcher ret = MockMvcResultMatchers.content().string("true");actions.andExpect(ret);}

2.4.测试用例数据设定###

直接提供配置即可

testcase:item:name: ${random.int(5)}remark: ${random.int(5)}

domain

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "testcase.item")
@Component
@Data
public class ItemTest {private String name;private String remark;
}

2.5数据层测试回滚

使用注解 rollback + Transactional

@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
//开启虚拟mvc的调用
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
@Rollback
@Transactional
class SpringbootTestApplicationTests {
}