【C#】标准WebService Soap1.1 兼容 ContentType: application/xml

一、问题描述

1.1 ESB平台要求

ContentType：application/xml
Soap协议版本：1.1

1.2 提供的 WebService 接口

语言：C#
目标框架：.NetFramework 4.6.1

1.3 Postman 测试结果

`HTTP Error 415.0 - Unsupported Media Type`

服务器无法为请求提供服务，因为不支持该媒体类型。
最可能的原因:
所请求文件的格式已由服务器配置为不可进行下载。

可尝试的操作:
确认所请求文件的格式有效。

Detailed Error Information:


Module	ManagedPipelineHandler	Requested URL	http://localhost:55305/WebService.asmx?op=callBussiness
Notification	ExecuteRequestHandler	Physical Path	…\ESBWebService.asmx
Handler	WebServiceHandlerFactory-Integrated-4.0	Logon Method	匿名
Error Code	0x00000000	Logon User	匿名

More Information:
如果服务器因不支持该文件类型而无法为请求提供服务，就会出现此错误。
View more information »

二、问题说明

C# 使用创建的标准WebService 只支持以下ContentType类型

SOAP 1.1 ： text/xml; charset=utf-8
SOAP 1.2 ： application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8
HTTP POST： application/x-www-form-urlencoded

综上所述，要想解决此问题，由以下两种途径：

与ESB平台人员沟通，要求使用WebService所支持的媒体类型text/xml;
自己扩展SOAP，拦截application/xml类型的请求

三、解决方案

3.1 与ESB平台人员沟通，要求使用WebService所支持的媒体类型`text/xml;`

在这里插入图片描述

3.2 自己扩展SOAP，拦截`application/xml`类型的请求

要在C# WebService 启动服务时支持application/xml文件类型，您可以通过在 WebService 服务代码中添加一个 SOAP 扩展来实现。

3.2.1 扩展 SoapExtensionAttribute

[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method)]
public class ESBSoapExtensionAttribute : SoapExtensionAttribute
{private int priority;public ESBSoapExtensionAttribute(){}public override Type ExtensionType{get { return typeof(ESBSoapExtension); }}public override int Priority{get { return priority; }set { priority = value; }}
}

3.2.2 扩展 SoapExtension

在ProcessMessage中判断ContentType是不是"application/xml"，如果是则替换为可以被解析的"text/xml"

public class ESBSoapExtension : SoapExtension
{public ESBSoapExtension extension;public override object GetInitializer(LogicalMethodInfo methodInfo, SoapExtensionAttribute attribute){return extension ?? (extension = new ESBSoapExtension());}public override object GetInitializer(Type serviceType){return extension ?? (extension = new ESBSoapExtension());}public override void Initialize(object initializer){//base.Initialize(initializer);}public override void ProcessMessage(SoapMessage message){// 检查请求头Content-Type是否为"application/xml"try{switch (message.Stage){case SoapMessageStage.BeforeDeserialize:if (message is SoapServerMessage serverMessage && serverMessage.ContentType.Contains("application/xml")){// 设置响应头Content-Type为"application/xml"serverMessage.ContentType = "text/xml";}break;case SoapMessageStage.BeforeSerialize:break;case SoapMessageStage.AfterSerialize:break;case SoapMessageStage.AfterDeserialize:// 在反序列化之后进行处理（响应阶段）break;default:break;}}catch(Exception exp){}}
}

3.2.3 在方法`callBussiness`上注入扩展

 [WebMethod(Description = "调用业务")][ESBSoapExtension(Priority =1)]public string callBussiness(string message){return message;}

** 完整代码**

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Script.Serialization;
using System.Web.Services;
using System.Web.Services.Protocols;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Serialization;
using Rss_WebServer.code;[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method)]
public class ESBSoapExtensionAttribute : SoapExtensionAttribute
{private int priority;public ESBSoapExtensionAttribute(){}public override Type ExtensionType{get { return typeof(ESBSoapExtension); }}public override int Priority{get { return priority; }set { priority = value; }}}public class ESBSoapExtension : SoapExtension
{public ESBSoapExtension extension;public override object GetInitializer(LogicalMethodInfo methodInfo, SoapExtensionAttribute attribute){return extension ?? (extension = new ESBSoapExtension());}public override object GetInitializer(Type serviceType){return extension ?? (extension = new ESBSoapExtension());}public override void Initialize(object initializer){//base.Initialize(initializer);}public override void ProcessMessage(SoapMessage message){// 检查请求头Content-Type是否为"application/xml"try{switch (message.Stage){case SoapMessageStage.BeforeDeserialize:if (message is SoapServerMessage serverMessage && serverMessage.ContentType.Contains("application/xml")){// 设置响应头Content-Type为"application/xml"serverMessage.ContentType = "text/xml";}break;case SoapMessageStage.BeforeSerialize:break;case SoapMessageStage.AfterSerialize:break;case SoapMessageStage.AfterDeserialize:// 在反序列化之后进行处理（响应阶段）break;default:break;}}catch(Exception exp){}}
}namespace ESB
{/// <summary>/// WebService 的摘要说明/// </summary>[WebService(Namespace = "http://esb.webservice")][WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo = WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)][System.ComponentModel.ToolboxItem(false)]// 若要允许使用 ASP.NET AJAX 从脚本中调用此 Web 服务，请取消注释以下行。 [System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptService]public class WebService : System.Web.Services.WebService{public override object GetService(Type service){return base.GetService(service);}public WebService(){//this.Application.sathis.Context.Request.ContentType = "application/xml";}[WebMethod(Description = "调用业务")][ESBSoapExtension(Priority =1)]public string callBussiness(string message){try{if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(message)){message = WebServiceAnalysis(base.Context.Request, nameof(message));}return message;}catch (Exception exp){return exp.Message;}}/// <summary>/// 重新解析 WebService/// </summary>/// <param name="request"></param>/// <param name="name"></param>/// <returns></returns>private string WebServiceAnalysis(System.Web.HttpRequest request, string name){try{if (request.ContentLength == 0){throw new Exception($"Body(xml数据) 无数据");}// 获取请求内容Stream inputStream = request.InputStream;// 重新获取内容inputStream.Position = 0;// 读取请求主体内容using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(inputStream, Encoding.UTF8)){string requestBody = reader.ReadToEnd();XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument();xmlDoc.LoadXml(requestBody);XmlNode strNode = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode($"//{name}");if (strNode != null){return strNode.InnerText;}else{throw new Exception($"未在Body(xml数据)找到{name}节点");}}}catch (Exception exp){throw exp;}}}
}