STM32 HAL库USART串口中断编程：环形缓冲区防止数据丢失

HAL_UART_Receive接收最容易丢数据了,可以考虑用中断来实现,但是HAL_UART_Receive_IT还不能直接用,容易数据丢失,实际工作中不会这样用,STM32 HAL库USART串口中断编程：演示数据丢失,需要在此基础优化一下. 本文介绍STM32F103 HAL库USART串口中断,利用环形缓冲区来防止数据丢失.

一、开发环境

二、配置STM32CubeMX

三、代码实现与部署

四、运行结果：

五、注意事项

主要是5个函数的调用和实现.

HAL_UART_Receive_IT();
HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(huart);void circle_buf_init(p_circle_buf pCircleBuf, uint32_t len, uint8_t *buf);//初始化环形缓冲区int circle_buf_read(p_circle_buf pCircleBuf, uint8_t *pVal);//读取环形缓冲区int circle_buf_write(p_circle_buf pCircleBuf, uint8_t val);//写环形缓冲区

1.HAL_UART_Receive_IT:UART 并不会自动继续下一轮的接收中断配置,需要再调用重新开启HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, &g_RecvChar, 1).只是使能了中断,会启动一次中断接收,不代表收到数据了.接收1字节实时性更强,灵活性,占内存更少。

2.HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(huart);在回调函数设置标志位,告诉已经传输完毕了,将接收数据写入环形缓冲区,当这一次接收完成后，UART 并不会自动继续下一轮的接收中断配置,需要再调用重新开启.

从源头到调用回调函数的调用过程, USART1_IRQHandler->void USART1_IRQHandler(void)->void HAL_UART_IRQHandler(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)-> UART_Receive_IT(huart)-> __HAL_UART_DISABLE_IT(huart, UART_IT_RXNE)-> HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(huart);

一、开发环境

硬件：正点原子精英版 V2 STM32F103开发板

单片机：STM32F103ZET6

Keil版本：5.32

STM32CubeMX版本：6.9.2

STM32Cube MCU Packges版本：STM32F1xx_DFP.2.4.1
串口：USART1(PA9,PA10)

二、配置STM32CubeMX

1.启动STM32CubeMX，新建STM32CubeMX项目：

2.选择MCU：在软件中选择你的STM32型号-STM32F103ZET6。

3.选择时钟源：

4.配置时钟：

5.使能Debug功能：Serial Wire

6.HAL库时基选择：SysTick

7.USART1配置：选择异步模式,使能中断。

8.配置工程参数：在Project标签页中，配置项目名称和位置，选择工具链MDK-ARM。 9.生成代码：在Code Generator标签页中，配置工程外设文件与HAL库，勾选头文件.c和.h文件分开，然后点击Project > Generate Code生成代码。

三、代码实现与部署

main.c增加代码：

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file           : main.c* @brief          : Main program body******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2025 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include <string.h>
#include"circle_buffer.h"/* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
extern UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;
static circle_buf g_CircleBuf;
uint32_t buf_len;
static uint8_t g_RecvChar;
static uint8_t g_RecvBuf[150];
int UART1_read(uint8_t *pVal)
{return circle_buf_read(&g_CircleBuf, pVal);
}/* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV *//* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
char *str= "hello\r\n";
char c;
/* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 *//* USER CODE END 0 *//*** @brief  The application entry point.* @retval int*/
int main(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();MX_USART1_UART_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,str,strlen(str),1000);circle_buf_init(&g_CircleBuf, 150, g_RecvBuf);//初始化环形缓冲区HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1,&g_RecvChar,1);//一开始就打开中断/* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while (1){/* USER CODE END WHILE *//* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */while (0 != UART1_read(&c));HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, &c, 1, 1000);HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, "\r\n", 2, 1000);//耗时,导致数据丢失.}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}/*** @brief System Clock Configuration* @retval None*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.*/RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
static volatile int g_rx_cplt = 0;void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{g_rx_cplt=1; circle_buf_write(&g_CircleBuf,g_RecvChar); //写入环形缓冲区HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, &g_RecvChar, 1);	//当这一次接收完成后，UART 并不会自动继续下一轮的接收中断配置,需要再调用重新开启
}/* USER CODE END 4 *//*** @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.* @retval None*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */__disable_irq();while (1){}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/*** @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number*         where the assert_param error has occurred.* @param  file: pointer to the source file name* @param  line: assert_param error line source number* @retval None*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

2.增加代码circle_buffer.h,circle_buffer.c

#ifndef _CIRCLE_BUF_H
#define _CIRCLE_BUF_H#include <stdint.h>typedef struct circle_buf {uint32_t r;uint32_t w;uint32_t len;uint8_t *buf;
}circle_buf, *p_circle_buf;void circle_buf_init(p_circle_buf pCircleBuf, uint32_t len, uint8_t *buf);int circle_buf_read(p_circle_buf pCircleBuf, uint8_t *pVal);int circle_buf_write(p_circle_buf pCircleBuf, uint8_t val);#endif /* _CIRCLE_BUF_H */

#include <stdint.h>
#include "circle_buffer.h"void circle_buf_init(p_circle_buf pCircleBuf, uint32_t len, uint8_t *buf)
{pCircleBuf->r = pCircleBuf->w = 0;pCircleBuf->len = len;pCircleBuf->buf = buf;
}int circle_buf_read(p_circle_buf pCircleBuf, uint8_t *pVal)
{if (pCircleBuf->r != pCircleBuf->w){*pVal = pCircleBuf->buf[pCircleBuf->r];pCircleBuf->r++;if (pCircleBuf->r == pCircleBuf->len)pCircleBuf->r = 0;return 0;}else{return -1;}
}int circle_buf_write(p_circle_buf pCircleBuf, uint8_t val)
{uint32_t next_w;next_w = pCircleBuf->w + 1;if (next_w == pCircleBuf->len)next_w = 0;if (next_w != pCircleBuf->r){pCircleBuf->buf[pCircleBuf->w] = val;pCircleBuf->w = next_w;return 0;}else{return -1;}
}

3.连接USART1：用USB转TTL工具连接当前硬件USART1的PA9、PA10，GND。