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Authentication:鉴定身份信息，例如用户有没有登录，用户基本信息 -
Authorization:判定用户有没有权限
使用框架提供的Cookie鉴权方式
1.首先在服务容器注入鉴权服务和Cookie服务支持
services.AddAuthentication(options =>
{options.DefaultAuthenticateScheme = CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;//不能少options.DefaultSignInScheme = CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;options.DefaultChallengeScheme = "Cookie/Login";
})
.AddCookie(options =>{});
2.注册鉴权和授权中间件,用于在管道中调用拦截校验鉴权和授权
app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseAuthorization();
3.在控制器引入特性 [Authorize] ，调用登录接口时使用HttpContext.SignInAsync()写入鉴权信息
[AllowAnonymous][HttpPost]public async Task<IActionResult> LoginAsync(string name, string password){//用户名密码不正确直接返回if (!"Admin".Equals(name) || !"123456".Equals(password)){return new JsonResult(new { Result = false, Message = "登录失败" });}var claimIdentity = new ClaimsIdentity("Cookie");claimIdentity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, name));claimIdentity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Email, "MyEmail@qq.com"));claimIdentity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.System, "EmployeeManager"));var Properties = new AuthenticationProperties{ExpiresUtc = DateTime.UtcNow.AddMinutes(30),};//写入鉴权信息await base.HttpContext.SignInAsync(new ClaimsPrincipal(claimIdentity), Properties);return new JsonResult(new { Result = true, Message = "登录成功" });}4.因为调用 HttpContext.AuthenticateAsync() 获取鉴权的步骤，由第二部注册的中间件AuthenticationMiddleware已经替我们完成，所以可以直接在控制器内部获取HttpContext.User信息，系统提供的相对于自己实现的，框架帮我们封装了获取鉴权信息，并把它加入管道中，而不用每次在控制器中手动获取鉴权信息。
[HttpGet]public IActionResult Authentication(){//这里由中间件管道已经实现了鉴权信息取值var CookiesInfo = base.HttpContext.User;if (CookiesInfo != null){return new JsonResult(new { Result = true, Message = $"鉴权认证成功，用户已登录" });}return new JsonResult(new { Result = true, Message = $"鉴权认证失败，用户未登录" });}
