前言

一般我们代码生成了之后，就不会动了。而可动的参数一般写在配置文件里面。配置语言的格式一般有一下几种

	优点	缺点
xml	扩展性强，歧义性小	对于人来说过于冗长
Json	可读性强	无法添加注释
yaml	可读取强	缩进地狱,手动修改时极其容易出现问题

选择Xml

首先Xml的文件不是我们自己生成的，而是机器自己主动生成的。因为我们一般的使用逻辑是

对于我们配置人员来说，修改的部分是比较少的，而且由于其极强的拓展性，可以添加许多的注释。所以我打算使用Xml来生成对应的配置文档。而Json由于其修改时容易出错和扩展性的问题，我暂时就不用了。

简单的Xml使用

微软其实已经帮我们封装好了Xml的操控类。这里直接用序列化对象就行了

微软 XML 序列化示例。

测试用例

  public class MyConfigService{public string Name { get; set; }public string Description { get; set; }public int Id { get; set; }public bool IsEnabled { get; set; }public enum MyKeys { Apple,Banana,Pear}public MyKeys SettingKey { get; set; }public MyConfigService() { }}

简单的写

            MyConfigService myConfigService = new MyConfigService() {Name = "坤坤",Description = "偶像练习生",Id = 114514,IsEnabled = false,SettingKey = MyConfigService.MyKeys.Pear};var xmlHelper = new XmlSerializer(typeof(MyConfigService));StreamWriter xmlWriter = new StreamWriter("MyConfig.xml");xmlHelper.Serialize(xmlWriter, myConfigService);xmlWriter.Close();

简单的读

     static void Main(string[] args){MyConfigService myConfigService = new MyConfigService(){Name = "坤坤",Description = "偶像练习生",Id = 114514,IsEnabled = false,SettingKey = MyConfigService.MyKeys.Pear};var xmlHelper = new XmlSerializer(typeof(MyConfigService));//StreamWriter xmlWriter = new StreamWriter("MyConfig.xml");//xmlHelper.Serialize(xmlWriter, myConfigService);//xmlWriter.Close();StreamReader xmlReader = new StreamReader("MyConfig.xml");var res = xmlHelper.Deserialize(xmlReader);Console.WriteLine(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(res));Console.WriteLine("运行完成！");Console.ReadKey();}

简单的生成配置

C# XML序列化/反序列化参考

修改配置类

    /// <summary>/// 重命名根节点/// </summary>[XmlRoot("RootTest")]public class MyConfigService{/// <summary>/// 重命名，从Name变成extra/// </summary>[XmlElement("extra")]public string Name { get; set; }public string Description { get; set; }public int Id { get; set; }public bool IsEnabled { get; set; }public enum MyKeys { Apple,Banana,Pear}public MyKeys SettingKey { get; set; }/// <summary>/// 以Default属性的形式加载到根节点上面/// </summary>[XmlAttribute()]public string Default = "描述";public MyConfigService() { }}

测试用例

  static void Main(string[] args){MyConfigService myConfigService = new MyConfigService(){Name = "坤坤",Description = "偶像练习生",Id = 114514,IsEnabled = false,SettingKey = MyConfigService.MyKeys.Pear};var xmlHelper = new XmlSerializer(typeof(MyConfigService));StreamWriter xmlWriter = new StreamWriter("MyConfig.xml");//去掉烦人的命名空间XmlSerializerNamespaces ns = new XmlSerializerNamespaces();ns.Add("", "");xmlHelper.Serialize(xmlWriter, myConfigService,ns);xmlWriter.Close();//StreamReader xmlReader = new StreamReader("MyConfig.xml");//var res = xmlHelper.Deserialize(xmlReader);//Console.WriteLine(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(res));Console.WriteLine("运行完成！");Console.ReadKey();}

运行结果对比

代码逻辑封装

逻辑示意

封装好的代码

   public class MyXmlConfigHelper<T>{public T Setting { get; set; }public string FileName { get; set; } = "MyConfig.xml";public string DirectoryPath{get{var regex = new Regex(@"\\(\w+)\.(\w+)$");return regex.Split(FullPath)[0];}}public string DebugPath { get => Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(); }public string FullPath { get => DebugPath + "\\" + FileName; }public bool IsFileExist { get => File.Exists(FullPath); }public bool IsDirectoryExist { get => Directory.Exists(DirectoryPath); }public Action<string> ShowMsg { get; set; } = (msg)=>Console.WriteLine(msg);public MyXmlConfigHelper(){}public MyXmlConfigHelper(string filename){FileName = filename;if (!IsDirectoryExist){DirectoryInfo directoryInfo = new DirectoryInfo(DirectoryPath);directoryInfo.Create();}}public MyXmlConfigHelper(T setting ,string filename):this(filename){Setting = setting;}/// <summary>/// 创建文件/// </summary>public void Init(){if(IsFileExist){try{Read();}catch (Exception ex){ShowMsg(ex.ToString());throw new Exception("文件读取失败!请确认是否配置文件格式是否正确");}}else{Write();}}/// <summary>/// 覆盖文件/// </summary>public void ReInit(){ShowMsg("正在覆盖配置文件：" + FullPath);Write();}/// <summary>/// 写入配置类/// </summary>private void Write(){ShowMsg("正在生成配置文件：" + FullPath);var xmlHelper = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T));using (StreamWriter xmlWriter = new StreamWriter(FullPath)){//去掉烦人的命名空间XmlSerializerNamespaces ns = new XmlSerializerNamespaces();ns.Add("", "");xmlHelper.Serialize(xmlWriter, Setting, ns);xmlWriter.Close();}}/// <summary>/// 读取配置类/// </summary>private void Read(){ShowMsg("正在读取配置文件："+FullPath);var xmlHelper = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T));using (StreamReader xmlReader = new StreamReader(FullPath)){Setting = (T)xmlHelper.Deserialize(xmlReader);xmlReader.Close();}}}

测试生成

    static void Main(string[] args){var config = new MyConfigService() {Name = "小坤",Description="爱坤",Default = "鲲鲲",SettingKey = MyConfigService.MyKeys.Banana,Id = 80086,IsEnabled = true,};var xmlHelper = new MyXmlConfigHelper<MyConfigService>(config, "Config\\MyConfig.xml");xmlHelper.Init();Console.WriteLine("运行完成！");Console.ReadKey();}

我还做了判断，如果不存在，则生成默认，如果存在，则读取的判断

配置文件格式错误测试

使用默认值覆盖来解决问题

    static void Main(string[] args){var config = new MyConfigService() {Name = "小坤",Description="爱坤",Default = "鲲鲲",SettingKey = MyConfigService.MyKeys.Banana,Id = 80086,IsEnabled = true,};var xmlHelper = new MyXmlConfigHelper<MyConfigService>(config, "Config\\MyConfig.xml");try{xmlHelper.Init();}catch (Exception ex){//如果出错，则使用默认值覆盖Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());xmlHelper.ReInit();}Console.WriteLine("运行完成！");Console.ReadKey();}

配置文件人为修改错误如何解决

解决方案有以下几种

• 不解决，使用默认值，一直到人为修改回去
• 手动解决，但是现场人员不一定了解配置信息
• 重新生成覆盖，但是这样会丢失以前配置的数据
• 从缓存数据库中读取上传成功运行的代码，回复到最初的状态

理论上来说，第4个是最好的，因为我们现场人员就算修改出现问题了，也能回滚到程序之前的配置。但是C# 默认是没有缓存这个东西的。缓存是需要存在一个地方。我个人认为最好的存储中介就是Sqlite数据库。Sqlite本身体积小，性能强，不需要安装。对于1G以下，100万条以下的数据最好的存储中介。

挖个坑，后面研究一下基于Sqlite的缓存数据库

解决方案

生成两个配置文件，一个是主配置文件，一个是备份配置文件。

代码

    public class MyXmlConfigAutoHelper<T>{public T Setting { get; set; }public string FileName { get; set; } = "MyConfig.xml";public string BackupName{get{var regex = new Regex(@"(\w+)\.(\w+)$");var filename = regex.Match(FileName).Value;var backName = (new Regex(@"\.(\w+)$")).Split(filename)[0];var newBackName = backName + "_back";return (new Regex(backName)).Replace(FileName, newBackName);}}/// <summary>/// 备份/// </summary>private MyXmlConfigHelper<T> backupXml { get; set; }private MyXmlConfigHelper<T> settingXml { get; set; }public MyXmlConfigAutoHelper(){}public MyXmlConfigAutoHelper(string fileName){FileName = fileName;}public MyXmlConfigAutoHelper(string fileName, T setting){Setting = setting;FileName = fileName;}/// <summary>/// 实例化/// </summary>public void AutoInit(){settingXml = new MyXmlConfigHelper<T>(Setting, FileName);backupXml = new MyXmlConfigHelper<T>(Setting, BackupName);//如果备份也损坏了，就GG了var settingFlag = true;var backupFlag = true;try{settingXml.Init();}catch (Exception ex){Console.WriteLine("主文件读取失败");Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);settingFlag = false;}try{backupXml.Init();}catch (Exception ex){Console.WriteLine("备份文件读取失败");Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);backupFlag = false;}Console.WriteLine($"文件完整性:setting[{settingFlag},backup[{backupFlag}]]");if (!backupFlag && !settingFlag){Console.WriteLine("主要和备份文件完全破损，默认值覆盖");backupXml.ReInit();settingXml.ReInit();}else if (!backupFlag){Console.WriteLine("备份文件完全破损，主要文件覆盖");backupXml.Setting = settingXml.Setting;backupXml.ReInit();}else if (!settingFlag){Console.WriteLine("主要文件完全破损，备份文件覆盖");settingXml.Setting = backupXml.Setting;settingXml.ReInit();}else{Console.WriteLine("主要和备份文件正常，主要文件覆盖备份文件");backupXml.Setting = settingXml.Setting;backupXml.ReInit();}Setting = settingXml.Setting;}public void ReInit(){settingXml = new MyXmlConfigHelper<T>(Setting, FileName);backupXml = new MyXmlConfigHelper<T>(Setting, BackupName);settingXml.ReInit();backupXml.ReInit();}}

测试用例

        static void Main(string[] args){var config = new MyConfigService() {Name = "小坤",Description="爱坤",Default = "鲲鲲",SettingKey = MyConfigService.MyKeys.Banana,Id = 80086,IsEnabled = true,};var xmlAutoHelper = new MyXmlConfigAutoHelper<MyConfigService>("resource\\Myconfig.xml", config);xmlAutoHelper.AutoInit();//Console.WriteLine(xmlAutoHelper.BackupName);Console.WriteLine("运行完成！");Console.ReadKey();}

运行结果

由于测试步骤过于复杂，情况比较多，这里就不放截图了。简单来说就是尽可能的使用已有的数据进行还原，如果两个文件都损坏直接使用默认值替换

代码封装总结

    public class MyXmlConfigAutoHelper<T>{public T Setting { get; set; }public string FileName { get; set; } = "MyConfig.xml";public string BackupName{get{var regex = new Regex(@"(\w+)\.(\w+)$");var filename = regex.Match(FileName).Value;var backName = (new Regex(@"\.(\w+)$")).Split(filename)[0];var newBackName = backName + "_back";return (new Regex(backName)).Replace(FileName, newBackName);}}/// <summary>/// 备份/// </summary>private MyXmlConfigHelper<T> backupXml { get; set; }private MyXmlConfigHelper<T> settingXml { get; set; }public MyXmlConfigAutoHelper(){}public MyXmlConfigAutoHelper(string fileName){FileName = fileName;}public MyXmlConfigAutoHelper(string fileName, T setting){Setting = setting;FileName = fileName;}/// <summary>/// 实例化/// </summary>public void AutoInit(){settingXml = new MyXmlConfigHelper<T>(Setting, FileName);backupXml = new MyXmlConfigHelper<T>(Setting, BackupName);//如果备份也损坏了，就GG了var settingFlag = true;var backupFlag = true;try{settingXml.Init();}catch (Exception ex){Console.WriteLine("主文件读取失败");Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);settingFlag = false;}try{backupXml.Init();}catch (Exception ex){Console.WriteLine("备份文件读取失败");Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);backupFlag = false;}Console.WriteLine($"文件完整性:setting[{settingFlag},backup[{backupFlag}]]");if (!backupFlag && !settingFlag){Console.WriteLine("主要和备份文件完全破损，默认值覆盖");backupXml.ReInit();settingXml.ReInit();}else if (!backupFlag){Console.WriteLine("备份文件完全破损，主要文件覆盖");backupXml.Setting = settingXml.Setting;backupXml.ReInit();}else if (!settingFlag){Console.WriteLine("主要文件完全破损，备份文件覆盖");settingXml.Setting = backupXml.Setting;settingXml.ReInit();}else{Console.WriteLine("主要和备份文件正常，主要文件覆盖备份文件");backupXml.Setting = settingXml.Setting;backupXml.ReInit();}Setting = settingXml.Setting;}public void ReInit(){settingXml = new MyXmlConfigHelper<T>(Setting, FileName);backupXml = new MyXmlConfigHelper<T>(Setting, BackupName);settingXml.ReInit();backupXml.ReInit();}}public class MyXmlConfigHelper<T>{public T Setting { get; set; }public string FileName { get; set; } = "MyConfig.xml";public string DirectoryPath{get{var regex = new Regex(@"\\(\w+)\.(\w+)$");return regex.Split(FullPath)[0];}}public string DebugPath { get => Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(); }public string FullPath { get => DebugPath + "\\" + FileName; }public bool IsFileExist { get => File.Exists(FullPath); }public bool IsDirectoryExist { get => Directory.Exists(DirectoryPath); }public Action<string> ShowMsg { get; set; } = (msg) => Console.WriteLine(msg);public MyXmlConfigHelper(){}public MyXmlConfigHelper(string filename){FileName = filename;if (!IsDirectoryExist){DirectoryInfo directoryInfo = new DirectoryInfo(DirectoryPath);directoryInfo.Create();}}public MyXmlConfigHelper(T setting, string filename) : this(filename){Setting = setting;}/// <summary>/// 创建文件/// </summary>public void Init(){if (IsFileExist){try{Read();}catch (Exception ex){ShowMsg(ex.ToString());throw new Exception("文件读取失败!请确认是否配置文件格式是否正确");}}else{Write();}}/// <summary>/// 覆盖文件/// </summary>public void ReInit(){ShowMsg("正在覆盖配置文件：" + FullPath);Write();}/// <summary>/// 写入配置类/// </summary>public void Write(){ShowMsg("正在生成配置文件：" + FullPath);var xmlHelper = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T));using (StreamWriter xmlWriter = new StreamWriter(FullPath)){//去掉烦人的命名空间XmlSerializerNamespaces ns = new XmlSerializerNamespaces();ns.Add("", "");xmlHelper.Serialize(xmlWriter, Setting, ns);xmlWriter.Close();}}/// <summary>/// 读取配置类/// </summary>public void Read(){ShowMsg("正在读取配置文件：" + FullPath);var xmlHelper = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T));using (StreamReader xmlReader = new StreamReader(FullPath)){Setting = (T)xmlHelper.Deserialize(xmlReader);xmlReader.Close();}}}

总结

我这里最后加了个back备份文件，我们平时就修改主要文件的配置即可。如果主要文件损坏，那就备份文件补上。但是这个是主要文件损坏的情况，如果主要文件没损坏，是参数设置错了呢？那我们可以自动生成按照时间戳的备份文件，一次存多个。

• 主要文件
• 备份文件-2024-1-6 17:37:20
• 备份文件-2024-1-6 17:37:30

为了安全考虑的方式是没有上限的。这里就不展开说明了，这里已经写好一个基本的设置文件自动保存，和设置文件自动备份回档的功能，如果想要更高的安全基本可以自己在我的代码上面继续封装。

还有备份文件可以当做缓存文件一样来使用，但是这个是明文存储的。可以自己手动加密一下，反正加密和解密的方法也有很多。可以自己琢磨一下。