http接口测试—自动化测试框架设计

一、测试需求描述

对服务后台一系列的http接口功能测试。

输入：根据接口描述构造不同的参数输入值（Json格式）

输出：字符串（传入的方式+传入的字符串）

http://localhost:8090/lctest/TestServer

二、程序设计

1、Client程序设计

读取Excel配置的测试用例数据

发送参数Json格式给Server，接收Server的返回数据

进行数据比对校验，返回测试结果，将数据插入到Excel中

2、Server端程序设计

接受Client的参数，进行解析

发送返回数据给client

三、实现方法

1、选用Java脚本来驱动测试

2、采用Excel表格管理测试数据，包括用例的管理、测试数据录入、测试结果显示等等，这个需要封装一个Excel的类。

3、调用http接口采用java自带的的API

4、测试需要的将参数转化成字符串

5、通过预期结果和实际结果的对比，将实际结果和对比结果写入Excel用例中，这里封装了一个类

6、首次执行测试采用人工检查输出的是否正确，一旦正确写入Excel的期望结果中，如果发现错误手工修正为预期文件。

四、Excel表格设计

五、代码结构

六、实现代码

1、ExcelUtil.java

package client;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRichTextString;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.poifs.filesystem.POIFSFileSystem;
public class ExcelUtil {
//读取Excel中数据
public static List<Param> read() throws Exception{
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
HSSFSheet s = wb.createSheet();
HSSFRow row = s.createRow(0);
HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((int)0,0);
//－－－－－－－－－－－－从xls读出数据
wb = new HSSFWorkbook(new FileInputStream("D:\\learn\\test.xls"));
s = wb.getSheetAt(0);
//获得EXCEL行数
int rowNums=s.getLastRowNum();
//获得Excell列数
//int columnNum=r.getPhysicalNumberOfCells();
List<Param> params=new ArrayList<Param>();
for(int i=1;i<=rowNums;i++){
HSSFRow r = s.getRow(i);
cell=r.getCell(0);
Param param= new Param();
param.setNo(r.getCell(0).getStringCellValue());
param.setName(r.getCell(1).getStringCellValue());
param.setAge(r.getCell(2).getStringCellValue());
param.setSex(r.getCell(3).getStringCellValue());
param.setExpResu(r.getCell(4).getStringCellValue());
// System.out.println(cell.getRichStringCellValue());
params.add(param);
}
return params;
}
/**
* 写入Excel，在任意坐标处写入数据。
* String value：你要输入的内容
* int x ：行坐标，Excel从 0 算起
* int y ：列坐标，Excel从 0 算起
*/
public static void writeCell(String filePath,int x,int y,String value) {
try {
// 创建Excel的工作书册 Workbook,对应到一个excel文档
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(new FileInputStream(filePath));
HSSFSheet sheet=wb.getSheetAt(0);
HSSFRow row=sheet.getRow(x);
HSSFCell cell=row.getCell((short) y);
cell.setCellValue(value);
FileOutputStream os;
os = new FileOutputStream(filePath);
wb.write(os);
os.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

2、JsonsUtil.java

package client;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;
/**
* 使用json-lib构造和解析Json数据
*/
public class JsonsUtil {
/**将Bean转换成Map
* 将Map转换Json数据
*/public static String BuildJson(Param param) throws JSONException {
Map<String, String> map1 = new HashMap<String, String>();
map1.put("no", param.getNo());
map1.put("name", param.getName());
map1.put("age", param.getAge());
map1.put("sex", param.getSex());
// map1.put("expResu", param.getExpResu());
// JSON格式数据解析对象
JSONObject jo = new JSONObject();
// 将Map转换为JSONArray数据
JSONArray ja = new JSONArray();
ja.put(map1);
// System.out.println("JSONArray对象数据格式："+ja.toString());
jo.put("map", ja);
// System.out.println("最终构造的JSON数据格式："+jo.toString());
return jo.toString();
}
/**
* 解析Json数据
*
*/public static JSONArray ParseJson(String jsonString) throws JSONException,
ParseException {
JSONObject jo = new JSONObject(jsonString);
JSONArray ja = jo.getJSONArray("map");
// System.out.println(ja.getJSONObject(0).getString("name"));
return ja;
}
}

3、Param.java

package client;
public class Param {
String no;//编号
String name;//姓名
String age;//年龄
String sex;//性别
String expResu;//期望结果
String actResu;//实际结果
String pass;//是否通过
String desc;//描述
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getNo() {
return no;
}
public void setNo(String no) {
this.no = no;
}
public String getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(String age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public String getExpResu() {
return expResu;
}
public void setExpResu(String expResu) {
this.expResu = expResu;
}
public String getActResu() {
return actResu;
}
public void setActResu(String actResu) {
this.actResu = actResu;
}
public String getPass() {
return pass;
}
public void setPass(String pass) {
this.pass = pass;
}
public String getDesc() {
return desc;
}
public void setDesc(String desc) {
this.desc = desc;
}
}

4、CompareRes.java

package client;
public class CompareRes {
int actResuNo=5;//测试结果在第五例
int passNo=6;//对比结果在第六列
public void compare(String filePath,Param param,String actResu){
ExcelUtil.writeCell(filePath,Integer.parseInt(param.getNo()),actResuNo,actResu);
if(param.getExpResu().trim().equals(actResu)){
ExcelUtil.writeCell(filePath,Integer.parseInt(param.getNo()),passNo,"Y");
}else{
ExcelUtil.writeCell(filePath,Integer.parseInt(param.getNo()),passNo,"N");
}
}
}

5、TestClient .java

package client;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.util.List;
public class TestClient {
public static void main(String[]agrs){
TestClient a=new TestClient();
try {
a.client();
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void client() throws Exception{
List<Param> params = ExcelUtil.read();
for(Param pa:params){
try {
// 接报文的地址
String filePath="D:\\learn\\test.xls";
String param= new JsonsUtil().BuildJson(pa);
URL serverUrl= new URL("http://localhost:8090/lctest/TestServer");
URLConnection uct= serverUrl.openConnection();
HttpURLConnection hutc=(HttpURLConnection)uct;
// 设置报文参数
hutc.setRequestMethod("POST");
// 设置是否向httpUrlConnection输出，因为这个是post请求，参数要放在 http正文内，因此需要设为true, 默认情况下是false;
hutc.setDoOutput(true);
// 设置是否从httpUrlConnection读入，默认情况下是true
hutc.setDoInput(true);
// hutc.setAllowUserInteraction(true);
// 开启流，写入数据data
OutputStream out=hutc.getOutputStream();
out.write(param.getBytes("UTF-8"));
out.flush();
out.close();
// 获取返回的数据
StringBuffer buffer=new StringBuffer();
BufferedReader reader = null;
InputStream ins=hutc.getInputStream();
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(ins,"UTF-8"));
String sg=reader.readLine();
if (sg!= null){
buffer.append(sg);
}
System.out.println("接收返回值:" + buffer);
new CompareRes().compare(filePath, pa, buffer.toString());
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}

6、TestServer

public class TestServer extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private static JSONArray ja;
/**
* @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
*/
public TestServer() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
try {
this.excute(request, response);
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
try {
this.excute(request, response);
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void excute(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception{
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.setContentType("text/xml");
String method=request.getMethod();
String url=request.getRequestURI();
String param;
// 获取收到的报文
BufferedReader reader = request.getReader();
String line = "";
line = reader.readLine();
ja=new JsonsUtil().ParseJson(line);
StringBuffer resultBuffer=new StringBuffer();
resultBuffer.append("访问方式"+method+"访问成功");
resultBuffer.append("接收到的数据："+line);
PrintWriter out =response.getWriter();
out.println(resultBuffer.toString());
out.flush();
out.close();
}
}

7、web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>TestServer</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.servlet.TestServer</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>TestServer</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/lctest/TestServer</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>