制作不易，点赞关注一下呗！！！

---

前言

当我们掌握链表这样的数据结构之后，我们就可以用它来做一些小项目，比如童年小游戏贪吃蛇

目标：在Windows环境中控制台上使用C语言模拟实现经典小游戏贪吃蛇

---

一.技术要点

C语言函数，枚举，结构体，动态内存管理，预处理指令，链表，Win32API等。

二.Win32API介绍

1.什么是Win32API

Win32 API是微软的操作系统Windows提供给开发人员的编程接口，它决定了我们开发的Windows应用程序的能力。

使用Win32 API，应用程序可以充分挖掘Windows的32位操作系统的潜力。 Mircrosoft的所有32位平台都支持统一的API，包括函数、结构、消息、宏及接口。使用 Win32 API不但可以开发出在各种平台上都能成功运行的应用程序，而且也可以充分利用每个平台特有的功能和属性。

2.控制台程序（Console）

我们平时运行起来出现的黑框框就是控制台。

我们可以通过mode命令来设置窗口大小。

例如：设置为30行，100列

mode con cols=100 lines=30 

在VS上我们可以借助system函数（头文件<windows.h>）来完成这样的命令 

 

 我们也可以通过title命令来修改控制台窗口的名称

title 贪吃蛇

 

3.控制台屏幕上的坐标 COORD

COORD是Win32API中定义的一个结构体，表示一个字符在屏幕缓冲区上的坐标，坐标为（0,0）的原点位于缓冲区的顶部最左侧单元格

typedef struct _COORD {

SHORT X; // horizontal coordinate

SHORT Y; // vertical coordinate

} COORD;

4.GetStdHandle 

GetStdHandle 是Win32API的一个函数，它用于从特定的标准设备（标准输入，标准输出，标准错误）中获取一个句柄（用于标识不同设备的数值），使用这个句柄可以操作设备。

语法

HANDLE GetStdHandle( DWORD nStdHandle );

 参数有三种取值

STD_INPUT_HANDLE	标准输入的句柄
STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE	标准输出的句柄
STD_ERROR_HANDLE	标准错误的句柄

实例：

 

 

5.GetConsoleCursorInfo

功能：检索有关指定控制台光标的大小和可见性

 BOOL WINAPI GetConsoleCursorInfo(
   HANDLE               hConsoleOutput,
   PCONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO  lpConsoleCursorInfo
);

  PCONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO是指向 CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO这个结构体的指针，该结构接收主机光标的信息。

 

6.SetConsoleCursorInfo 

功能：设置指定控制台屏幕缓冲区的光标大小和可见性

BOOL WINAPI SetConsoleCursorInfo(
  _In_       HANDLE              hConsoleOutput,
  _In_ const CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO *lpConsoleCursorInfo
);

一般都是配合 GetConsoleCursorInfo函数使用，先用GetConsoleCursorInfo函数获取当前光标信息，再自己手动修改光标信息，最后用SetConsoleCursorInfo 函数设置进去！！！

 

 7.GetAsyncKeyState 

GetAsyncKeyState是一个用来判断函数调用时指定虚拟键的状态，确定用户当前是否按下了键盘上的一个键的函数。

返回类型为short类型，如果返回的16位short类型数据中最高位为1，则表明该键被按下，最高位为0则表示该键抬起，如果最低位为1表示该键被按过，否则为0.

函数名	返回值类型	备注
GetAsyncKeyState	SHORT	用来判断函数调用时指定虚拟键的状态
参数	类型	说明
vKey	int	欲测试的虚拟键的键码

每个键都对应一个虚拟键值，可以自行查找。

8.SetConsoleCursorPosition

有时我们可能不想让字符打印从（0,0）坐标处开始打印，这时就需要用这个函数来设置坐标

使用这个函数需要两个参数：第一个参数类型为HANDLE，第二个参数类型为COORD

实例：

 

三.贪吃蛇游戏设计与分析 

1.游戏开始前的初始化

数据结构的设计：

enum GameStatus
{OK,ESC,KILL_BYWALL,KILL_BYSELF,
};
enum DIRECTION
{LEFT,RIGHT,UP,DOWN,
};
//蛇身节点
typedef struct SnakeNode
{int x;int y;struct SnakeNode* next;
}SnakeNode,*pSnakeNode;//整条蛇
typedef struct Snake
{pSnakeNode pSnake;pSnakeNode pFood;//指向食物的指针int Score;//当前累计分数int FoodWeight;//一个食物的分数int SleepTime;//休眠时间，时间越短，速度越快enum GameStatus Status;enum DIRECTION dir;
}Snake,*pSnake;

 

 

接下来打印欢迎信息 ，这里我们单独分装两个函数，一个用来设置光标位置，另一个用来打印欢迎信息：

 

下一步：创建地图

 #define WALL L'□'
void CreateMap()
{//上SetPos(0, 0);int i = 0;for (i = 0; i < 69; i += 2){wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);}//下SetPos(0,34);for (i = 0; i < 69; i += 2){wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);}//左for (i = 0; i < 34; i++){SetPos(0, i);wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);}//右for (i = 0; i < 34; i++){SetPos(68, i);wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);}
}

 

再下一步：初始化蛇

void InitSnake(pSnake ps)
{pSnakeNode cur = NULL;//创建5个蛇身节点for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++){cur = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));if (cur == NULL){perror("createsnake malloc");exit(1);}cur->x = 32 + 2 * i;cur->y = 7;cur->next = NULL;if (ps->pSnake == NULL){ps->pSnake = cur;}else{cur->next = ps->pSnake;ps->pSnake = cur;}}//打印蛇身cur = ps->pSnake;while (cur){SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);wprintf(L"%lc", BODY);cur = cur->next;}//贪吃蛇其他信息初始化ps->dir = RIGHT;ps->FoodWeight = 10;ps->pFood = NULL;ps->Score = 0;ps->SleepTime = 200;//200毫秒ps->Status = OK;
}

最后：创建食物 

void CreateFood(pSnake ps)
{int x = 0;int y = 0;again:do {x = rand() % 66 + 2;y = rand() % 33 + 1;} while (x % 2 != 0);pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;while (cur){if (x == cur->x && y == cur->y){goto again;}cur = cur->next;}pSnakeNode food = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(pSnake));if (!food){perror("createfood malloc ");exit(1);}food->x = x;food->y = y;ps->pFood = food;SetPos(x, y);wprintf(L"%lc", FOOD);
}

 

最后将这些函数放在GameStart函数中，一起完成游戏开始前的工作 

 

2.游戏运行的逻辑 

第一步：打印帮助信息

 

 第二步：循环检测按键状态

 

 

3.游戏结束的善后 

 

---

总结

所有代码放在这里：

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<locale.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdbool.h>
#include<windows.h>
#define WALL L'□'
#define BODY L'●'
#define FOOD L'★'
#define KEY_PRESS(vk)  ((GetAsyncKeyState(vk) & 0x1)? 1: 0)enum GameStatus
{OK,ESC,KILL_BYWALL,KILL_BYSELF,
};
enum DIRECTION
{LEFT,RIGHT,UP,DOWN,
};
//蛇身节点
typedef struct SnakeNode
{int x;int y;struct SnakeNode* next;
}SnakeNode,*pSnakeNode;//整条蛇
typedef struct Snake
{pSnakeNode pSnake;pSnakeNode pFood;//指向食物的指针int Score;//当前累计分数int FoodWeight;//一个食物的分数int SleepTime;//休眠时间，时间越短，速度越快enum GameStatus Status;enum DIRECTION dir;
}Snake,*pSnake;void SetPos(int x, int y);void GameStart(pSnake snake);void Welcome();void CreateMap();void InitSnake(pSnake ps);void CreateFood(pSnake ps);void printhelpinfo();//游戏运行的逻辑
void GameRun(pSnake ps);
void pause();void SnakeMove(pSnake ps);
int IsFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode next);
void EatFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode next);
void NotEatFood(pSnake ps,pSnakeNode next);void KillByWall(pSnake ps);
void KillBySelf(pSnake ps);void GameEnd(pSnake ps);#include"snake.h"
void SetPos(int x, int y)
{HANDLE handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);COORD pos = { x,y };SetConsoleCursorPosition(handle, pos);
}
void Welcome()
{//打印欢迎信息SetPos(48, 15);printf("欢迎来到贪吃蛇小游戏\n");SetPos(50,35);system("pause");system("cls");//打印操作信息SetPos(35, 20);printf("用↑. ↓. ←. →来控制蛇的移动,F3是加速，F4是减速\n");SetPos(48, 22);printf("加速能获得更多分数\n");SetPos(50, 35);system("pause");system("cls");
}void CreateMap()
{//上SetPos(0, 0);int i = 0;for (i = 0; i < 69; i += 2){wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);}//下SetPos(0,34);for (i = 0; i < 69; i += 2){wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);}//左for (i = 0; i < 34; i++){SetPos(0, i);wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);}//右for (i = 0; i < 34; i++){SetPos(68, i);wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);}
}void InitSnake(pSnake ps)
{pSnakeNode cur = NULL;//创建5个蛇身节点for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++){cur = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));if (cur == NULL){perror("createsnake malloc");exit(1);}cur->x = 32 + 2 * i;cur->y = 7;cur->next = NULL;if (ps->pSnake == NULL){ps->pSnake = cur;}else{cur->next = ps->pSnake;ps->pSnake = cur;}}//打印蛇身cur = ps->pSnake;while (cur){SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);wprintf(L"%lc", BODY);cur = cur->next;}//贪吃蛇其他信息初始化ps->dir = RIGHT;ps->FoodWeight = 10;ps->pFood = NULL;ps->Score = 0;ps->SleepTime = 200;//200毫秒ps->Status = OK;
}void CreateFood(pSnake ps)
{int x = 0;int y = 0;again:do {x = rand() % 66 + 2;y = rand() % 33 + 1;} while (x % 2 != 0);pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;while (cur){if (x == cur->x && y == cur->y){goto again;}cur = cur->next;}pSnakeNode food = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(pSnake));if (!food){perror("createfood malloc ");exit(1);}food->x = x;food->y = y;ps->pFood = food;SetPos(x, y);wprintf(L"%lc", FOOD);
}void GameStart(pSnake ps)
{//修改控制台信息system("mode con cols=120 lines=40");system("title 贪吃蛇");//隐藏光标HANDLE handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO cursorinfo;GetConsoleCursorInfo(handle, &cursorinfo);cursorinfo.bVisible = false;SetConsoleCursorInfo(handle, &cursorinfo);//打印欢迎信息Welcome();//绘制地图CreateMap();//初始化蛇InitSnake(ps);//创建食物CreateFood(ps);}void printhelpinfo()
{SetPos(80, 18);printf("不能穿墙，不能咬到自己\n");SetPos(80, 19);printf("用↑ . ↓ . ← . →来控制蛇的移动\n");SetPos(80, 20);printf("F3是加速，F4是减速\n");
}void pause()
{while (1){Sleep(100);if (KEY_PRESS(VK_SPACE)){break;}}
}int IsFood(pSnake ps,pSnakeNode next)
{if (ps->pFood->x == next->x && ps->pFood->y == next->y){return 1;//是食物}elsereturn 0;
} void EatFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode next)
{next->next = ps->pSnake;ps->pSnake = next;//打印蛇身pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;while (cur){SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);wprintf(L"%lc", BODY);cur = cur->next;}ps->Score += ps->FoodWeight;//释放旧食物free(ps->pFood);ps->pFood = NULL;//创建新食物CreateFood(ps);
}void NotEatFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode next)
{//头插法插入next->next = ps->pSnake;ps->pSnake = next;//释放尾节点pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;while (cur->next->next){SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);wprintf(L"%lc", BODY);cur = cur->next;}//将尾节点的位置打印成空白字符SetPos(cur->next->x, cur->next->y);printf("  ");free(cur->next);cur->next = NULL;}void SnakeMove(pSnake ps)
{pSnakeNode pnext = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));if (pnext == NULL){perror("snakemove malloc");exit(1);}pnext->next = NULL;switch (ps->dir){case UP:pnext->x = ps->pSnake->x;pnext->y = ps->pSnake->y-1;break;case DOWN:pnext->x = ps->pSnake->x;pnext->y = ps->pSnake->y + 1;break; case LEFT:pnext->x = ps->pSnake->x-2;pnext->y = ps->pSnake->y;break;case RIGHT :pnext->x = ps->pSnake->x+2;pnext->y = ps->pSnake->y;break;}//下一个坐标是否是食物if (IsFood(ps, pnext)){//是食物 EatFood(ps, pnext);}else{//不是食物NotEatFood(ps,pnext);}
}void KillByWall(pSnake ps)
{if (ps->pSnake->x == 0 || ps->pSnake->x == 68 || ps->pSnake->y == 0 || ps->pSnake->y == 33){ps->Status = KILL_BYWALL;}}void KillBySelf(pSnake ps)
{pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake->next;while (cur){if (cur->x == ps->pSnake->x && cur->y == ps->pSnake->y){ps->Status = KILL_BYSELF;return;}cur=cur->next;}
}//游戏运行的逻辑
void GameRun(pSnake ps)
{//打印帮助信息printhelpinfo();do{//打印当前分数SetPos(80, 13);printf("总分：%d\n", ps->Score);SetPos(80, 14);printf("食物的分值：%02d\n", ps->FoodWeight);//检测按键//上下左右，空格，F3，F4, ESCif (KEY_PRESS(VK_UP) && ps->dir != DOWN){ps->dir = UP;}else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_DOWN) && ps->dir != UP){ps->dir = DOWN;}else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_LEFT) && ps->dir != RIGHT){ps->dir = LEFT;}else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_RIGHT) && ps->dir != LEFT){ps->dir = RIGHT;}else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_ESCAPE)){ps->Status = ESC;break;}else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_SPACE)){//暂停和恢复暂停pause();}else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F3)){if (ps->SleepTime>=80){ps->SleepTime -= 30;ps->FoodWeight += 2;}}else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F4)){if (ps->FoodWeight > 2){ps->SleepTime += 30;ps->FoodWeight -= 2;}}//睡眠Sleep(ps->SleepTime);//走一步SnakeMove(ps);//检测撞墙KillByWall(ps);//检测是否撞到自己KillBySelf(ps);} while (ps->Status == OK);
}void GameEnd(pSnake ps)
{SetPos(35, 18);switch (ps->Status){case ESC:printf("正常退出\n");break;case KILL_BYWALL:printf("很遗憾，撞到墙，游戏结束\n");break;case KILL_BYSELF:printf("很遗憾，咬到自己了，游戏结束\n");break;}//释放贪吃蛇pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;while (cur){pSnakeNode next = cur->next;free(cur);cur = next;}free(ps->pFood);ps = NULL;
}void test()
{int ch = 0;do{Snake snake = { 0 };GameStart(&snake);GameRun(&snake);GameEnd(&snake);SetPos(35, 18);printf("再来一局吗：Y/N");ch=getchar();getchar();} while (ch == 'y' || ch == 'Y');
}
int main()
{setlocale(LC_ALL, "");srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));test();SetPos(55, 35);return 0;
}