文章目录
- 通讯录的动态实现
- 模块化编程
- 通讯录的框架构建
- 功能的具体实现
- 初始化通讯录
- 添加联系人
- 删除联系人
- 查找联系人
- 修改联系人
- 打印通讯录
- 排序通讯录
- 检查容量并扩容
- 加载通讯录
- 保留通讯录
- 销毁通讯录
- 完整代码
- 总结
通讯录的动态实现
模块化编程
分文件
不同模块放在不同的文件下
优点
可维护性:不同模块便于调试某个功能和修改
重用性:常用的功能封装成模块,减少重复利用,提高开发效率
可扩展性:需要增删改现有功能时,模块化编程能够提供更好的扩展性
并行开发:允许多个开发人员并行工作,降低开发过程中的冲突和合并的风险
可测试性:每个模块都是独立的,便于测试功能和性能
通讯录的框架构建
录入联系人信息
由于录入人员一般比较多,需要用创建结构体
来创建通讯录结构体和成员信息结构体
录入的信息一般有联系人的姓名、性别、年龄、联系方式、家庭住址
typedef struct peoinfo
{char name[MAX_NAME];char sex[MAX_SEX];int age;char tele[MAX_TELE];char addr[MAX_ADDR];
}peoinfo;
typedef struct Contact
{peoinfo* data;int count;//用于记录data对应的下标int capacity;}Contact;
宏定义
#define MAX_NAME 20
#define MAX_SEX 3
#define MAX_TELE 12
#define MAX_ADDR 30#define MAX_PEONUM 2
#define MAX_COUNT 3
菜单实现
void menu()
{printf("******************************\n");printf("***** 1.add 2.del *****\n");printf("***** 3.find 4.sort *****\n");printf("***** 5.modify 6.print *****\n");printf("***** 0.exit *********\n");printf("******************************\n");
}
通讯录功能声明
void InitContact(Contact* pc);//初始化
void Addpeoinfo(Contact* pc);//增加联系人
void PrintContact(Contact* pc);//打印通讯录
void Delpeoinfo(Contact* pc);//删除联系人
void Findpeoinfo(Contact* pc);//查找联系人
void Modifypeoinfo(Contact* pc);//修改联系人
void SortContact(Contact* pc);//排序通讯录
void DestroyContact(Contact* pc);//销毁通讯录
void SaveContact(Contact* pc);//保留通讯录
void LoadContact(Contact* pc);//加载通讯录
void Check_Capacity(Contact* pc);//检查容量
声明都放在Contact.h头文件里
功能的具体实现
初始化通讯录
void InitContact(Contact* pc)
{pc->count = 0;pc->data = (peoinfo*)calloc(MAX_PEONUM ,sizeof(peoinfo));//动态内存管理,在堆区分配一块peoinfo*MAX_PEONUM的内存,并且每个字节初始化为0// memset(pc->data, 0, sizeof(pc->data));pc->capacity = MAX_PEONUM;//LoadContact(pc);
}
添加联系人
void Addpeoinfo(Contact* pc)
{/*assert(pc);if (pc->count = MAX_PEONUM){printf("通讯录已满\n");}else{printf("请输入名字;>");scanf("%s", pc->data[pc->count].name);printf("请输入性别;>");scanf("%s", pc->data[pc->count].sex);printf("请输入年龄;>");scanf("%s", pc->data[pc->count].age);printf("请输入电话;>");scanf("%s", pc->data[pc->count].tele);printf("请输入地址;>");scanf("%s", pc->data[pc->count].addr);pc->count++;printf("添加成功\n");}*/assert(pc);//确定不是空指针Check_Capacity(pc);printf("请输入名字:>");scanf("%s", pc->data[pc->count].name);printf("请输入性别:>");scanf("%s", pc->data[pc->count].sex);printf("请输入年龄:>");scanf("%d", &pc->data[pc->count].age);printf("请输入电话:>");scanf("%s", pc->data[pc->count].tele);printf("请输入地址:>");scanf("%s", pc->data[pc->count].addr);pc->count++;printf("添加成功\n");}
删除联系人
void Delpeoinfo(Contact* pc)
{assert(pc);char name[MAX_NAME];printf("请输入要删除的联系人的名字;>");scanf("%s", name);int pos = FindName(pc, name);if (pos == -1){printf("通讯录中没有这个人\n");return;}else{int i = 0;for (int i = pos; i < pc->count - 1; i++){pc->data[i] = pc->data[i + 1];}printf("删除成功\n");pc->count--;}
减容,如果容量减去录入的联系人大于3,减少为两个空间if ((pc->capacity - pc->count) > 3){peoinfo* ptr = (peoinfo*)realloc(pc->data, (pc->count + 2) * sizeof(peoinfo));if (ptr != NULL){pc->data = ptr;pc->capacity = pc->count + 2;printf("通讯录空闲内存大于三个人,减为两个空间,减容成功\n");}else{perror("Delpeoinfo");//perror是打印错误信息}}
}
查找联系人
查找联系人可以通过找到联系人对应名字,并返回下标记录是否找到
需要再封装一个函数
查找名字
static int FindName(const Contact* pc,const char *name)
{assert(pc && name);for (int pos = 0; pos < pc->count; pos++){if (strcmp(pc->data[pos].name, name) == 0){return pos;//返回下标}elsereturn -1;}
}
void Findpeoinfo(const Contact* pc)
{assert(pc);char name[MAX_NAME];printf("请输入你要查找的联系人的名字:>");scanf("%s", name);int pos = FindName(pc, name);if (pos == -1){printf("查无此人\n");}else{printf("%-15s\t%-5s\t%-5s%-12s\t%-30s\n", "名字", "性别", "年龄", "电话", "地址");printf("%-15s\t%-5s\t%-5d%-12s\t%-30s\n",pc->data[pos].name,pc->data[pos].sex,pc->data[pos].age,pc->data[pos].tele,pc->data[pos].addr);}}
修改联系人
void Modifypeoinfo(Contact* pc)
{assert(pc);char name[MAX_NAME];printf("请输入你要修改的联系人:>");scanf("%s", name);int pos = FindName(pc, name);if (pos == -1){printf("查无此人\n");return ;}else{printf("请输入修改后的名字:>");scanf("%s", pc->data[pos].name);printf("请输入修改后的性别:>");scanf("%s", pc->data[pos].sex);printf("请输入修改后的年龄:>");scanf("%d", &pc->data[pos].age);printf("请输入修改后的电话:>");scanf("%s", pc->data[pos].tele);printf("请输入修改后的地址:>");scanf("%s", pc->data[pos].addr);printf("修改成功\n");}
}
打印通讯录
void PrintContact(const Contact* pc)
{printf("---------------------\n");printf("%-15s\t%-5s\t%-5s%-12s\t%-30s\n", "名字", "性别", "年龄", "电话", "地址");for (int i = 0; i < pc->count; i++){printf("%-15s\t%-5s\t%-5d%-12s\t%-30s\n",pc->data[i].name,pc->data[i].sex,pc->data[i].age,pc->data[i].tele,pc->data[i].addr);}printf("---------------------\n");
}
打印int类型要用%d
排序通讯录
int cmp1(const void* p1, const void* p2)
{return strcmp(((peoinfo*)p1)->name, ((peoinfo*)p2)->name);
}
int cmp2(const void* p1, const void* p2)
{return strcmp(((peoinfo*)p1)->sex, ((peoinfo*)p2)->sex);
}
int cmp3(const void* p1, const void* p2)
{return ((peoinfo*)p1)->age-((peoinfo*)p2)->age;
}
int cmp4(const void* p1, const void* p2)
{return strcmp(((peoinfo*)p1)->tele, ((peoinfo*)p2)->tele);
}
int cmp5(const void* p1, const void* p2)
{return strcmp(((peoinfo*)p1)->addr, ((peoinfo*)p2)->addr);
}
void sort_by_name(Contact* pc)
{qsort(pc->data, pc->count, sizeof(peoinfo),cmp1);
}
void sort_by_sex(Contact* pc)
{qsort(pc->data, pc->count, sizeof(peoinfo), cmp2);
}
void sort_by_age(Contact* pc)
{qsort(pc->data, pc->count, sizeof(peoinfo), cmp3);
}
void sort_by_tele(Contact* pc)
{qsort(pc->data, pc->count, sizeof(peoinfo), cmp4);
}
void sort_by_addr(Contact* pc)
{qsort(pc->data, pc->count, sizeof(peoinfo), cmp4);
}
void Sortmenu()
{printf("*******************************\n");printf("***** 1.name 2.sex *****\n");printf("***** 3.age 4.tele *****\n");printf("***** 5.addr *****\n");printf("*******************************\n");
}
void SortContact(Contact* pc)
{assert(pc);Sortmenu();printf("请选择如何排序;>");int num = 0;scanf("%d", &num);if (num==1){sort_by_name(pc);}else if (num==2){sort_by_sex(pc);}else if (num==3){sort_by_age(pc);}else if (num==4){sort_by_tele(pc);}else if (num==5){sort_by_addr(pc);}else{printf("输入非法,请重新输入\n");}printf("排序后\n");printf("---------------------\n");printf("%-15s\t%-5s\t%-5s%-12s\t%-30s\n", "名字", "性别", "年龄", "电话", "地址");for (int i = 0; i < pc->count; i++){printf("%-15s\t%-5s\t%-5d%-12s\t%-30s\n",pc->data[i].name,pc->data[i].sex,pc->data[i].age,pc->data[i].tele,pc->data[i].addr);}printf("---------------------\n");}
检查容量并扩容
void Check_Capacity(Contact* pc){if (pc->count == pc->capacity){peoinfo* ptr = (peoinfo*)realloc(pc->data, (pc->capacity + MAX_COUNT) * sizeof(peoinfo));if (ptr != NULL){pc->data= ptr;pc->capacity += MAX_COUNT;printf("增容成功\n");}else {perror("peoinfo");printf("通讯录已满,增容失败无法添加\n");return;}}
}
加载通讯录
void LoadContact(Contact* pc)
{FILE* pf = fopen("Contact.txt", "r");if (pf == NULL){perror("LoadContact");return;}peoinfo temp = { 0 };while (fread(&temp, sizeof(peoinfo), 1, pf)){Check_Capacity(pc);pc->data[pc->count] = temp;pc->count++;}fclose(pf);pf = NULL;
}
保留通讯录
void SaveContact(Contact* pc)
{FILE* pf = fopen("Contact.txt", "w");//以写的方式打开文件if (pf == NULL){perror("SaveContact");return;}fwrite(pc->data, sizeof(peoinfo),pc->count,pf);fclose(pf);//关闭文件pf = NULL;}
销毁通讯录
不占用多余的内存空间,养成好习惯
void DestroyContact(Contact* pc)
{free(pc->data);pc->data = NULL;pc->count = 0;pc->capacity = 0;
}
完整代码
Contact.h
#pragma once
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<assert.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define MAX_NAME 20
#define MAX_SEX 3
#define MAX_TELE 12
#define MAX_ADDR 30#define MAX_PEONUM 2
#define MAX_COUNT 3
typedef struct peoinfo
{char name[MAX_NAME];char sex[MAX_SEX];int age;char tele[MAX_TELE];char addr[MAX_ADDR];
}peoinfo;
typedef struct Contact
{peoinfo* data;int count;int capacity;}Contact;
void InitContact(Contact* pc);
void Addpeoinfo(Contact* pc);
void PrintContact(Contact* pc);
void Delpeoinfo(Contact* pc);
void Findpeoinfo(Contact* pc);
void Modifypeoinfo(Contact* pc);
void SortContact(Contact* pc);
void DestroyContact(Contact* pc);
void SaveContact(Contact* pc);
void LoadContact(Contact* pc);
void Check_Capacity(Contact* pc);
test.c
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include"contact.h"
//1.添加联系人
//2.删除联系人
//3.查找联系人
//排序
//修改联系人
//打印通讯录void menu()
{printf("******************************\n");printf("***** 1.add 2.del *****\n");printf("***** 3.find 4.sort *****\n");printf("***** 5.modify 6.print *****\n");printf("***** 0.exit *********\n");printf("******************************\n");
}
enum option
{EXIT,//无指定默认从0开始ADD,DEL,FIND,SORT,MODIFY,PRINT
};
void test()
{Contact con;InitContact(&con);printf("Welcome to use contact!\n");int input = 0;do{menu();printf("请选择>");scanf("%d", &input);switch (input){case ADD:Addpeoinfo(&con);break;case DEL:Delpeoinfo(&con);break;case FIND:Findpeoinfo(&con);break;case SORT:SortContact(&con);break;case MODIFY:Modifypeoinfo(&con);break;case PRINT:PrintContact(&con);break;case EXIT:SaveContact(&con);LoadContact(&con);printf("退出程序\n");break;default:printf("非法输入,请重`在这里插入代码片`新输入\n");break;}} while (input);
}
int main()
{test();return 0;
}
Contact.c
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include"contact.h"void InitContact(Contact* pc)
{pc->count = 0;pc->data = (peoinfo*)calloc(MAX_PEONUM ,sizeof(peoinfo));//动态内存管理,在堆区分配一块peoinfo*MAX_PEONUM的内存,并且每个字节初始化为0// memset(pc->data, 0, sizeof(pc->data));pc->capacity = MAX_PEONUM;LoadContact(pc);
}
void Addpeoinfo(Contact* pc)
{assert(pc);Check_Capacity(pc);printf("请输入名字:>");scanf("%s", pc->data[pc->count].name);printf("请输入性别:>");scanf("%s", pc->data[pc->count].sex);printf("请输入年龄:>");scanf("%d", &pc->data[pc->count].age);printf("请输入电话:>");scanf("%s", pc->data[pc->count].tele);printf("请输入地址:>");scanf("%s", pc->data[pc->count].addr);pc->count++;printf("添加成功\n");}void PrintContact(const Contact* pc)
{printf("---------------------\n");printf("%-15s\t%-5s\t%-5s%-12s\t%-30s\n", "名字", "性别", "年龄", "电话", "地址");for (int i = 0; i < pc->count; i++){printf("%-15s\t%-5s\t%-5d%-12s\t%-30s\n",pc->data[i].name,pc->data[i].sex,pc->data[i].age,pc->data[i].tele,pc->data[i].addr);}printf("---------------------\n");
}
static int FindName(const Contact* pc,const char *name)
{assert(pc && name);for (int pos = 0; pos < pc->count; pos++){if (strcmp(pc->data[pos].name, name) == 0){return pos;//返回下标}elsereturn -1;}
}
void Delpeoinfo(Contact* pc)
{assert(pc);char name[MAX_NAME];printf("请输入要删除的联系人的名字;>");scanf("%s", name);int pos = FindName(pc, name);if (pos == -1){printf("通讯录中没有这个人\n");return;}else{int i = 0;for (int i = pos; i < pc->count - 1; i++){pc->data[i] = pc->data[i + 1];}printf("删除成功\n");pc->count--;}if ((pc->capacity - pc->count) > 3){peoinfo* ptr = (peoinfo*)realloc(pc->data, (pc->count + 2) * sizeof(peoinfo));if (ptr != NULL){pc->data = ptr;pc->capacity = pc->count + 2;printf("通讯录空闲内存大于三个人,减为两个空间,减容成功\n");}else{perror("Delpeoinfo");}}
}
void Findpeoinfo(const Contact* pc)
{assert(pc);char name[MAX_NAME];printf("请输入你要查找的联系人的名字:>");scanf("%s", name);int pos = FindName(pc, name);if (pos == -1){printf("查无此人\n");}else{printf("%-15s\t%-5s\t%-5s%-12s\t%-30s\n", "名字", "性别", "年龄", "电话", "地址");printf("%-15s\t%-5s\t%-5d%-12s\t%-30s\n",pc->data[pos].name,pc->data[pos].sex,pc->data[pos].age,pc->data[pos].tele,pc->data[pos].addr);}}
void Modifypeoinfo(Contact* pc)
{assert(pc);char name[MAX_NAME];printf("请输入你要修改的联系人:>");scanf("%s", name);int pos = FindName(pc, name);if (pos == -1){printf("查无此人\n");return ;}else{printf("请输入修改后的名字:>");scanf("%s", pc->data[pos].name);printf("请输入修改后的性别:>");scanf("%s", pc->data[pos].sex);printf("请输入修改后的年龄:>");scanf("%d", &pc->data[pos].age);printf("请输入修改后的电话:>");scanf("%s", pc->data[pos].tele);printf("请输入修改后的地址:>");scanf("%s", pc->data[pos].addr);printf("修改成功\n");}
}
int cmp1(const void* p1, const void* p2)
{return strcmp(((peoinfo*)p1)->name, ((peoinfo*)p2)->name);
}
int cmp2(const void* p1, const void* p2)
{return strcmp(((peoinfo*)p1)->sex, ((peoinfo*)p2)->sex);
}
int cmp3(const void* p1, const void* p2)
{return ((peoinfo*)p1)->age-((peoinfo*)p2)->age;
}
int cmp4(const void* p1, const void* p2)
{return strcmp(((peoinfo*)p1)->tele, ((peoinfo*)p2)->tele);
}
int cmp5(const void* p1, const void* p2)
{return strcmp(((peoinfo*)p1)->addr, ((peoinfo*)p2)->addr);
}
void sort_by_name(Contact* pc)
{qsort(pc->data, pc->count, sizeof(peoinfo),cmp1);
}
void sort_by_sex(Contact* pc)
{qsort(pc->data, pc->count, sizeof(peoinfo), cmp2);
}
void sort_by_age(Contact* pc)
{qsort(pc->data, pc->count, sizeof(peoinfo), cmp3);
}
void sort_by_tele(Contact* pc)
{qsort(pc->data, pc->count, sizeof(peoinfo), cmp4);
}
void sort_by_addr(Contact* pc)
{qsort(pc->data, pc->count, sizeof(peoinfo), cmp4);
}
void Sortmenu()
{printf("*******************************\n");printf("***** 1.name 2.sex *****\n");printf("***** 3.age 4.tele *****\n");printf("***** 5.addr *****\n");printf("*******************************\n");
}
void SortContact(Contact* pc)
{assert(pc);Sortmenu();printf("请选择如何排序;>");int num = 0;scanf("%d", &num);if (num==1){sort_by_name(pc);}else if (num==2){sort_by_sex(pc);}else if (num==3){sort_by_age(pc);}else if (num==4){sort_by_tele(pc);}else if (num==5){sort_by_addr(pc);}else{printf("输入非法,请重新输入\n");}printf("排序后\n");printf("---------------------\n");printf("%-15s\t%-5s\t%-5s%-12s\t%-30s\n", "名字", "性别", "年龄", "电话", "地址");for (int i = 0; i < pc->count; i++){printf("%-15s\t%-5s\t%-5d%-12s\t%-30s\n",pc->data[i].name,pc->data[i].sex,pc->data[i].age,pc->data[i].tele,pc->data[i].addr);}printf("---------------------\n");}
void DestroyContact(Contact* pc)
{free(pc->data);pc->data = NULL;pc->count = 0;pc->capacity = 0;
}
void SaveContact(Contact* pc)
{FILE* pf = fopen("Contact.txt", "w");if (pf == NULL){perror("SaveContact");return;}fwrite(pc->data, sizeof(peoinfo),pc->count,pf);fclose(pf);pf = NULL;}
void LoadContact(Contact* pc)
{FILE* pf = fopen("Contact.txt", "r");if (pf == NULL){perror("LoadContact");return;}peoinfo temp = { 0 };while (fread(&temp, sizeof(peoinfo), 1, pf)){Check_Capacity(pc);pc->data[pc->count] = temp;pc->count++;}fclose(pf);pf = NULL;
}
void Check_Capacity(Contact* pc){if (pc->count == pc->capacity){peoinfo* ptr = (peoinfo*)realloc(pc->data, (pc->capacity + MAX_COUNT) * sizeof(peoinfo));if (ptr != NULL){pc->data= ptr;pc->capacity += MAX_COUNT;printf("增容成功\n");}else {perror("peoinfo");printf("通讯录已满,增容失败无法添加\n");return;}}
}