javaSwing图书管理系统

一、引言

图书管理系统是一个用于图书馆或书店管理图书信息、借阅记录和读者信息的应用程序。本系统使用Java Swing框架进行开发，提供直观的用户界面，方便图书馆管理员或书店工作人员对图书信息进行管理。以下是系统的设计、功能和实现的详细报告。

二、系统设计

技术选型：

前端框架： Java Swing
后端语言： Java
数据库：使用文件存储图书信息
系统架构：

MVC（Model-View-Controller）架构，以确保系统的可维护性和扩展性。
Model：数据模型，包括图书、读者和借阅记录等类。
View：用户界面，使用Swing组件实现各种窗口和表格。
Controller：控制器，处理用户输入、调用业务逻辑和更新视图。

三、系统功能

图书管理：

添加图书信息，包括书名、作者、出版社、出版日期等。
修改图书信息，支持编辑已有图书的属性。
删除图书，从系统中移除不需要的图书。
查询图书，根据书名、作者等条件进行搜索。
读者管理：

添加读者信息，包括姓名、学号（或工号）、联系方式等。
修改读者信息，更新读者的个人信息。
删除读者，从系统中注销读者账号。
查询读者，根据姓名、学号等条件进行搜索。
借阅管理：

借书，记录图书的借阅信息，包括借阅日期和应还日期。
还书，更新图书的借阅状态，计算逾期天数和罚金。
查询借阅记录，查看读者的借阅历史。

四、用户界面

登录界面：提供用户名和密码登录系统。
主界面：显示图书管理、读者管理和借阅管理等功能按钮。
图书管理界面：包括添加、修改、删除和查询图书的功能。
读者管理界面：包括添加、修改、删除和查询读者的功能。
借阅管理界面：包括借书、还书和查询借阅记录的功能。

五、数据库

1.book_admin表：存储管理员信息。

CREATE TABLE book_admin (
username varchar(20) NOT NULL COMMENT ‘用户名’,
password varchar(20) NOT NULL COMMENT ‘密码’,
PRIMARY KEY (username),
UNIQUE KEY UNIQUE (username)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

2.book_info表：存储图书信息。

CREATE TABLE book_info (
bookId int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT ‘图书id’,
bookName varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT ‘图书名称’,
author varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT ‘图书作者’,
– 其他字段…
PRIMARY KEY (bookId),
UNIQUE KEY UNIQUE (bookName)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;

3.book_lend表：存储借阅信息。

CREATE TABLE book_lend (
lendId int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT ‘借阅id’,
bookName varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT ‘图书名称’,
userName varchar(20) NOT NULL COMMENT ‘借阅者名称’,
– 其他字段…
PRIMARY KEY (lendId)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=7 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

4.book_type表：存储图书类别信息。

CREATE TABLE book_type (
typeId int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT ‘类别id’,
typeName varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT ‘类别名称’,
typeDesc varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT ‘类别描述’,
PRIMARY KEY (typeId),
UNIQUE KEY UNIQUE (typeName)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=40 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;

5.book_user表：存储用户信息。

CREATE TABLE book_user (
username varchar(20) NOT NULL COMMENT ‘用户名’,
password varchar(20) NOT NULL COMMENT ‘密码’,
PRIMARY KEY (username),
UNIQUE KEY UNIQUE (username)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

六、程序截图

在这里插入图片描述

七、代码

InfoFrame.java

package com.wang.view.minorframe;import com.wang.utils.ImageData;
import com.wang.view.baseview.MinorFrame;import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;/*** 关于我们界面*/
public class InfoFrame extends MinorFrame {public InfoFrame() {super("关于我们",840,590);initFrame();}private void initFrame(){JPanel jp = new JPanel(){@Overrideprotected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {super.paintComponent(g);ImageData.info.paintIcon(this, g, 0, 0);}};jp.setLayout(null);JLabel jl1 = new JLabel("欢迎使用图书管理系统！");jl1.setBounds(20,20,600,50);jl1.setFont(new Font("方正舒体", Font.PLAIN, 40));JLabel jl2 = new JLabel("工作邮箱：xxx");jl2.setBounds(20,70,600,50);jl2.setFont(new Font("方正舒体", Font.PLAIN, 40));jp.add(jl1);jp.add(jl2);setContentPane(jp);}
}

LendBookFrame.java

package com.wang.view.minorframe;import com.wang.bean.Book;
import com.wang.bean.LendInfo;
import com.wang.service.BookService;
import com.wang.service.LendInfoService;
import com.wang.service.TypeService;
import com.wang.service.impl.BookServiceImpl;
import com.wang.service.impl.LendInfoServiceImpl;
import com.wang.service.impl.TypeServiceImpl;
import com.wang.view.baseview.MinorFrame;import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.table.DefaultTableCellRenderer;
import javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.sql.Date;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.List;/*** 借阅图书界面*/
public class LendBookFrame extends MinorFrame {private JTable table;private DefaultTableModel tdm;private final BookService bookService = new BookServiceImpl();private final TypeService typeService = new TypeServiceImpl();private final LendInfoService lendInfoService = new LendInfoServiceImpl();private  JRadioButton jrb1, jrb2;private  JComboBox<String> jcb1, jcb2;private  JTextField jtf1, jtf2, jtf3, jtf4, jtf5, jtf6;private  JTextArea jta;public LendBookFrame(String username) {super("图书借阅", 800, 650);initFrame(username);}private void initFrame(String username){JPanel jp = new JPanel() {public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {super.paintComponent(g);g.drawLine(120, 330, getWidth() - 50, 330);g.drawLine(50, 580, getWidth() - 50, 580);g.drawLine(50, 330, 50, 580);g.drawLine(getWidth() - 50, 330, getWidth() - 50, 580);g.drawLine(120, 30, getWidth() - 50, 30);g.drawLine(50, 100, getWidth() - 50, 100);g.drawLine(50, 30, 50, 100);g.drawLine(getWidth() - 50, 30, getWidth() - 50, 100);}};jp.setLayout(null);initTable();JLabel jl1 = new JLabel("搜索条件");JLabel jl2 = new JLabel("图书名称：");JLabel jl3 = new JLabel("图书作者：");JLabel jl4 = new JLabel("图书类别：");JLabel jl5 = new JLabel("表单操作");JLabel jl6 = new JLabel("图书名称：");JLabel jl7 = new JLabel("图书作者：");JLabel jl8 = new JLabel("作者性别：");JLabel jl9 = new JLabel("图书价格：");JLabel jl10 = new JLabel("图书库存：");JLabel jl11 = new JLabel("图书类别：");JLabel jl12 = new JLabel("图书描述：");jtf1 = new JTextField();jtf2 = new JTextField();jtf3 = new JTextField();jtf4 = new JTextField();jtf5 = new JTextField();jtf6 = new JTextField();jta = new JTextArea(20, 20);jta.setLineWrap(true);JScrollPane j = new JScrollPane();jrb1 = new JRadioButton("男");jrb2 = new JRadioButton("女");ButtonGroup bg = new ButtonGroup();bg.add(jrb1);bg.add(jrb2);jrb1.setSelected(true);jcb1 = new JComboBox<>();jcb2 = new JComboBox<>();JButton jb1 = new JButton("查询");JButton jb2 = new JButton("借阅");JScrollPane jsp = new JScrollPane(table);jtf3.setEnabled(false);jtf4.setEnabled(false);jtf5.setEnabled(false);jtf6.setEnabled(false);jta.setEnabled(false);jcb2.setEnabled(false);jrb1.setEnabled(false);jrb2.setEnabled(false);jl1.setBounds(57, 20, 70, 20);jl2.setBounds(60, 55, 70, 20);jl3.setBounds(237, 55, 70, 20);jl4.setBounds(385, 55, 70, 20);jl5.setBounds(57, 320, 70, 20);jtf1.setBounds(125, 57, 100, 20);jtf2.setBounds(302, 57, 70, 20);jb1.setBounds(657, 42, 60, 20);jb2.setBounds(657, 72, 60, 20);jsp.setBounds(50, 125, 686, 180);jcb1.setBounds(455, 57, 180, 20);jcb2.setBounds(510, 397, 180, 20);jl6.setBounds(100, 355, 70, 20);jl7.setBounds(310, 355, 70, 20);jl8.setBounds(520, 355, 70, 20);jtf3.setBounds(170, 357, 130, 20);jtf4.setBounds(380, 357, 130, 20);jrb1.setBounds(590, 355, 40, 20);jrb2.setBounds(640, 355, 40, 20);jl9.setBounds(100, 395, 70, 20);jl10.setBounds(270, 395, 70, 20);jl11.setBounds(440, 395, 70, 20);jtf5.setBounds(170, 397, 90, 20);jtf6.setBounds(340, 397, 90, 20);jl12.setBounds(100, 438, 70, 20);j.setBounds(170, 440, 522, 120);fillBookTypeName();j.setViewportView(jta);jp.add(jl1);jp.add(jl2);jp.add(jl3);jp.add(jl4);jp.add(jl5);jp.add(jl6);jp.add(jl7);jp.add(jl8);jp.add(jl9);jp.add(jl10);jp.add(jl11);jp.add(jl12);jp.add(jtf1);jp.add(jtf2);jp.add(jtf3);jp.add(jtf4);jp.add(jtf5);jp.add(jtf6);jp.add(j);jp.add(jrb1);jp.add(jrb2);jp.add(jcb1);jp.add(jcb2);jp.add(jb1);jp.add(jb2);jp.add(jsp);table.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {@Overridepublic void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {bookMousePressed();}});jb1.addActionListener(this::searchAction);jb2.addActionListener(actionEvent ->lendAction(username));setContentPane(jp);}//查询按钮private void searchAction(ActionEvent e) {//表格先清空选择table.removeRowSelectionInterval(0, table.getRowCount() - 1);//模糊查找String strOfName = jtf1.getText().trim();String strOfAuthor = jtf2.getText().trim();//String strOfType = (String) jcb1.getSelectedItem();if ("".equals(strOfName) && "".equals(strOfAuthor) && "请选择……".equals(strOfType)) {JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "请输入查询信息！", "警告", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);return;}List<Book> list = new ArrayList<>();if (!"".equals(strOfName)) {list.addAll(bookService.getBookListByBookName(strOfName));}if (!"".equals(strOfAuthor)) {list.addAll(bookService.getBookListByAuthor(strOfAuthor));}if (!"".equals(strOfType)) {list.addAll(bookService.getBookListByTypeName(strOfType));}if (list.size() == 0) {JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "未查询到指定结果！");return;}for (Book book : list) {for (int j = 0; j < tdm.getRowCount(); j++) {//将查询到的book根据书名得到表中行数选择得到的行数if (book.getBookId().equals(table.getValueAt(j, 0))) {table.addRowSelectionInterval(j, j);break;}}}//随机展出一个查询到的book对象的信息Book book = list.get((int) ((Math.random() * 100) % list.size()));jtf3.setText(book.getBookName());jtf4.setText(book.getAuthor());jtf5.setText(String.valueOf(book.getPrice()));jtf6.setText(String.valueOf(book.getBookNum()));jta.setText(book.getBookDesc());if ("男".equals(book.getGender())) {jrb1.setSelected(true);} else {jrb2.setSelected(true);}jcb2.setSelectedItem(book.getTypeName());JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "共查询到" + table.getSelectedRowCount() + "条结果！");}//借阅按钮private void lendAction(String username) {if (table.getSelectedRowCount() > 1) {JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "不支持同时借阅多本图书！", "警告", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);return;}//获取选中行int row = table.getSelectedRow();if (row == - 1) { //没有选择JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "请选择待借阅图书！", "警告", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);return;}if (Integer.parseInt(String.valueOf(table.getValueAt(row, 5))) == 0) {JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "该书无库存！", "警告", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);return;}int isFlag = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, "是否借阅？");if (isFlag > 0) {return;}String bookName = (String) table.getValueAt(row, 1);//执行借阅bookService.lendBook(bookName); //库存减一//填入借阅信息lendInfoService.lendBook(new LendInfo(null, bookName, username, new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()), "未归还"));//更新数量Long newNum = (Long) table.getValueAt(row, 5) - 1;table.setValueAt(newNum, row, 5);jtf6.setText(String.valueOf(newNum));JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "借阅成功！");}//监听鼠标点击事件private void bookMousePressed() {int row = table.getSelectedRow();jtf3.setText(String.valueOf(table.getValueAt(row, 1)));jtf4.setText(String.valueOf(table.getValueAt(row, 2)));jtf5.setText(String.valueOf(table.getValueAt(row, 4)));jtf6.setText(String.valueOf(table.getValueAt(row, 5)));String gender = String.valueOf(table.getValueAt(row, 3));if ("男".equals(gender)) {jrb1.setSelected(true);} else {jrb2.setSelected(true);}String typeName = String.valueOf(table.getValueAt(row, 6));jcb2.setSelectedItem(typeName);jta.setText(String.valueOf(table.getValueAt(row, 7)));}//初始化表格private void initTable() {//创建表格String[] columnNames = {"编号", "图书名称", "作者", "作者性别", "图书价格","图书库存", "图书类别", "图书描述"};Object[][] rowType = bookService.getAllBookToArray();tdm = new DefaultTableModel(rowType, columnNames);table = new JTable(tdm) {@Overridepublic boolean isCellEditable(int row, int column) {return false; //不可编辑，但可以选择}};//DefaultTableCellRenderer dtcr = new DefaultTableCellRenderer();//单元格渲染器dtcr.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER);//居中显示table.setDefaultRenderer(Object.class, dtcr);//设置渲染器ttable.getColumnModel().getColumn(0).setPreferredWidth(30);table.getColumnModel().getColumn(1).setPreferredWidth(100);table.getColumnModel().getColumn(2).setPreferredWidth(100);table.getColumnModel().getColumn(3).setPreferredWidth(50);table.getColumnModel().getColumn(4).setPreferredWidth(50);table.getColumnModel().getColumn(5).setPreferredWidth(50);table.getColumnModel().getColumn(6).setPreferredWidth(100);table.getColumnModel().getColumn(7).setPreferredWidth(180);table.getTableHeader().setReorderingAllowed(false); //不可改变列的位置}//初始化类别下拉菜单private void fillBookTypeName() {jcb1.addItem("请选择……");jcb2.addItem("请选择……");List<com.wang.bean.Type> types = typeService.getAllTypeToList();for (com.wang.bean.Type type : types) {jcb1.addItem(type.getTypeName());jcb2.addItem(type.getTypeName());}}
}

OwnLendInfoFrame.java

package com.wang.view.minorframe;import com.wang.bean.LendInfo;
import com.wang.service.BookService;
import com.wang.service.LendInfoService;
import com.wang.service.impl.BookServiceImpl;
import com.wang.service.impl.LendInfoServiceImpl;
import com.wang.view.baseview.MinorFrame;import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.table.DefaultTableCellRenderer;
import javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel;
import java.sql.Date;/*** 个人借阅信息界面*/
public class OwnLendInfoFrame extends MinorFrame {private JTable table;private DefaultTableModel tdm;private final LendInfoService lendInfoService = new LendInfoServiceImpl();private final BookService bookService = new BookServiceImpl();public OwnLendInfoFrame(String username, boolean isFlag) {super("个人借阅信息", 500, 350);initFrame(username,isFlag);}private void initFrame(String username,boolean isFlag) {JPanel jp = new JPanel();jp.setLayout(null);initTable(username, isFlag);JScrollPane j = new JScrollPane(table);j.setBounds(30, 30, 425, 220);jp.add(j);if (isFlag) {JButton jb = new JButton("归还");jp.add(jb);jb.setBounds(360, 260, 60, 20);jb.addActionListener(actionEvent -> returnAction(username));}setContentPane(jp);}//归还按钮private void returnAction(String username) {if (table.getSelectedRowCount() > 1) {JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "不支持同时归还多本图书！", "警告", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);return;}//获取选中行int row = table.getSelectedRow();if (row == - 1) { //没有选择JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "请选择待归还图书！", "警告", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);return;}int isFlag = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, "是否归还？");if (isFlag > 0) {return;}int lendId = (int) table.getValueAt(row, 0);String bookName = (String) table.getValueAt(row, 1);Date lendDate = (Date) table.getValueAt(row, 2);bookService.returnBook(bookName); //库存加一lendInfoService.returnBook(new LendInfo(lendId, bookName, username, lendDate, new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()).toString())); //填入归还日期tdm.removeRow(row);JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "归还成功！");}//初始化表格private void initTable(String username,boolean isFlag) {//创建表格String[] columnNames = {"借阅编号", "图书名称", "借阅时间", "归还时间"};Object[][] rowType;if(isFlag) {rowType = lendInfoService.getOwnLendInfo(username);} else{rowType = lendInfoService.getOwnReturnInfo(username);}tdm = new DefaultTableModel(rowType, columnNames);table = new JTable(tdm) {@Overridepublic boolean isCellEditable(int row, int column) {return false; //不可编辑，但可以选择}};//DefaultTableCellRenderer dtcr = new DefaultTableCellRenderer();//单元格渲染器dtcr.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER);//居中显示table.setDefaultRenderer(Object.class, dtcr);//设置渲染器ttable.getColumnModel().getColumn(0).setPreferredWidth(60);table.getColumnModel().getColumn(1).setPreferredWidth(205);table.getColumnModel().getColumn(2).setPreferredWidth(80);table.getColumnModel().getColumn(3).setPreferredWidth(80);table.getTableHeader().setReorderingAllowed(false); //不可改变列的位置}
}

RegisterFrame.java

package com.wang.view.minorframe;import com.wang.bean.User;
import com.wang.service.UserService;
import com.wang.service.impl.UserServiceImpl;
import com.wang.utils.ImageData;
import com.wang.view.baseview.MinorFrame;import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;/*** 用户注册界面*/
public class RegisterFrame extends MinorFrame {private  JTextField jtf;private  JPasswordField jpf1, jpf2;private  JButton jb1, jb3;private final UserService userService = new UserServiceImpl();public RegisterFrame() {super("注册框", 500, 380);initFrame();}private void initFrame(){JPanel jp = new JPanel(){@Overrideprotected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {super.paintComponent(g);ImageData.bg.paintIcon(this, g, 0, 0);}};jp.setLayout(null);JLabel jl1 = new JLabel();JLabel jl2 = new JLabel();JLabel jl3 = new JLabel();jl1.setText(" 用  户  名：");jl1.setIcon(ImageData.un);jl2.setText(" 密        码：");jl2.setIcon(ImageData.pw);jl3.setText(" 确认密码：");jl3.setIcon(ImageData.pw);jl1.setBounds(60, 45, 165, 25);jl2.setBounds(60, 100, 165, 25);jl3.setBounds(60, 155, 165, 25);jl1.setFont(new Font("方正舒体", Font.PLAIN, 25));jl2.setFont(new Font("方正舒体", Font.PLAIN, 25));jl3.setFont(new Font("方正舒体", Font.PLAIN, 25));jtf = new JTextField();jpf1 = new JPasswordField();jpf2 = new JPasswordField();jtf.setBounds(225, 48, 200, 25);jtf.setFont(new Font("方正舒体", Font.PLAIN, 25));jpf1.setBounds(225, 103, 200, 25);jpf1.setFont(new Font("方正舒体", Font.PLAIN, 25));jpf1.setEchoChar('\u2605');jpf2.setBounds(225, 158, 200, 25);jpf2.setFont(new Font("方正舒体", Font.PLAIN, 25));jpf2.setEchoChar('\u2605');jb1 = new JButton("确认");JButton jb2 = new JButton("取消");jb3 = new JButton("重置");jb1.setBounds(70, 230, 80, 40);jb1.setFont(new Font("方正舒体", Font.PLAIN, 20));jb2.setBounds(200, 230, 80, 40);jb2.setFont(new Font("方正舒体", Font.PLAIN, 20));jb3.setBounds(330, 230, 80, 40);jb3.setFont(new Font("方正舒体", Font.PLAIN, 20));jtf.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {@Overridepublic void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {char c = e.getKeyChar();if (c == KeyEvent.VK_ENTER) {jpf1.grabFocus();}}});jpf1.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {@Overridepublic void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {char c = e.getKeyChar();if (c == KeyEvent.VK_ENTER) {jpf2.grabFocus();}}});jpf2.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {@Overridepublic void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {char c = e.getKeyChar();if (c == KeyEvent.VK_ENTER) {jb1.doClick();}}});jp.add(jl1);jp.add(jl2);jp.add(jl3);jp.add(jtf);jp.add(jpf1);jp.add(jpf2);jp.add(jb1);jp.add(jb2);jp.add(jb3);jb1.addActionListener(this::registerAction);jb2.addActionListener(this::cancelAction);jb3.addActionListener(this::resetAction);setContentPane(jp);}//注册按钮private void registerAction(ActionEvent e) {String username = jtf.getText().trim();String password1 = String.valueOf(jpf1.getPassword()).trim();String password2 = String.valueOf(jpf2.getPassword()).trim();if ("".equals(username)) {JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "用户名不能为空！", "警告", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);return;}if ("".equals(password1)) {JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "密码不能为空！", "警告", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);return;}if ("".equals(password2)) {JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "请确认你的密码！", "警告", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);return;}if (!password1.equals(password2)) {JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "两次输入的密码不一致！", "警告", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);jb3.doClick();return;}if ("root".equals(username)) {JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "用户名已存在！", "错误", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);jb3.doClick();return;}User user = new User(username, password1);boolean isSuccess = userService.registerUser(user);if (isSuccess) {JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "注册成功！");this.dispose();} else {JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "用户名已存在！", "错误", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);jb3.doClick();}}//取消按钮private void cancelAction(ActionEvent e) {this.dispose();}//重置按钮private void resetAction(ActionEvent e) {jtf.setText("");jpf1.setText("");jpf2.setText("");}
}

八、结论

图书管理系统采用Java Swing框架，实现了图书、读者和借阅记录的基本管理功能。通过清晰的系统设计、直观的用户界面和严谨的测试，确保了系统的可用性和稳定性。未来的改进方向可以考虑引入更复杂的数据库系统、增加图书推荐算法等功能，提升系统的智能化和用户体验。

九、交流与联系

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