一.获取主机的网络信息
- 需要添加network模块
QT += core gui network
- 主要涉及的类分析
QHostInfo类
- QHostInfo::localHostName() 获取本地的主机名
- QHostInfo::fromName(const QString &) 获取指定主机的主机信息 addresses接口
QNetworkInterface类
- QNetworkInterface::allAddresses() 网卡所有的IP地址
- 项目效果
- 源码如下
#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H#include <QMainWindow>
#include<QHostInfo>QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
namespace Ui { class MainWindow; }
QT_END_NAMESPACEclass MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{Q_OBJECTpublic:MainWindow(QWidget *parent = nullptr);~MainWindow();private slots://获取主机名void GetHostName();//获取IPV4void GetIPV4();//获取IPV6void GetIPV6();//清除文本内容void Clear_Text();//获取指定域名的IP地址void Get_DefineHost();void lookedUp(QHostInfo hostInfo);//主机所有网卡IP地址void GetAlladdresses();//所有网卡的网络信息void GetNetWorkInfo();private:void InitConnectSignals();private:Ui::MainWindow *ui;
};
#endif // MAINWINDOW_H
#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "ui_mainwindow.h"
#include<QHostInfo>
#include<QNetworkInterface>MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent): QMainWindow(parent), ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{ui->setupUi(this);this->setWindowTitle("主机的网络信息");InitConnectSignals();
}MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{delete ui;
}void MainWindow::GetHostName()
{//获取当前的主机名QString hostname = QHostInfo::localHostName();ui->textEdit->append("当前的主机名为:"+hostname);}void MainWindow::GetIPV4()
{//获取当前的主机名QString hostname = QHostInfo::localHostName();//获取指定主机的主机信息QHostInfo hostinformation = QHostInfo::fromName(hostname);//Returns the list of IP addresses associated with hostName().//This list may be empty.//返回与hostName()相关联的IP地址列表。//该列表可能为空。QList<QHostAddress> addrlist = hostinformation.addresses();ui->textEdit->append("本机的IPV4地址如下:");if(!addrlist.isEmpty()){//for遍历输出for(int i=0;i<addrlist.size();i++){//protocol是协议的意思if(addrlist[i].protocol()==QAbstractSocket::IPv4Protocol){ui->textEdit->append(addrlist[i].toString());}}}}void MainWindow::GetIPV6()
{//获取当前的主机名QString hostname = QHostInfo::localHostName();//获取指定主机的主机信息QHostInfo hostinformation = QHostInfo::fromName(hostname);//Returns the list of IP addresses associated with hostName().//This list may be empty.//返回与hostName()相关联的IP地址列表。//该列表可能为空。QList<QHostAddress> addrlist = hostinformation.addresses();ui->textEdit->append("本机的IPV6地址如下:");if(!addrlist.isEmpty()){//for遍历输出for(int i=0;i<addrlist.size();i++){//protocol是协议的意思if(addrlist[i].protocol()==QAbstractSocket::IPv6Protocol){ui->textEdit->append(addrlist[i].toString());}}}
}void MainWindow::Clear_Text()
{ui->textEdit->clear();
}void MainWindow::Get_DefineHost()
{//获取lineEdit上的域名QString hostName =ui->lineEdit->text();if(hostName.isEmpty()){return ;}//获取域名的IPV4信息/*查找与主机名name相关联的IP地址,并返回用于查找的ID。当查找结果准备好时,
将使用QHostInfo参数调用receiver中的slot或信号成员。然后可以检查QHostInfo对象以获得查找结果。*///lookupHost(const QString &name, QObject *context, Func1 slot)QHostInfo::lookupHost(hostName,this,SLOT(lookedUp(QHostInfo)));
}void MainWindow::lookedUp(QHostInfo hostInfo)
{//当前的主机名QString hostName=hostInfo.hostName();ui->textEdit->append("当前域名为:"+hostName+" IPV4信息如下:");QList<QHostAddress> addrlist = hostInfo.addresses();if(!addrlist.isEmpty()){for(int i=0;i<addrlist.count();i++){if(addrlist[i].protocol()==QAbstractSocket::IPv4Protocol){ui->textEdit->append(addrlist[i].toString());}}}/*常见的错误
QObject::connect: Incompatible sender/receiver argumentsQHostInfoResult::resultsReady(QHostInfo) --> MainWindow::lookedUp(QHostInfo&)信号和槽的参数不匹配*/
}void MainWindow::GetAlladdresses()
{//获取网卡的所有IP信息ui->textEdit->append("所有网卡的IPV4信息如下:");QList<QHostAddress>addrlist = QNetworkInterface::allAddresses();if(!addrlist.isEmpty()){for(int i=0;i<addrlist.count();i++){if(addrlist[i].protocol()==QAbstractSocket::IPv4Protocol){ui->textEdit->append(addrlist[i].toString());}}}}void MainWindow::GetNetWorkInfo()
{//获取所有网卡的网络信息QList<QNetworkInterface>list =QNetworkInterface::allInterfaces();for(int i=0;i<list.count();i++){QNetworkInterface interface = list[i];if(!interface.isValid()){continue;}ui->textEdit->append("设备名称:"+interface.humanReadableName());ui->textEdit->append("硬件地址:"+interface.hardwareAddress());//一个网卡,可以有多个IP地址QList<QNetworkAddressEntry> list2 = interface.addressEntries();for(int j=0; j<list2.count(); j++){QNetworkAddressEntry entry = list2[j];ui->textEdit->append("\tIP地址:" + entry.ip().toString());ui->textEdit->append("\t子网掩码:" + entry.netmask().toString());ui->textEdit->append("\t广播地址: " + entry.broadcast().toString() + "\n");}}}void MainWindow::InitConnectSignals()
{//void pressed();connect(ui->pushButton_HostName,SIGNAL(pressed()),this,SLOT(GetHostName()));connect(ui->pushButton_IPV4,SIGNAL(pressed()),this,SLOT(GetIPV4()));connect(ui->pushButton_IPV6,SIGNAL(pressed()),this,SLOT(GetIPV6()));connect(ui->pushButton_Clear,SIGNAL(pressed()),this,SLOT(Clear_Text()));connect(ui->pushButton_DefineHost,SIGNAL(pressed()),this,SLOT(Get_DefineHost()));connect(ui->pushButton_Alladdresses,SIGNAL(pressed()),this,SLOT(GetAlladdresses()));connect(ui->pushButton_Network,SIGNAL(pressed()),this,SLOT(GetNetWorkInfo()));
}
二.TCP编程
1. server编程(服务器端实现)
-
项目效果
-
客户端(使用的是调试助手)
-
项目源码
#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "ui_mainwindow.h"
#include<QLabel>
#include<QHostInfo>MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent): QMainWindow(parent), ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{ui->setupUi(this);InitUI();
}MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{delete ui;
}void MainWindow::InitUI()
{//加状态栏中添加控件label_first=new QLabel();label_second=new QLabel();label_third=new QLabel();label_four=new QLabel();label_first->setText("监听状态:");label_third->setText("套接字状态:");label_first->setMaximumWidth(80);label_third->setMaximumWidth(80);label_second->setMinimumWidth(100);label_four->setMinimumWidth(100);ui->statusbar->addWidget(label_first);ui->statusbar->addWidget(label_second);ui->statusbar->addWidget(label_third);ui->statusbar->addWidget(label_four);//fromName 返回指定主机的主机信息QHostInfo hostInfo = QHostInfo::fromName(QHostInfo::localHostName());QList<QHostAddress> addrlist = hostInfo.addresses();if(!addrlist.isEmpty()){for(int i=0;i<addrlist.count();i++){QHostAddress address = addrlist[i];if(address.protocol()==QAbstractSocket::IPv4Protocol){ui->comboBox->addItem(address.toString());}}}//本机的环回网卡的IP 127.0.0.1//用来做网络测试的ui->comboBox->addItem("127.0.0.1");//处理tcp通信tcpserver=new QTcpServer(this);//发现新信号就触发onNewConnectionconnect(tcpserver,SIGNAL(newConnection()),this,SLOT(onNewConnection()));}void MainWindow::on_actionListen_triggered()
{QString ip =ui->comboBox->currentText();//unsigned shortquint16 port = ui->spinBox->value();QHostAddress addr(ip);//开始监听tcpserver->listen(addr,port);label_second->setText("已开始监听");ui->textEdit->append("开始监听,等待客户端发起连接...");ui->textEdit->append("服务器地址:"+tcpserver->serverAddress().toString());ui->textEdit->append("服务器端口:"+QString::number(tcpserver->serverPort()));//更改控件ui->actionStop->setEnabled(true);ui->actionListen->setEnabled(false);}void MainWindow::on_actionStop_triggered()
{//停止监听if(tcpserver->isListening()){tcpserver->close();ui->actionListen->setEnabled(true);ui->actionStop->setEnabled(false);label_second->setText("已停止监听");}}void MainWindow::on_actionClear_triggered()
{label_second->clear();label_four->clear();ui->textEdit->clear();
}void MainWindow::onNewConnection()
{//一旦有新的连接//难以理解的概念:套接字,相当于客户端套接字,每当有客户端发起请求,服务器就会分配一个套接字//去接待tcpsocket=tcpserver->nextPendingConnection();//取出要服务,相当于是分配一个服务人员//连接成功会触发的connect(tcpsocket,SIGNAL(connected()),this,SLOT(onConnected()));//当有数据可以读的时候,我们就读数据,(使用信号槽)connect(tcpsocket,SIGNAL(readyRead()),this,SLOT(onSocketReadyRead()));connect(tcpsocket,SIGNAL(disconnected()),this,SLOT(onDisconnected()));// void stateChanged(QAbstractSocket::SocketState);connect(tcpsocket,SIGNAL(stateChanged(QAbstractSocket::SocketState)),this,SLOT(onSocketStateChanged(QAbstractSocket::SocketState)));onSocketStateChanged(tcpsocket->state());//先更新一下状态}void MainWindow::onSocketReadyRead()
{//有数据可读时while(tcpsocket->canReadLine()){ui->textEdit->append("[收到]"+tcpsocket->readLine());}}void MainWindow::onConnected()
{//刚连入成功ui->textEdit->append("\n客户端请求已经接入!");//获取客户端的地址信息ui->textEdit->append("客户端地址:"+tcpsocket->peerAddress().toString());ui->textEdit->append("客户端端口号:"+QString::number(tcpsocket->peerPort()));}void MainWindow::onDisconnected()
{ui->textEdit->append("\n客户端已断开连接");tcpsocket->deleteLater();//以后在删除,这样更安全
}void MainWindow::onSocketStateChanged(QAbstractSocket::SocketState status)
{/*UnconnectedState,HostLookupState,ConnectingState,ConnectedState,BoundState,ListeningState,ClosingState*///套接字状态发生变化switch(status){case QAbstractSocket::UnconnectedState:label_four->setText("未连接");break;case QAbstractSocket::HostLookupState:label_four->setText("正在查找主机名");break;case QAbstractSocket::ConnectingState:label_four->setText("正在连接");break;case QAbstractSocket::ConnectedState:label_four->setText("已连接");break;case QAbstractSocket::BoundState:label_four->setText("已绑定到IP地址和端口号");break;case QAbstractSocket::ListeningState:label_four->setText("正在监听");break;case QAbstractSocket::ClosingState:label_four->setText("准备关闭");break;}}void MainWindow::on_pushButton_clicked()
{//发送一行字符串QString msg = ui->lineEdit->text();//utf编码,QByteArray在功能上很像字符数组QByteArray str=msg.toUtf8();str.append('\n');//服务器向客户端发送数据tcpsocket->write(str);}void MainWindow::on_actionQuit_triggered()
{close();
}
2. 客户端实现
-
效果展示
-
源码如下
#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "ui_mainwindow.h"MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent): QMainWindow(parent), ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{ui->setupUi(this);//创建了客户端的套接字对象tcpsocket=new QTcpSocket(this);//连接成功会触发的connect(tcpsocket,SIGNAL(connected()),this,SLOT(onConnected()));//当有数据可以读的时候,我们就读数据,(使用信号槽)connect(tcpsocket,SIGNAL(readyRead()),this,SLOT(onSocketReadyRead()));connect(tcpsocket,SIGNAL(disconnected()),this,SLOT(onDisconnected()));// void stateChanged(QAbstractSocket::SocketState);connect(tcpsocket,SIGNAL(stateChanged(QAbstractSocket::SocketState)),this,SLOT(onSocketStateChanged(QAbstractSocket::SocketState)));ui->actionConnect->setEnabled(true);ui->actionDisconnect->setEnabled(false);}MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{delete ui;
}void MainWindow::onConnected()
{//peerAddress对等地址//打印服务器的地址ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("已连接到服务器!");ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("---服务器地址:"+tcpsocket->peerAddress().toString());ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("---服务器端口:"+QString::number(tcpsocket->peerPort()));
}void MainWindow::onDisconnected()
{ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("服务器的连接已经断开");ui->actionConnect->setEnabled(true);ui->actionDisconnect->setEnabled(false);
}void MainWindow::onSocketStateChanged(QAbstractSocket::SocketState status)
{//这和服务器端的判断一样的
}void MainWindow::onSocketReadyRead()
{while(tcpsocket->canReadLine()){ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("[收到]"+tcpsocket->readLine());}
}void MainWindow::on_actionConnect_triggered()
{QString ip = ui->lineEditIP->text();quint16 port=ui->spinBoxPort->value();tcpsocket->connectToHost(ip,port);
}void MainWindow::on_actionDisconnect_triggered()
{if(tcpsocket->state()==QAbstractSocket::ConnectedState){//从主机那断开tcpsocket->disconnectFromHost();}
}void MainWindow::closeEvent(QCloseEvent *event)
{if(tcpsocket->state()==QAbstractSocket::ConnectedState){//从主机那断开tcpsocket->disconnectFromHost();}event->accept();//不调用这个窗口就不会关闭//event->ignore();这个窗口就不关闭
}void MainWindow::on_actionClear_triggered()
{ui->plainTextEdit->clear();
}void MainWindow::on_actionQuit_triggered()
{close();
}void MainWindow::on_pushButton_clicked()
{QString msg = ui->lineEditSend->text();QByteArray str=msg.toUtf8();str.append('\n');tcpsocket->write(str);ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("[发送]"+msg);ui->lineEditSend->clear();ui->lineEditSend->setFocus();//设置光标聚焦
}