使用python获取城市经纬度以及城市间的距离、火车时间、所需成本等

这里写自定义目录标题

1 获取城市地理坐标
2 获取交通数据
3 数据存储
4 代码整合

本案例研究选择了中国的五个中心城市（上海市、深圳市、北京市、广州市、杭州市）和25个边境城市（如巴彦淖尔市、白山市等）作为研究对象。通过调用高德地图API（ https://lbs.amap.com/api ）来获取城市的地理坐标及从边境城市到中心城市的交通数据，包括距离、时间和费用。

准备材料：
1、搭建python环境
2、注册高德api link
3、获取key link （注册后，才能打开该网站以及下述网站）
3、阅读api说明文档
获取城市经纬度链接: link
在这里插入图片描述

获取城市间的距离、火车时间等: link
在这里插入图片描述

1 获取城市地理坐标

使用高德地图API，根据城市名称获取其地理坐标（经纬度）。这一过程首先构建请求URL，然后发送HTTP请求，最后解析返回的JSON数据以提取所需信息。

import requestsCenterCity_name = ['上海市', "深圳市", "北京市", "广州市", "杭州市"]
BorderCity_name = ['巴彦淖尔市', '白山市', '百色市', '包头市', '保山市', '丹东市', '防城港市', '哈密市', '鹤岗市', '黑河市', '呼伦贝尔市', '鸡西市', '佳木斯市', '酒泉市','林芝市', '临沧市', '牡丹江市', '南宁市', '普洱市', '日喀则市', '山南市', '双鸭山市', '通化市', '乌兰察布市','伊春市']
city_location = []
border_city_location = []#获取指定城市（如上海市）的经纬度
def get_city_location(city_name):url = f'https://restapi.amap.com/v3/config/district?keywords={city_name}&subdistrict=2&key=<准备材料中获取的key>'response = requests.get(url)json_data = response.json()if json_data['districts'] and len(json_data['districts']) > 0:return json_data['districts'][0]['center']else:print(f"{city_name}信息列表为空")return Nonefor city in CenterCity_name:location = get_city_location(city)if location:city_location.append(location)for city in BorderCity_name:location = get_city_location(city)if location:border_city_location.append(location)print("Center City Locations:", city_location)
print("Border City Locations:", border_city_location)

2 获取交通数据

通过构建请求URL，从高德地图API获取边境城市到中心城市的交通数据，包括距离（米）、时间（秒）和费用（元）。

##### 获取BorderCity至CenterCity需要花费的时间、距离和金钱 #####
data = []for center_city, center_loc in city_location.items():for border_city, border_loc in border_city_location.items():if center_loc and border_loc:url = f'https://restapi.amap.com/v5/direction/transit/integrated?origin={border_loc}&destination={center_loc}&show_fields=cost&key=<准备材料中获取的key>'response = requests.get(url)json_data = response.json()if json_data.get('route') and json_data['route'].get('transits'):transits = json_data['route']['transits'][0] distance = transits['distance'] #获取城市间的距离，单位：米duration = int(transits['cost']['duration']) #获取城市间的时间，单位：秒time = duration / 3600 #获取城市间的时间，单位：小时tolls = transits['cost']['transit_fee'] #获取城市间的所需成本，单位：元data.append([border_city, center_city, distance, time, tolls])else:print(f"{border_city} 转乘信息列表为空")

3 数据存储

将获取的交通数据写入CSV文件中，方便后续分析和应用。

with open('city_data.csv', 'w', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as file:writer = csv.writer(file)writer.writerow(["Border City", "Center City", "Distance (m)", "Time (h)", "Tolls (CNY)"])writer.writerows(data)

打开city_data.csv表格，如下图所示
在这里插入图片描述

4 代码整合

import requests
import csv### 研究区城市 ###
CenterCity_name = ['上海市', "深圳市", "北京市", "广州市", "杭州市"]
BorderCity_name = ['巴彦淖尔市', '白山市', '百色市', '包头市', '保山市', '丹东市', '防城港市', '哈密市', '鹤岗市', '黑河市', '呼伦贝尔市', '鸡西市', '佳木斯市', '酒泉市','林芝市', '临沧市', '牡丹江市', '南宁市', '普洱市', '日喀则市', '山南市', '双鸭山市', '通化市', '乌兰察布市','伊春市']##### 获取上述城市的地理坐标 #####
def get_city_location(city_name):url = f'https://restapi.amap.com/v3/config/district?keywords={city_name}&subdistrict=2&key=03fe3cfb4dcfb788868fd9f352ee3726'response = requests.get(url)json_data = response.json()if json_data['districts']:return json_data['districts'][0]['center']else:print(f"{city_name}信息列表为空")return Nonecity_location = {city: get_city_location(city) for city in CenterCity_name}
border_city_location = {city: get_city_location(city) for city in BorderCity_name}##### 获取BorderCity至CenterCity需要花费的时间、距离和金钱 #####
data = []for center_city, center_loc in city_location.items():for border_city, border_loc in border_city_location.items():if center_loc and border_loc:url = f'https://restapi.amap.com/v5/direction/transit/integrated?origin={border_loc}&destination={center_loc}&show_fields=cost&key=<准备材料中获取的key>'response = requests.get(url)json_data = response.json()if json_data.get('route') and json_data['route'].get('transits'):transits = json_data['route']['transits'][0] distance = transits['distance'] #获取城市间的距离，单位：米duration = int(transits['cost']['duration']) #获取城市间的时间，单位：秒time = duration / 3600 #获取城市间的时间，单位：小时tolls = transits['cost']['transit_fee'] #获取城市间的所需成本，单位：元data.append([border_city, center_city, distance, time, tolls])else:print(f"{border_city} 转乘信息列表为空")##### 将数据写入CSV文件 #####
with open('city_data.csv', 'w', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as file:writer = csv.writer(file)writer.writerow(["Border City", "Center City", "Distance (m)", "Time (h)", "Tolls (CNY)"])writer.writerows(data)print("数据已成功写入 city_data.csv 文件。")