昇思25天学习打卡营第15天|基于MobileNetv2的垃圾分类

一、关于MobileNetv2

MobileNet网络专注于移动端、嵌入式或IoT设备的轻量级CNN网络。MobileNet网络使用深度可分离卷积（Depthwise Separable Convolution）的思想在准确率小幅度降低的前提下，大大减小了模型参数与运算量。并引入宽度系数 α和分辨率系数 β使模型满足不同应用场景的需求。

因为MobileNet网络中Relu激活函数处理低维特征信息时会存在大量的丢失，所以MobileNetV2网络提出使用倒残差结构（Inverted residual block）和Linear Bottlenecks来设计网络，以提高模型的准确率，且优化后的模型更小。
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二、MobileNetV2模型构建

使用MindSpore定义MobileNetV2网络的各模块时需要继承mindspore.nn.Cell。Cell是所有神经网络（Conv2d等）的基类。

__all__ = ['MobileNetV2', 'MobileNetV2Backbone', 'MobileNetV2Head', 'mobilenet_v2']def _make_divisible(v, divisor, min_value=None):if min_value is None:min_value = divisornew_v = max(min_value, int(v + divisor / 2) // divisor * divisor)if new_v < 0.9 * v:new_v += divisorreturn new_vclass GlobalAvgPooling(nn.Cell):"""Global avg pooling definition.Args:Returns:Tensor, output tensor.Examples:>>> GlobalAvgPooling()"""def __init__(self):super(GlobalAvgPooling, self).__init__()def construct(self, x):x = P.mean(x, (2, 3))return xclass ConvBNReLU(nn.Cell):"""Convolution/Depthwise fused with Batchnorm and ReLU block definition.Args:in_planes (int): Input channel.out_planes (int): Output channel.kernel_size (int): Input kernel size.stride (int): Stride size for the first convolutional layer. Default: 1.groups (int): channel group. Convolution is 1 while Depthiwse is input channel. Default: 1.Returns:Tensor, output tensor.Examples:>>> ConvBNReLU(16, 256, kernel_size=1, stride=1, groups=1)"""def __init__(self, in_planes, out_planes, kernel_size=3, stride=1, groups=1):super(ConvBNReLU, self).__init__()padding = (kernel_size - 1) // 2in_channels = in_planesout_channels = out_planesif groups == 1:conv = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, pad_mode='pad', padding=padding)else:out_channels = in_planesconv = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, pad_mode='pad',padding=padding, group=in_channels)layers = [conv, nn.BatchNorm2d(out_planes), nn.ReLU6()]self.features = nn.SequentialCell(layers)def construct(self, x):output = self.features(x)return outputclass InvertedResidual(nn.Cell):"""Mobilenetv2 residual block definition.Args:inp (int): Input channel.oup (int): Output channel.stride (int): Stride size for the first convolutional layer. Default: 1.expand_ratio (int): expand ration of input channelReturns:Tensor, output tensor.Examples:>>> ResidualBlock(3, 256, 1, 1)"""def __init__(self, inp, oup, stride, expand_ratio):super(InvertedResidual, self).__init__()assert stride in [1, 2]hidden_dim = int(round(inp * expand_ratio))self.use_res_connect = stride == 1 and inp == ouplayers = []if expand_ratio != 1:layers.append(ConvBNReLU(inp, hidden_dim, kernel_size=1))layers.extend([ConvBNReLU(hidden_dim, hidden_dim,stride=stride, groups=hidden_dim),nn.Conv2d(hidden_dim, oup, kernel_size=1,stride=1, has_bias=False),nn.BatchNorm2d(oup),])self.conv = nn.SequentialCell(layers)self.cast = P.Cast()def construct(self, x):identity = xx = self.conv(x)if self.use_res_connect:return P.add(identity, x)return xclass MobileNetV2Backbone(nn.Cell):"""MobileNetV2 architecture.Args:class_num (int): number of classes.width_mult (int): Channels multiplier for round to 8/16 and others. Default is 1.has_dropout (bool): Is dropout used. Default is falseinverted_residual_setting (list): Inverted residual settings. Default is Noneround_nearest (list): Channel round to . Default is 8Returns:Tensor, output tensor.Examples:>>> MobileNetV2(num_classes=1000)"""def __init__(self, width_mult=1., inverted_residual_setting=None, round_nearest=8,input_channel=32, last_channel=1280):super(MobileNetV2Backbone, self).__init__()block = InvertedResidual# setting of inverted residual blocksself.cfgs = inverted_residual_settingif inverted_residual_setting is None:self.cfgs = [# t, c, n, s[1, 16, 1, 1],[6, 24, 2, 2],[6, 32, 3, 2],[6, 64, 4, 2],[6, 96, 3, 1],[6, 160, 3, 2],[6, 320, 1, 1],]# building first layerinput_channel = _make_divisible(input_channel * width_mult, round_nearest)self.out_channels = _make_divisible(last_channel * max(1.0, width_mult), round_nearest)features = [ConvBNReLU(3, input_channel, stride=2)]# building inverted residual blocksfor t, c, n, s in self.cfgs:output_channel = _make_divisible(c * width_mult, round_nearest)for i in range(n):stride = s if i == 0 else 1features.append(block(input_channel, output_channel, stride, expand_ratio=t))input_channel = output_channelfeatures.append(ConvBNReLU(input_channel, self.out_channels, kernel_size=1))self.features = nn.SequentialCell(features)self._initialize_weights()def construct(self, x):x = self.features(x)return xdef _initialize_weights(self):"""Initialize weights.Args:Returns:None.Examples:>>> _initialize_weights()"""self.init_parameters_data()for _, m in self.cells_and_names():if isinstance(m, nn.Conv2d):n = m.kernel_size[0] * m.kernel_size[1] * m.out_channelsm.weight.set_data(Tensor(np.random.normal(0, np.sqrt(2. / n),m.weight.data.shape).astype("float32")))if m.bias is not None:m.bias.set_data(Tensor(np.zeros(m.bias.data.shape, dtype="float32")))elif isinstance(m, nn.BatchNorm2d):m.gamma.set_data(Tensor(np.ones(m.gamma.data.shape, dtype="float32")))m.beta.set_data(Tensor(np.zeros(m.beta.data.shape, dtype="float32")))@propertydef get_features(self):return self.featuresclass MobileNetV2Head(nn.Cell):"""MobileNetV2 architecture.Args:class_num (int): Number of classes. Default is 1000.has_dropout (bool): Is dropout used. Default is falseReturns:Tensor, output tensor.Examples:>>> MobileNetV2(num_classes=1000)"""def __init__(self, input_channel=1280, num_classes=1000, has_dropout=False, activation="None"):super(MobileNetV2Head, self).__init__()# mobilenet headhead = ([GlobalAvgPooling(), nn.Dense(input_channel, num_classes, has_bias=True)] if not has_dropout else[GlobalAvgPooling(), nn.Dropout(0.2), nn.Dense(input_channel, num_classes, has_bias=True)])self.head = nn.SequentialCell(head)self.need_activation = Trueif activation == "Sigmoid":self.activation = nn.Sigmoid()elif activation == "Softmax":self.activation = nn.Softmax()else:self.need_activation = Falseself._initialize_weights()def construct(self, x):x = self.head(x)if self.need_activation:x = self.activation(x)return xdef _initialize_weights(self):"""Initialize weights.Args:Returns:None.Examples:>>> _initialize_weights()"""self.init_parameters_data()for _, m in self.cells_and_names():if isinstance(m, nn.Dense):m.weight.set_data(Tensor(np.random.normal(0, 0.01, m.weight.data.shape).astype("float32")))if m.bias is not None:m.bias.set_data(Tensor(np.zeros(m.bias.data.shape, dtype="float32")))@propertydef get_head(self):return self.headclass MobileNetV2(nn.Cell):"""MobileNetV2 architecture.Args:class_num (int): number of classes.width_mult (int): Channels multiplier for round to 8/16 and others. Default is 1.has_dropout (bool): Is dropout used. Default is falseinverted_residual_setting (list): Inverted residual settings. Default is Noneround_nearest (list): Channel round to . Default is 8Returns:Tensor, output tensor.Examples:>>> MobileNetV2(backbone, head)"""def __init__(self, num_classes=1000, width_mult=1., has_dropout=False, inverted_residual_setting=None, \round_nearest=8, input_channel=32, last_channel=1280):super(MobileNetV2, self).__init__()self.backbone = MobileNetV2Backbone(width_mult=width_mult, \inverted_residual_setting=inverted_residual_setting, \round_nearest=round_nearest, input_channel=input_channel, last_channel=last_channel).get_featuresself.head = MobileNetV2Head(input_channel=self.backbone.out_channel, num_classes=num_classes, \has_dropout=has_dropout).get_headdef construct(self, x):x = self.backbone(x)x = self.head(x)return xclass MobileNetV2Combine(nn.Cell):"""MobileNetV2Combine architecture.Args:backbone (Cell): the features extract layers.head (Cell):  the fully connected layers.Returns:Tensor, output tensor.Examples:>>> MobileNetV2(num_classes=1000)"""def __init__(self, backbone, head):super(MobileNetV2Combine, self).__init__(auto_prefix=False)self.backbone = backboneself.head = headdef construct(self, x):x = self.backbone(x)x = self.head(x)return xdef mobilenet_v2(backbone, head):return MobileNetV2Combine(backbone, head)

加载ImageNet数据上预训练的MobileNetv2进行Fine-tuning，只训练最后修改的FC层，并在训练过程中保存Checkpoint。预训练模型资源下载。

def switch_precision(net, data_type):if ms.get_context('device_target') == "Ascend":net.to_float(data_type)for _, cell in net.cells_and_names():if isinstance(cell, nn.Dense):cell.to_float(ms.float32)

三、垃圾分类数据集

数据集下载：pip install download

from download import download# 下载data_en数据集
url = "https://ascend-professional-construction-dataset.obs.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com:443/MindStudio-pc/data_en.zip" 
path = download(url, "./", kind="zip", replace=True)

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数据集标签：

# 垃圾分类数据集标签，以及用于标签映射的字典。
garbage_classes = {'干垃圾': ['贝壳', '打火机', '旧镜子', '扫把', '陶瓷碗', '牙刷', '一次性筷子', '脏污衣服'],'可回收物': ['报纸', '玻璃制品', '篮球', '塑料瓶', '硬纸板', '玻璃瓶', '金属制品', '帽子', '易拉罐', '纸张'],'湿垃圾': ['菜叶', '橙皮', '蛋壳', '香蕉皮'],'有害垃圾': ['电池', '药片胶囊', '荧光灯', '油漆桶']
}class_cn = ['贝壳', '打火机', '旧镜子', '扫把', '陶瓷碗', '牙刷', '一次性筷子', '脏污衣服','报纸', '玻璃制品', '篮球', '塑料瓶', '硬纸板', '玻璃瓶', '金属制品', '帽子', '易拉罐', '纸张','菜叶', '橙皮', '蛋壳', '香蕉皮','电池', '药片胶囊', '荧光灯', '油漆桶']
class_en = ['Seashell', 'Lighter','Old Mirror', 'Broom','Ceramic Bowl', 'Toothbrush','Disposable Chopsticks','Dirty Cloth','Newspaper', 'Glassware', 'Basketball', 'Plastic Bottle', 'Cardboard','Glass Bottle', 'Metalware', 'Hats', 'Cans', 'Paper','Vegetable Leaf','Orange Peel', 'Eggshell','Banana Peel','Battery', 'Tablet capsules','Fluorescent lamp', 'Paint bucket']index_en = {'Seashell': 0, 'Lighter': 1, 'Old Mirror': 2, 'Broom': 3, 'Ceramic Bowl': 4, 'Toothbrush': 5, 'Disposable Chopsticks': 6, 'Dirty Cloth': 7,'Newspaper': 8, 'Glassware': 9, 'Basketball': 10, 'Plastic Bottle': 11, 'Cardboard': 12, 'Glass Bottle': 13, 'Metalware': 14, 'Hats': 15, 'Cans': 16, 'Paper': 17,'Vegetable Leaf': 18, 'Orange Peel': 19, 'Eggshell': 20, 'Banana Peel': 21,'Battery': 22, 'Tablet capsules': 23, 'Fluorescent lamp': 24, 'Paint bucket': 25}

数据集：

def create_dataset(dataset_path, config, training=True, buffer_size=1000):"""create a train or eval datasetArgs:dataset_path(string): the path of dataset.config(struct): the config of train and eval in diffirent platform.Returns:train_dataset, val_dataset"""data_path = os.path.join(dataset_path, 'train' if training else 'test')ds = de.ImageFolderDataset(data_path, num_parallel_workers=4, class_indexing=config.class_index)resize_height = config.image_heightresize_width = config.image_widthnormalize_op = C.Normalize(mean=[0.485*255, 0.456*255, 0.406*255], std=[0.229*255, 0.224*255, 0.225*255])change_swap_op = C.HWC2CHW()type_cast_op = C2.TypeCast(mstype.int32)if training:crop_decode_resize = C.RandomCropDecodeResize(resize_height, scale=(0.08, 1.0), ratio=(0.75, 1.333))horizontal_flip_op = C.RandomHorizontalFlip(prob=0.5)color_adjust = C.RandomColorAdjust(brightness=0.4, contrast=0.4, saturation=0.4)train_trans = [crop_decode_resize, horizontal_flip_op, color_adjust, normalize_op, change_swap_op]train_ds = ds.map(input_columns="image", operations=train_trans, num_parallel_workers=4)train_ds = train_ds.map(input_columns="label", operations=type_cast_op, num_parallel_workers=4)train_ds = train_ds.shuffle(buffer_size=buffer_size)ds = train_ds.batch(config.batch_size, drop_remainder=True)else:decode_op = C.Decode()resize_op = C.Resize((int(resize_width/0.875), int(resize_width/0.875)))center_crop = C.CenterCrop(resize_width)eval_trans = [decode_op, resize_op, center_crop, normalize_op, change_swap_op]eval_ds = ds.map(input_columns="image", operations=eval_trans, num_parallel_workers=4)eval_ds = eval_ds.map(input_columns="label", operations=type_cast_op, num_parallel_workers=4)ds = eval_ds.batch(config.eval_batch_size, drop_remainder=True)return ds

其中config参数：

# 训练超参
config = EasyDict({"num_classes": 26,"image_height": 224,"image_width": 224,#"data_split": [0.9, 0.1],"backbone_out_channels":1280,"batch_size": 32,"eval_batch_size": 32,"epochs": 100,"lr_max": 0.05,"momentum": 0.9,"weight_decay": 1e-4,"save_ckpt_epochs": 1,"dataset_path": "./data_en","class_index": index_en,"pretrained_ckpt": "./mobilenetV2-200_1067.ckpt" # mobilenetV2-200_1067.ckpt 
})

四、模型推理

下载训练好的MobileNetv2-垃圾分类模型。然后，预测你的图片。

CKPT="save_mobilenetV2_model.ckpt"

def image_process(image):"""Precess one image per time.Args:image: shape (H, W, C)"""mean=[0.485*255, 0.456*255, 0.406*255]std=[0.229*255, 0.224*255, 0.225*255]image = (np.array(image) - mean) / stdimage = image.transpose((2,0,1))img_tensor = Tensor(np.array([image], np.float32))return img_tensordef infer_one(network, image_path):image = Image.open(image_path).resize((config.image_height, config.image_width))logits = network(image_process(image))pred = np.argmax(logits.asnumpy(), axis=1)[0]print(image_path, class_en[pred])def infer():backbone = MobileNetV2Backbone(last_channel=config.backbone_out_channels)head = MobileNetV2Head(input_channel=backbone.out_channels, num_classes=config.num_classes)network = mobilenet_v2(backbone, head)load_checkpoint(CKPT, network)for i in range(91, 100):infer_one(network, f'data_en/test/Cardboard/000{i}.jpg')
infer()

五、导出AIR/GEIR/ONNX模型文件

backbone = MobileNetV2Backbone(last_channel=config.backbone_out_channels)
head = MobileNetV2Head(input_channel=backbone.out_channels, num_classes=config.num_classes)
network = mobilenet_v2(backbone, head)
load_checkpoint(CKPT, network)input = np.random.uniform(0.0, 1.0, size=[1, 3, 224, 224]).astype(np.float32)
# export(network, Tensor(input), file_name='mobilenetv2.air', file_format='AIR')
# export(network, Tensor(input), file_name='mobilenetv2.pb', file_format='GEIR')
export(network, Tensor(input), file_name='mobilenetv2.onnx', file_format='ONNX')