线性表的链式存储
解决顺序存储的缺点,插入和删除,动态存储问题。
特点:
,线性表链式存储结构的特点是一组任意的存储单位存储线性表的数据元素,存储单元可以是连续的,也可以不连续。可以被存储在任意内存未被占用的位置上。
所以前面的顺序表只需要存储数据元素信息就可以了。在链式结构中还需要一个元素存储下一个元素的地址。
为了表示每个数据元素,ai与其直接后继数据元素ai+1之间的逻辑关系,对ai来说,除了存储其本身的信息外,还需要存一个指示器直接后续的信息。把存储元素信息的域叫数据域,把存储直接后继位置的域叫指针域。这两部分信息组成数据元素ai的存储映像,叫结点(Node);
单链表中,c语言的描述
typedef struct person {
char name[32];
char sex;
int age;
int score;
}DATATYPE;
typedef struct node {
DATATYPE data;
struct node *next,*prev;
}LinkNode;
typedef struct list {
LinkNode *head;
int tlen;
int clen;
}LinkList;
LinkList *CreateLinkList(int len);
int InsertHeadLinkList(LinkList *list, DATATYPE data);
int ShowLinkList(LinkList *list);
LinkNode *FindLinkList(LinkList *list, char *name);
int DeleteLinkList(LinkList *list, char *name);
int ReviseLinkList(LinkList *list, char *name, DATATYPE data);
int DestroyLinkList(LinkList *list);
int InsertTailLinkList(LinkList *list, DATATYPE data);
顺序表和链表 优缺点
存储方式:
顺序表是一段连续的存储单元
链表是逻辑结构连续物理结构(在内存中的表现形式)不连续
时间性能,
查找 顺序表O(1)
链表 O(n)
插入和删除
顺序表 O(n)
链表 O(1)
空间性能
顺序表 需要预先分配空间,大小固定
链表, 不需要预先分配,大小可变,动态分配
循环链表
简单的来说,就是将原来单链表中最有一个元素的next指针指向第一个元素或头结点,链表就成了一个环,头尾相连,就成了循环链表。circultlar linker list.
注意非空表,和空表。多数会加入头结点。
原来结束的条件是
p->next != NULL ------->>>>> p-next != Head
linklist.h
#ifndef __LINK_LIST_H__
#define __LINK_LIST_H__
typedef struct person {char name[32];char sex;int age;int score;
}DATATYPE;typedef struct node {DATATYPE data;struct node *next;
}LinkNode;typedef struct list {LinkNode *head;int clen;
}LinkList;LinkList*CreateLinkList();
int InsertHeadLinkList(LinkList*ll,DATATYPE*data);
int ShowLinkList(LinkList*ll);
int IsEmptyLinkList(LinkList*ll);
int GetSizeLinkList(LinkList*ll);
int InserTailLinkList(LinkList*ll,DATATYPE*data);
LinkNode* FindLinkList(LinkList*ll,char* name);
int InsertLinkListPos(LinkList*ll,DATATYPE*data,int pos);
int DelLinkList(LinkList*ll,char * name);
int ModifyLinkList(LinkList*ll,char* name,DATATYPE*newdata);
int DestroyLinkList(LinkList*ll);
int ReversLinkList (LinkList *ll);
DATATYPE* FindMidLinkList(LinkList *ll);
DATATYPE* FindLastKLinkList(LinkList *ll,int k);
int InsertSortLinkList(LinkList *ll);
#endif
linklist.c
#include "./linklist.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>LinkList *CreateLinkList ()
{LinkList *ll = malloc (sizeof (LinkList));if (NULL == ll) {perror ("CreateLinkList malloc error\n");return NULL;}ll->head = NULL;ll->clen = 0;return ll;
}
/*** @brief** @param ll* @param data* @return int*/
int InsertHeadLinkList (LinkList *ll, DATATYPE *data)
{if (NULL == ll || NULL == data) {fprintf (stderr, "InsertHeadLinkList parmter error\n");return 1;}LinkNode *newnode = malloc (sizeof (LinkNode));if (NULL == newnode) {perror ("InsertHeadLinkList malloc error\n");return 1;}memcpy (&newnode->data, data, sizeof (DATATYPE));newnode->next = NULL;if (IsEmptyLinkList (ll)) {ll->head = newnode;} else {newnode->next = ll->head;ll->head = newnode;}ll->clen++;return 0;
}int IsEmptyLinkList (LinkList *ll)
{if (NULL == ll) {fprintf (stderr, "IsEmptyLinkList parmter error\n");return 1;}return 0 == ll->clen;
}
int ShowLinkList (LinkList *ll)
{if (NULL == ll) {fprintf (stderr, "ShowLinkList parmter error\n");return 1;}LinkNode *tmp = ll->head;while (tmp) {printf ("name:%s age:%d\n", tmp->data.name, tmp->data.age);tmp = tmp->next; // i++}return 0;
}
/*** @brief 获得单向链表的节点个数** @param ll 链表的头信息指针* @return int 0表示成功 1表示失败 1*/
int GetSizeLinkList (LinkList *ll)
{if (NULL == ll) {fprintf (stderr, "GetSizeLinkList parmter error\n");return 1;}return ll->clen;
}int InserTailLinkList (LinkList *ll, DATATYPE *data)
{LinkNode *newnode = malloc (sizeof (LinkNode));if (NULL == newnode) {perror ("InserTailLinkList malloc error\n");return 1;}// newnode initmemcpy (&newnode->data, data, sizeof (DATATYPE));newnode->next = NULL;if (IsEmptyLinkList (ll)) {ll->head = newnode;} else // not empty{LinkNode *tmp = ll->head;while (tmp->next) {tmp = tmp->next; // i++}tmp->next = newnode;}ll->clen++;return 0;
}LinkNode *FindLinkList (LinkList *ll, char *name)
{if (NULL == ll || NULL == name || IsEmptyLinkList (ll)) {return NULL;}LinkNode *tmp = ll->head;int len = GetSizeLinkList (ll);for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {if (0 == strcmp (tmp->data.name, name)) {return tmp;}tmp = tmp->next;}return NULL;
}int InsertLinkListPos (LinkList *ll, DATATYPE *data, int pos)
{if (NULL == ll || NULL == data) {return 1;}int len = GetSizeLinkList (ll);if (pos < 0 || pos > len) {fprintf (stderr, " InsertLinkListPos paramter error\n");return 1;}if (0 == pos) {return InsertHeadLinkList (ll, data);} else //中间插入或尾插{LinkNode *newnode = malloc (sizeof (LinkNode));if (NULL == newnode) {perror ("InsertLinkListPos malloc error\n");return 1;}memcpy (&newnode->data, data, sizeof (DATATYPE));newnode->next = NULL;LinkNode *tmp = ll->head;for (int i = 0; i < pos - 1; i++) {tmp = tmp->next;}newnode->next = tmp->next;tmp->next = newnode;}ll->clen++;return 0;
}int DelLinkList (LinkList *ll, char *name)
{LinkNode *tmp = ll->head;if (0 == strcmp (tmp->data.name, name)) // head del{ll->head = ll->head->next;free (tmp);} else {while (strcmp (tmp->next->data.name, name)) {tmp = tmp->next;if (NULL == tmp->next) {return 1;}}LinkNode *free_node = tmp->next;tmp->next = tmp->next->next;free (free_node);}ll->clen--;return 0;
}int ModifyLinkList (LinkList *ll, char *name, DATATYPE *newdata)
{LinkNode *ret = FindLinkList (ll, name);if (NULL == ret) {fprintf (stderr, "ModifyLinkList error\n");return 1;}memcpy (&ret->data, newdata, sizeof (DATATYPE));return 0;
}int DestroyLinkList (LinkList *ll)
{LinkNode *tmp = ll->head;while (1) {ll->head = ll->head->next;free (tmp);tmp = ll->head;if (NULL == tmp) {break;}}free (ll);return 0;
}int ReversLinkList (LinkList *ll)
{if (NULL == ll) {return 1;}int len = GetSizeLinkList (ll);if (len < 2) {return 1;}LinkNode *prev = NULL;LinkNode *tmp = ll->head;LinkNode *next = tmp->next;while (1) {tmp->next = prev; //逆序prev = tmp;tmp = next;if (NULL == tmp) {break;}next = next->next;}ll->head = prev;return 0;
}DATATYPE *FindMidLinkList (LinkList *ll)
{LinkNode *fast = ll->head;LinkNode *slow = ll->head;while (fast) {fast = fast->next;if (NULL == fast) {break;}slow = slow->next;fast = fast->next;}return &slow->data;
}DATATYPE *FindLastKLinkList (LinkList *ll, int k)
{if (NULL == ll) {return NULL;}int len = GetSizeLinkList (ll);if (k < 1 || k > len) {return NULL;}LinkNode *slow = ll->head;LinkNode *fast = ll->head;for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {fast = fast->next;}while (fast) {fast = fast->next;slow = slow->next;}return &slow->data;
}int InsertSortLinkList (LinkList *ll)
{LinkNode *phead = ll->head;LinkNode *pinsert = phead->next;LinkNode *pnext = pinsert->next;phead->next = NULL;while (1){phead = ll->head;while (phead->next != NULL && pinsert->data.age > phead->data.age&& pinsert->data.age > phead->next->data.age) {phead = phead->next;}if (pinsert->data.age < phead->data.age){pinsert->next = phead;ll->head = pinsert;}else{pinsert->next = phead->next;phead->next = pinsert;}pinsert = pnext;if (NULL == pinsert) { break; }pnext = pnext->next;}return 0;
}
main.c
#include "./linklist.h"
#include <stdio.h>int main (int argc, char **argv)
{LinkList *ll = CreateLinkList ();DATATYPE data[] = {{ "zhangsan", 'm', 20, 80 }, { "lisi", 'f', 22, 86 },{ "wangmazi", 'f', 22, 67 }, { "guanerge", 'm', 40, 88 },{ "liubei", 'm', 42, 90 },};InsertHeadLinkList(ll, &data[3]);InsertHeadLinkList(ll, &data[1]);InsertHeadLinkList(ll, &data[0]);InserTailLinkList(ll,&data[4]);InserTailLinkList(ll,&data[2]);// InserTailLinkList (ll, &data[0]);// InserTailLinkList (ll, &data[1]);// InserTailLinkList (ll, &data[2]);// ShowLinkList (ll);// char want_name[50] = "li1si";// LinkNode *ret = FindLinkList (ll, want_name);// if (NULL == ret) {// printf ("can't find per %s\n", want_name);// } else {// printf ("find per,name:%s score:%d\n", ret->data.name, ret->data.score);// }// printf ("---------pos---------\n");// InsertLinkListPos (ll, &data[3], 2);// ShowLinkList (ll);// printf ("---------del---------\n");// DelLinkList (ll, "guanerge");// ShowLinkList (ll);// printf ("---------modify---------\n");// ModifyLinkList (ll, "lis1i", &data[4]);// ShowLinkList (ll);// printf ("---------rev---------\n");// ReversLinkList(ll);// ShowLinkList (ll);// printf ("---------last 1---------\n");// DATATYPE* tmp = FindLastKLinkList(ll,3);// if(NULL == tmp)// {// fprintf(stderr,"can't find\n");// }// printf("name:%s\n",tmp->name);printf ("---------sort---------\n");InsertSortLinkList(ll);ShowLinkList (ll);DestroyLinkList(ll);// system("pause");return 0;
}
双向链表
double link list。
typedef struct DulNode
{
ElemType date;
struct DulNode *pri;
sturct DulNode *next;
}DulNode,*DuLinkList;