1、环境准备
- master01: 192.168.10.25
- master02: 192.168.10.26
- master03: 192.168.10.27
- node01: 192.168.10.28
- node02: 192.168.10.29
- 负载均衡器1：192.168.10.30
- 负载均衡器2：192.168.10.31
//所有节点，关闭防火墙规则，关闭selinux，关闭swap交换
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
iptables -F && iptables -t nat -F && iptables -t mangle -F && iptables -X
swapoff -a #交换分区必须要关闭
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab #永久关闭swap分区，&符号在sed命令中代表上次匹配的结果
#加载 ip_vs 模块
for i in $(ls /usr/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs|grep -o "^[^.]*");do echo $i; /sbin/modinfo -F filename $i >/dev/null 2>&1 && /sbin/modprobe $i;done//修改主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname master01
hostnamectl set-hostname master02
hostnamectl set-hostname master03
hostnamectl set-hostname node01
hostnamectl set-hostname node02vim /etc/hosts #所有主机操作 除了两个负载均衡器
192.168.10.25 master01
192.168.10.26 master02
192.168.10.27 master03
192.168.10.28 node01
192.168.10.29 node02//调整内核参数
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf << EOF
#开启网桥模式，可将网桥的流量传递给iptables链
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
#关闭ipv6协议
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
EOF//生效参数
sysctl --system vim /etc/security/limits.conf 内核限制配置
尾部添加
* soft nofile 65536
* hard nofile 65536
* soft nproc 65536
* hard nproc 65536
* soft memlock unlimited
* hard memlock unlimited
2、升级内核
#配置elrepo镜像源 所有服务器操作 除了两个负载均衡器
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/elrepo.repo
[elrepo]
name=elrepo
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/elrepo/archive/kernel/el7/x86_64
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
mv local.repo repo.bak/
上传阿里云在线云yum clean all#集群升级内核
yum install -y kernel-lt kernel-lt-devel#设置默认启动内核
grub2-set-default 0#重启操作系统
reboot#查看生效版本
hostnamectl 
3、所有节点安装docker
//所有 node 节点部署docker引擎
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.iomkdir /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{"registry-mirrors": ["https://6ijb8ubo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],"log-driver": "json-file","log-opts": {"max-size": "500m", "max-file": "3"}
}
EOFsystemctl start docker.service
systemctl enable docker.service docker info | grep "Cgroup Driver"
Cgroup Driver: systemd
4、安装kubeadm，kubelet和kubectl
所有服务器操作 除了两个负载均衡器
//定义kubernetes源
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOFyum install -y kubelet-1.20.15 kubeadm-1.20.15 kubectl-1.20.15//开机自启kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet.service
#K8S通过kubeadm安装出来以后都是以Pod方式存在，即底层是以容器方式运行，所以kubelet必须设置开机自启
5、高可用配置
部署nginx做负载均衡器
192.168.10.30、192.168.10.31两台服务器做负载均衡
初始化操作
systemctl disable --now firewalld
setenforce 0两台服务器安装nginx
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
上传nginx.repo包
yum install -y nginx
192.168.10.30服务器
cd /etc/nginx/
vim nginx.conf
#10行添加 use epoll;
#14行开始添加
stream {upstream k8s-apiservers {server 192.168.10.25:6443;server 192.168.10.26:6443;server 192.168.10.27:6443;}server {listen 6443;proxy_pass k8s-apiservers;}}nginx -t
systemctl enable --now nginx
netstat -lntp | grep nginxscp nginx.conf 192.168.10.15:`pwd`
部署keepalived做高可用
192.168.10.30、192.168.10.31两台服务器做高可用
yum install -y keepalived192.168.10.14服务器
cd /etc/keepalived/
cp keepalived.conf keepalived.conf.bak
touch nginx_check.sh
vim nginx_check.sh
#!/bin/bashif ! killall -0 nginx &> /dev/nullthensystemctl stop keepalived
fichmod +x nginx_check.sh
vim keepalived.conf
#10行修改
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
#12行修改
router_id NGINX_01
删除原本13-16行#15行添加
vrrp_script nginx_check {script "/etc/keepalived/nginx_check.sh"weight 2interval 2
}#23行修改为本机网卡
interface ens33
#32行修改为指定vip
192.168.9.100
#34行添加
track_script {nginx_check
}scp keepalived.conf nginx_check.sh 192.168.10.31:`pwd`
192.168.10.31服务器
cd /etc/keepalived/
vim keepalived.conf
#12行修改
router_id NGINX_02
#22行修改
state BACKUP
#25行修改
priority 90两台keepalived服务器开启服务
systemctl enable --now keepalived.service
6、部署K8S集群
master01节点操作cd /opt
mkdir k8s/
kubeadm config print init-defaults > /opt/kubeadm-config.yamlvim kubeadm-config.yaml
#12行修改为本机地址
advertiseAddress: 192.168.9.210
#22行添加
certSANS:- 192.168.9.210- 192.168.9.120- 192.168.9.140- 192.168.9.100#31行添加
controlPlaneEndpoint: "192.168.10.100:6443"#38行
imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers#40行
kubernetesVersion: v1.20.15#43行修改
serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/16#44行添加
podSubnet: "10.244.0.0/16"#46行添加---apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1kind: KubeProxyConfigurationmode: ipvs
在线拉取镜像
kubeadm config images pull --config kubeadm-config.yaml
master02、master03节点
cd /opt
mkdir k8s#将master01节点文件进行远程复制
scp kubeadm-config.yaml master02:/opt/k8s/
scp kubeadm-config.yaml master03:/opt/k8s/master02、master03节点
cd k8s
kubeadm config images pull --config kubeadm-config.yaml
master01节点//初始化 master
kubeadm init --config=/opt/kubeadm-config.yaml --upload-certs | tee kubeadm-init.log
#--upload-certs 参数可以在后续执行加入节点时自动分发证书文件
#tee kubeadm-init.log 用以输出日志mkdir -p $HOME/.kubesudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/configsudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/configkubectl get nodes
将其他master加入集群
kubeadm join 192.168.10.100:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:7ec5e3df3ac1d983d9c33ce65c6d08507062b79cf9fde66be32d17f494e3ad7e \--control-plane --certificate-key 2b288421f07de419098e2b23325b8d8c40c0ded7029cf49d32cc2943b6df3e97
#将node节点加入集群
kubeadm join 192.168.10.100:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:7ec5e3df3ac1d983d9c33ce65c6d08507062b79cf9fde66be32d17f494e3ad7e 
7、所有节点部署网络插件flannel
master01节点
cd /opt/k8s/
上传flannel-v0.21.5.zip压缩包
unzip flannel-v0.21.5.zip
docker load -i flannel.tar
docker load -i flannel-cni-plugin.tar 两个node节点
cd /opt
mkdir k8smaster01节点
scp cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.3.0.tgz flannel-cni-plugin.tar flannel.tar master02:/opt/k8s/
scp cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.3.0.tgz flannel-cni-plugin.tar flannel.tar master03:/opt/k8s/
scp cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.3.0.tgz flannel-cni-plugin.tar flannel.tar node01:/opt/k8s/
scp cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.3.0.tgz flannel-cni-plugin.tar flannel.tar node02:/opt/k8s/
在其余所有节点进入/opt/k8s目录执行
docker load -i flannel.tar
docker load -i flannel-cni-plugin.tar 所有服务器操作
cd /opt
mv cni/ cni_bak
mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin
cd /opt/k8s/
tar xf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.3.0.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin/
ls !$master01节点操作
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml #创建资源
kubectl get nodes
8、部署 Dashboard可视化面板
//在 master01 节点上操作
#上传 recommended.yaml 文件到 /opt/k8s 目录中
cd /opt/k8s
kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml#创建service account并绑定默认cluster-admin管理员集群角色
kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system
kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}') #查看用户使用的令牌，需复制，后面要用
kubectl get pods -A -o wide #master01节点上使用，即可查看到dashboard运行在那个节点上进而获取ip
#使用输出的token登录Dashboard
https://192.168.10.28：30001
如何解决kubeadm部署k8s集群中状态显示Unhealthy？
cd /etc/kubernetes/manifests
vim kube-controller-manager.yaml
vim kube-scheduler.yaml
将三个master节点中两个文件中的 #- --port=0注释重启即可systemctl restart kubelet.service
kubectl get cs9、更新k8s证书有效期
#查看证书有效期
kubeadm alpha certs check-expiration
openssl x509 -noout -dates -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.crt
方法一：通过脚本升级证书有效期
master01节点
cd /opt/k8s/
上传脚本update-kubeadm-cert.sh
chmod +x update-kubeadm-cert.sh
./update-kubeadm-cert.sh all
方法二：刷新并重启证书
kubeadm alpha certs renew all --config kubeadm.yaml #重新刷新证书一年有效期
kubeadm init phase kubeconfig all --config kubeadm.yaml #更新kubeconfig配置文件随后重启证书
systemctl restart kubelet 二进制安装k8s重启方法kubeadm安装k8s的重启方法
mv /etc/kubernetes/manifests/*.yaml /tmp/
mv /tmp/*.yaml /etc/kubernetes/manifests/
