VMWare虚拟机磁盘扩容

文章目录

环境
背景
虚拟机磁盘扩容
配置
参考

环境

VMWare Workstation 17 Pro
RHEL 9.4

背景

一个RHEL虚拟机，其 /home 目录大小为30GB。

[ding@192 ~]$ df -h
Filesystem                 Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                   4.0M     0  4.0M   0% /dev
tmpfs                      3.8G     0  3.8G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                      1.5G   12M  1.5G   1% /run
/dev/mapper/rhel_192-root   61G  5.0G   56G   9% /
/dev/nvme0n1p2             960M  404M  557M  43% /boot
/dev/nvme0n1p1             599M  7.1M  592M   2% /boot/efi
/dev/mapper/rhel_192-home   30G  284M   30G   1% /home
tmpfs                      766M   96K  766M   1% /run/user/1000
/dev/sr0                   117M  117M     0 100% /run/media/ding/CDROM
/dev/sr1                    11G   11G     0 100% /run/media/ding/RHEL-9-4-0-BaseOS-x86_64

现在发现磁盘空间不够用，需要扩展。

虚拟机磁盘扩容

把虚拟机关机，然后打开虚拟机设置：

在这里插入图片描述
选择“磁盘”，然后点击“扩展”按钮。

注：上图是开机状态，只有在关机状态，“扩展”按钮才能点击。另外，如果有虚拟机快照，也无法点击“扩展”按钮（会有提示）。

注：磁盘空间是100GB。上图显示磁盘空间为150GB，是扩容操作之后的容量。

在这里插入图片描述

在弹出的对话框中，输入150，并点击“扩展”按钮，完成扩展。

但是，在这里给虚拟机扩展了磁盘空间后，在虚拟机里并不会立刻生效，还需要配置一下才行。

配置

打开虚拟机并登录。

下面的操作都使用root账号，为了方便，直接切换到root账号。

sudo su -

使用 df -h 命令，可见磁盘并没有增大（输出结果略）。

使用 fdisk -l 命令查看磁盘状况：

[root@192 ~]# fdisk -l
GPT PMBR size mismatch (209715199 != 314572799) will be corrected by write.
Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 150 GiB, 161061273600 bytes, 314572800 sectors
Disk model: VMware Virtual NVMe Disk
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: FAC28C81-C6F0-477D-AC9F-00905AD8BA34Device           Start       End   Sectors  Size Type
/dev/nvme0n1p1    2048   1230847   1228800  600M EFI System
/dev/nvme0n1p2 1230848   3327999   2097152    1G Linux filesystem
/dev/nvme0n1p3 3328000 209713151 206385152 98.4G Linux LVMDisk /dev/mapper/rhel_192-root: 60.85 GiB, 65338867712 bytes, 127614976 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk /dev/mapper/rhel_192-swap: 7.85 GiB, 8430551040 bytes, 16465920 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk /dev/mapper/rhel_192-home: 29.71 GiB, 31897681920 bytes, 62300160 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

可见 /dev/nvme0n1 已经变成150GB了。

注意最上面的提示：

GPT PMBR size mismatch (209715199 != 314572799) will be corrected by write.

使用 fdisk 命令对其进行配置：

[root@192 ~]# fdisk /dev/nvme0n1Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.37.4).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.GPT PMBR size mismatch (209715199 != 314572799) will be corrected by write.
This disk is currently in use - repartitioning is probably a bad idea.
It's recommended to umount all file systems, and swapoff all swap
partitions on this disk.Command (m for help):

先输入 m 看看帮助：

Command (m for help): mHelp:GPTM   enter protective/hybrid MBRGenericd   delete a partitionF   list free unpartitioned spacel   list known partition typesn   add a new partitionp   print the partition tablet   change a partition typev   verify the partition tablei   print information about a partitionMiscm   print this menux   extra functionality (experts only)ScriptI   load disk layout from sfdisk script fileO   dump disk layout to sfdisk script fileSave & Exitw   write table to disk and exitq   quit without saving changesCreate a new labelg   create a new empty GPT partition tableG   create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition tableo   create a new empty DOS partition tables   create a new empty Sun partition tableCommand (m for help):

可见， n 命令是添加一个新分区。输入 n ：

Command (m for help): n
Partition number (4-128, default 4):  <---- 这里直接回车
First sector (209713152-314572766, default 209713152):  <---- 这里直接回车
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (209713152-314572766, default 314572766):  <---- 这里直接回车Created a new partition 4 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 50 GiB.Command (m for help):

可见，自动识别了50GB的磁盘空间，分区号是 4 ，类型是 Linux filesystem 。

接下来用 t 命令来改变分区类型：

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4, default 4):  <---- 这里直接回车
Partition type or alias (type L to list all):

输入 L ，列出所有类型：

Partition type or alias (type L to list all): L1 EFI System                     C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B2 MBR partition scheme           024DEE41-33E7-11D3-9D69-0008C781F39F3 Intel Fast Flash               D3BFE2DE-3DAF-11DF-BA40-E3A556D89593
......30 Linux LVM                      E6D6D379-F507-44C2-A23C-238F2A3DF928
......
106 Plan 9 partition               C91818F9-8025-47AF-89D2-F030D7000C2C
107 HiFive Unleashed FSBL          5B193300-FC78-40CD-8002-E86C45580B47
108 HiFive Unleashed BBL           2E54B353-1271-4842-806F-E436D6AF6985Aliases:linux          - 0FC63DAF-8483-4772-8E79-3D69D8477DE4swap           - 0657FD6D-A4AB-43C4-84E5-0933C84B4F4Fhome           - 933AC7E1-2EB4-4F13-B844-0E14E2AEF915uefi           - C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93Braid           - A19D880F-05FC-4D3B-A006-743F0F84911Elvm            - E6D6D379-F507-44C2-A23C-238F2A3DF928
Partition type or alias (type L to list all):

可见，一共有100多种类型，其中我们所需要的类型是30号 Linux LVM 。该工具很贴心的把常用类型做成了alias，其中30号对应的alias是 lvm 。

输入 lvm ，改变分区类型：

Partition type or alias (type L to list all): lvmChanged type of partition 'Linux filesystem' to 'Linux LVM'.Command (m for help):

最后，输入 w 保存设置：

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Syncing disks.

再次查看磁盘状况：

[root@192 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 150 GiB, 161061273600 bytes, 314572800 sectors
Disk model: VMware Virtual NVMe Disk
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: FAC28C81-C6F0-477D-AC9F-00905AD8BA34Device             Start       End   Sectors  Size Type
/dev/nvme0n1p1      2048   1230847   1228800  600M EFI System
/dev/nvme0n1p2   1230848   3327999   2097152    1G Linux filesystem
/dev/nvme0n1p3   3328000 209713151 206385152 98.4G Linux LVM
/dev/nvme0n1p4 209713152 314572766 104859615   50G Linux LVMDisk /dev/mapper/rhel_192-root: 60.85 GiB, 65338867712 bytes, 127614976 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk /dev/mapper/rhel_192-swap: 7.85 GiB, 8430551040 bytes, 16465920 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk /dev/mapper/rhel_192-home: 29.71 GiB, 31897681920 bytes, 62300160 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

可见，多了下面这行：

/dev/nvme0n1p4 209713152 314572766 104859615   50G Linux LVM

同时，提示不匹配的信息也没了。

接下来，使用 mkfs 命令来创建文件系统：

[root@192 ~]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/nvme0n1p4
mke2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021)
Creating filesystem with 13107200 4k blocks and 3283200 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 11b9ebbf-2058-4b1f-8dc6-9f61167fed09
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (65536 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

查看physical volume：

[root@192 ~]# pvdisplay--- Physical volume ---PV Name               /dev/nvme0n1p3VG Name               rhel_192PV Size               98.41 GiB / not usable 2.00 MiBAllocatable           yes (but full)PE Size               4.00 MiBTotal PE              25193Free PE               0Allocated PE          25193PV UUID               vj5hJb-TT31-2H8v-YqPl-sxre-i3CM-iAsaEa

可见，并没有 /dev/nvme0n1p4 。

创建physical volume：

[root@192 ~]# pvcreate /dev/nvme0n1p4
WARNING: ext3 signature detected on /dev/nvme0n1p4 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]: yWiping ext3 signature on /dev/nvme0n1p4.Physical volume "/dev/nvme0n1p4" successfully created.

再次查看：

[root@192 ~]# pvdisplay--- Physical volume ---PV Name               /dev/nvme0n1p3VG Name               rhel_192PV Size               98.41 GiB / not usable 2.00 MiBAllocatable           yes (but full)PE Size               4.00 MiBTotal PE              25193Free PE               0Allocated PE          25193PV UUID               vj5hJb-TT31-2H8v-YqPl-sxre-i3CM-iAsaEa"/dev/nvme0n1p4" is a new physical volume of "50.00 GiB"--- NEW Physical volume ---PV Name               /dev/nvme0n1p4VG Name               PV Size               50.00 GiBAllocatable           NOPE Size               0   Total PE              0Free PE               0Allocated PE          0PV UUID               ldt1oe-P2AT-mein-bIVo-hPN7-M25c-InV2No

这次有了。但是 VG Name 为空。

接下来使用 vgextend 命令来扩展该volume group：

[root@192 ~]# vgextend rhel_192 /dev/nvme0n1p4Volume group "rhel_192" successfully extended

注：volume group rhel_192 是怎么来的呢？从前面 pvdisplay 输出结果可见， /dev/nvme0n1p3 的volume group是 rhel_192 。另外，从 /dev/mapper/rhel_192-home 可见，其命名规则为 /dev/mapper/<volume group>-xxx 。

前面提到， /home 目录只有30GB，需要扩容：

[root@192 ~]# df -h
Filesystem                 Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                   4.0M     0  4.0M   0% /dev
tmpfs                      3.8G     0  3.8G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                      1.5G   12M  1.5G   1% /run
/dev/mapper/rhel_192-root   61G  5.1G   56G   9% /
/dev/nvme0n1p2             960M  404M  557M  43% /boot
/dev/nvme0n1p1             599M  7.1M  592M   2% /boot/efi
/dev/mapper/rhel_192-home   30G  284M   30G   1% /home
tmpfs                      766M  108K  766M   1% /run/user/1000
/dev/sr0                   117M  117M     0 100% /run/media/ding/CDROM
/dev/sr1                    11G   11G     0 100% /run/media/ding/RHEL-9-4-0-BaseOS-x86_64

其文件系统为 /dev/mapper/rhel_192-home 。

然后使用 lvextend 命令来扩展其logical volume：

[root@192 ~]# lvextend -L +50G /dev/mapper/rhel_192-homeInsufficient free space: 12800 extents needed, but only 12799 available

可见，虽说是50GB，但是貌似实际要差一点点。换成49.9试试看：

[root@192 ~]# lvextend -L +49.9G /dev/mapper/rhel_192-homeRounding size to boundary between physical extents: 49.90 GiB.Size of logical volume rhel_192/home changed from <29.71 GiB (7605 extents) to <79.61 GiB (20380 extents).Logical volume rhel_192/home successfully resized.

这次成功了。

最后，使用 xfs_growfs 命令：

[root@192 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/rhel_192-home
meta-data=/dev/mapper/rhel_192-home isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=1946880 blks=                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1=                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0=                       reflink=1    bigtime=1 inobtcount=1 nrext64=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=7787520, imaxpct=25=                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=16384, version=2=                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 7787520 to 20869120

大功告成：

[root@192 ~]# df -h
Filesystem                 Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                   4.0M     0  4.0M   0% /dev
tmpfs                      3.8G     0  3.8G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                      1.5G   12M  1.5G   1% /run
/dev/mapper/rhel_192-root   61G  5.1G   56G   9% /
/dev/nvme0n1p2             960M  404M  557M  43% /boot
/dev/nvme0n1p1             599M  7.1M  592M   2% /boot/efi
/dev/mapper/rhel_192-home   80G  641M   79G   1% /home
tmpfs                      766M  108K  766M   1% /run/user/1000
/dev/sr0                   117M  117M     0 100% /run/media/ding/CDROM
/dev/sr1                    11G   11G     0 100% /run/media/ding/RHEL-9-4-0-BaseOS-x86_64