基于飞桨paddle2.6.1+cuda11.7+paddleRS开发版的目标提取-道路数据集训练和预测代码
预测结果：

预测影像：

（一）准备道路数据集

下载数据集地址：

https://aistudio.baidu.com/datasetdetail/56961

mass_road.zip

—原始地址Url:
https://ai-studio-online.bj.bcebos.com/v1/41357ea3cf184439b91fa53f3f7043fbe4098d72a6af445ebeaafe312dde6753?responseContentDisposition=attachment%3Bfilename%3Dmass_road.zip&authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F5cfe9a5e1454405eb2a975c43eace6ec%2F2024-09-02T08%3A00%3A26Z%2F21600%2F%2Fb960ea800643817cef73410af3c78134882f697c4a16b7103ca1ec419d50c6b7

参考地址：https://aistudio.baidu.com/aistudio/projectdetail/3792610

(二) 数据预处理

import random
import os.path as osp
from os import listdirimport cv2
print(cv2.__version__)# 随机数生成器种子
RNG_SEED = 56961
# 调节此参数控制训练集数据的占比
TRAIN_RATIO = 0.9
# 数据集路径
DATA_DIR = 'i://cwgis_ai/cup/mass_road'# 分割类别
CLASSES = ('background','road',
)def write_rel_paths(phase, names, out_dir, prefix):"""将文件相对路径存储在txt格式文件中"""with open(osp.join(out_dir, phase+'.txt'), 'w') as f:for name in names:f.write(' '.join([osp.join(prefix, 'input', name),osp.join(prefix, 'output', name)]))f.write('\n')random.seed(RNG_SEED)train_prefix = osp.join('road_segmentation_ideal', 'training')
test_prefix = osp.join('road_segmentation_ideal', 'testing')
train_names = listdir(osp.join(DATA_DIR, train_prefix, 'output'))
train_names = list(filter(lambda n: n.endswith('.png'), train_names))
test_names = listdir(osp.join(DATA_DIR, test_prefix, 'output'))
test_names = list(filter(lambda n: n.endswith('.png'), test_names))
# 对文件名进行排序，以确保多次运行结果一致
train_names.sort()
test_names.sort()
random.shuffle(train_names)
len_train = int(len(train_names)*TRAIN_RATIO)
write_rel_paths('train', train_names[:len_train], DATA_DIR, train_prefix)
write_rel_paths('val', train_names[len_train:], DATA_DIR, train_prefix)
write_rel_paths('test', test_names, DATA_DIR, test_prefix)# 写入类别信息
with open(osp.join(DATA_DIR, 'labels.txt'), 'w') as f:for cls in CLASSES:f.write(cls+'\n')print("数据集划分已完成。")

(三)将GT中的255改写为1，便于训练

import os.path as osp
from glob import globimport cv2
from tqdm import tqdm# 数据集路径
DATA_DIR = 'i://cwgis_ai/cup/mass_road'train_prefix = osp.join('road_segmentation_ideal', 'training')
test_prefix = osp.join('road_segmentation_ideal', 'testing')train_paths = glob(osp.join(DATA_DIR, train_prefix, 'output', '*.png'))
test_paths = glob(osp.join(DATA_DIR, test_prefix, 'output', '*.png'))
for path in tqdm(train_paths+test_paths):im = cv2.imread(path, cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)im[im>0] = 1# 原地改写cv2.imwrite(path, im)

（四)查看图片尺寸大小python代码

import cv2
import osDATA_DIR = 'i:/cwgis_ai/cup/mass_road'
image_dir = "i:/cwgis_ai/cup/mass_road/road_segmentation_ideal/testing/input"for image_name in os.listdir(image_dir):image_path = os.path.join(image_dir,image_name)img = cv2.imread(image_path)height,width = img.shape[:2]if  width!=1500 or height!=1500:print(image_name,"----------尺寸：",width,"x",height)else:   print(image_name,"尺寸：",width,"x",height)# 修改图像尺寸  
# import cv2
#img = cv2.imread("data/INF_All_9.1/temp1/WIN_20230818_11_12_30_Pro_150.png")
#resize_img = cv2.resize(img,(640,512))    # 自定义为自己想要的图像尺寸
#cv2.imwrite("data/INF_All_9.1/temp/WIN_20230818_11_12_30_Pro_150.png",resize_img)  # 保存修改尺寸后的图像到指定路径
#height,width = resize_img.shape[:2]
#print(resize_img,"尺寸：",width,"x",height)# 更改img-14.png图片大小为1500 X 1500
img = cv2.imread("i:/cwgis_ai/cup/mass_road/road_segmentation_ideal/testing/input/img-14-old.png")
resize_img = cv2.resize(img,(1500,1500))    # 自定义为自己想要的图像尺寸
print(resize_img.shape)   # (1500, 1500, 3)
cv2.imwrite("i:/cwgis_ai/cup/mass_road/road_segmentation_ideal/testing/input/img-14.png",resize_img)  # 保存修改尺寸后的图像到指定路径

（五)训练代码

# 导入需要用到的库import random
import os.path as ospimport cv2
import numpy as np
import paddle
import paddlers as pdrs
from paddlers import transforms as T
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from PIL import Image# 定义全局变量# 随机种子
SEED = 56961
# 数据集存放目录
DATA_DIR = 'i:/cwgis_ai/cup/mass_road'
# 训练集`file_list`文件路径
TRAIN_FILE_LIST_PATH = 'i:/cwgis_ai/cup/mass_road/train.txt'
# 验证集`file_list`文件路径
VAL_FILE_LIST_PATH = 'i:/cwgis_ai/cup/mass_road/val.txt'
# 测试集`file_list`文件路径
TEST_FILE_LIST_PATH = 'i:/cwgis_ai/cup/mass_road/test.txt'
# 数据集类别信息文件路径
LABEL_LIST_PATH = 'i:/cwgis_ai/cup/mass_road/labels.txt'
# 实验目录，保存输出的模型权重和结果
EXP_DIR =  'i:/cwgis_ai/cup/road_model/'# 固定随机种子，尽可能使实验结果可复现random.seed(SEED)
np.random.seed(SEED)
paddle.seed(SEED)# 构建数据集# 定义训练和验证时使用的数据变换（数据增强、预处理等）
train_transforms = T.Compose([T.DecodeImg(),# 随机裁剪T.RandomCrop(crop_size=512),# 以50%的概率实施随机水平翻转T.RandomHorizontalFlip(prob=0.5),# 以50%的概率实施随机垂直翻转T.RandomVerticalFlip(prob=0.5),# 将数据归一化到[-1,1]T.Normalize(mean=[0.5, 0.5, 0.5], std=[0.5, 0.5, 0.5]),T.ArrangeSegmenter('train')
])eval_transforms = T.Compose([T.DecodeImg(),T.Resize(target_size=1500),# 验证阶段与训练阶段的数据归一化方式必须相同  target_size=1488T.Normalize(mean=[0.5, 0.5, 0.5], std=[0.5, 0.5, 0.5]),T.ArrangeSegmenter('eval')
])# 分别构建训练和验证所用的数据集
train_dataset = pdrs.datasets.SegDataset(data_dir=DATA_DIR,file_list=TRAIN_FILE_LIST_PATH,label_list=LABEL_LIST_PATH,transforms=train_transforms,num_workers=4,shuffle=True
)val_dataset = pdrs.datasets.SegDataset(data_dir=DATA_DIR,file_list=VAL_FILE_LIST_PATH,label_list=LABEL_LIST_PATH,transforms=eval_transforms,num_workers=0,shuffle=False
)# 构建DeepLab V3+模型，使用ResNet-50作为backbone= ResNet50_vd    ResNet101_vd
model = pdrs.tasks.seg.DeepLabV3P(in_channels=3,num_classes=len(train_dataset.labels),backbone='ResNet50_vd'
)
model.initialize_net(pretrain_weights='CITYSCAPES',save_dir=osp.join(EXP_DIR, 'pretrain'),resume_checkpoint=None,is_backbone_weights=False
)# 构建优化器
optimizer = paddle.optimizer.Adam(learning_rate=0.001, parameters=model.net.parameters()
)# 执行模型训练 原参数：num_epochs=100,train_batch_size=8
model.train(num_epochs=10,train_dataset=train_dataset,train_batch_size=2,eval_dataset=val_dataset,optimizer=optimizer,save_interval_epochs=2,# 每多少次迭代记录一次日志log_interval_steps=30,save_dir=EXP_DIR,# 是否使用early stopping策略，当精度不再改善时提前终止训练early_stop=False,# 是否启用VisualDL日志功能use_vdl=True,# 指定从某个检查点继续训练resume_checkpoint=None
)
#-----the----end-------
'''

(六) 训练过程信息

'''
(rs) PS G:\app2024\MyProject深度学习AI项目\web> & C:/Users/Administrator/.conda/envs/rs/python.exe g:/app2024/MyProject深度学习AI项目/web/cup_trans.py
Can not use `conditional_random_field`. Please install pydensecrf first.
Warning: import ppdet from source directory without installing, run 'python setup.py install' to install ppdet firstly
2024-09-03 14:18:45,486-WARNING: post-quant-hpo is not support in system other than linux
2024-09-03 14:18:45 [WARNING]   Including an `Arrange` object in the transformation operator list is deprecated and will not take effect.
2024-09-03 14:18:45 [WARNING]   Including an `Arrange` object in the transformation operator list is deprecated and will not take effect.
2024-09-03 14:18:45 [INFO]      723 samples in file i:/cwgis_ai/cup/mass_road/train.txt
2024-09-03 14:18:45 [INFO]      81 samples in file i:/cwgis_ai/cup/mass_road/val.txt
W0903 14:18:45.873943  4776 gpu_resources.cc:119] Please NOTE: device: 0, GPU Compute Capability: 6.1, Driver API Version: 12.6, Runtime API Version: 11.7
W0903 14:18:45.881899  4776 gpu_resources.cc:164] device: 0, cuDNN Version: 8.4.
2024-09-03 14:18:46 [INFO]      Loading pretrained model from i:/cwgis_ai/cup/road_model/pretrain\model.pdparams
2024-09-03 14:18:47 [WARNING]   [SKIP] Shape of parameters head.decoder.conv.weight do not match. (pretrained: [19, 256, 1, 1] vs actual: [2, 256, 1, 1])
2024-09-03 14:18:47 [WARNING]   [SKIP] Shape of parameters head.decoder.conv.bias do not match. (pretrained: [19] vs actual: [2])
2024-09-03 14:18:47 [INFO]      There are 358/360 variables loaded into DeepLabV3P.
2024-09-03 14:18:47 [INFO]      Loading pretrained model from i:/cwgis_ai/cup/road_model/pretrain\model.pdparams
2024-09-03 14:18:48 [WARNING]   [SKIP] Shape of parameters head.decoder.conv.weight do not match. (pretrained: [19, 256, 1, 1] vs actual: [2, 256, 1, 1])
2024-09-03 14:18:48 [WARNING]   [SKIP] Shape of parameters head.decoder.conv.bias do not match. (pretrained: [19] vs actual: [2])
2024-09-03 14:18:48 [INFO]      There are 358/360 variables loaded into DeepLabV3P.
2024-09-03 14:19:36 [INFO]      [TRAIN] Epoch=1/6, Step=30/361, loss=0.189093, lr=0.001000, time_each_step=1.57s, eta=0:57:4
2024-09-03 14:20:24 [INFO]      [TRAIN] Epoch=1/6, Step=60/361, loss=0.093886, lr=0.001000, time_each_step=1.59s, eta=0:56:47
2024-09-03 14:21:11 [INFO]      [TRAIN] Epoch=1/6, Step=90/361, loss=0.106614, lr=0.001000, time_each_step=1.59s, eta=0:56:1
2024-09-03 14:21:59 [INFO]      [TRAIN] Epoch=1/6, Step=120/361, loss=0.170390, lr=0.001000, time_each_step=1.59s, eta=0:55:24
2024-09-03 14:22:47 [INFO]      [TRAIN] Epoch=1/6, Step=150/361, loss=0.079456, lr=0.001000, time_each_step=1.59s, eta=0:54:31
2024-09-03 14:23:34 [INFO]      [TRAIN] Epoch=1/6, Step=180/361, loss=0.161471, lr=0.001000, time_each_step=1.58s, eta=0:53:30
2024-09-03 14:24:22 [INFO]      [TRAIN] Epoch=1/6, Step=210/361, loss=0.075722, lr=0.001000, time_each_step=1.59s, eta=0:53:2
2024-09-03 14:25:10 [INFO]      [TRAIN] Epoch=1/6, Step=240/361, loss=0.117546, lr=0.001000, time_each_step=1.59s, eta=0:51:58
2024-09-03 14:25:57 [INFO]      [TRAIN] Epoch=1/6, Step=270/361, loss=0.101394, lr=0.001000, time_each_step=1.59s, eta=0:51:11
2024-09-03 14:26:45 [INFO]      [TRAIN] Epoch=1/6, Step=300/361, loss=0.057541, lr=0.001000, time_each_step=1.59s, eta=0:50:27
2024-09-03 14:27:33 [INFO]      [TRAIN] Epoch=1/6, Step=330/361, loss=0.070874, lr=0.001000, time_each_step=1.59s, eta=0:49:38
2024-09-03 14:28:20 [INFO]      [TRAIN] Epoch=1/6, Step=360/361, loss=0.132143, lr=0.001000, time_each_step=1.59s, eta=0:48:49
2024-09-03 14:28:22 [INFO]      [TRAIN] Epoch 1 finished, loss=0.1463401052491982 .
2024-09-03 14:29:08 [INFO]      [TRAIN] Epoch=2/6, Step=29/361, loss=0.049420, lr=0.001000, time_each_step=1.6s, eta=0:48:18
2024-09-03 14:29:56 [INFO]      [TRAIN] Epoch=2/6, Step=59/361, loss=0.265671, lr=0.001000, time_each_step=1.59s, eta=0:47:24
2024-09-03 14:30:44 [INFO]      [TRAIN] Epoch=2/6, Step=89/361, loss=0.110936, lr=0.001000, time_each_step=1.59s, eta=0:46:37
2024-09-03 14:31:31 [INFO]      [TRAIN] Epoch=2/6, Step=119/361, loss=0.108888, lr=0.001000, time_each_step=1.59s, eta=0:45:49
2024-09-03 14:32:19 [INFO]      [TRAIN] Epoch=2/6, Step=149/361, loss=0.065547, lr=0.001000, time_each_step=1.59s, eta=0:45:3
2024-09-03 14:33:07 [INFO]      [TRAIN] Epoch=2/6, Step=179/361, loss=0.057928, lr=0.001000, time_each_step=1.59s, eta=0:44:15
2024-09-03 14:33:55 [INFO]      [TRAIN] Epoch=2/6, Step=209/361, loss=0.055898, lr=0.001000, time_each_step=1.59s, eta=0:43:28
2024-09-03 14:34:43 [INFO]      [TRAIN] Epoch=2/6, Step=239/361, loss=0.135333, lr=0.001000, time_each_step=1.61s, eta=0:43:0
2024-09-03 14:35:31 [INFO]      [TRAIN] Epoch=2/6, Step=269/361, loss=0.048581, lr=0.001000, time_each_step=1.6s, eta=0:41:55

（七）预测代码

# 导入需要用到的库import random
import os.path as ospimport cv2
import numpy as np
import paddle
import paddlers as pdrs
from paddlers import transforms as T
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from PIL import Image# 定义全局变量# 随机种子
SEED = 56961
# 数据集存放目录
DATA_DIR = 'i:/cwgis_ai/cup/mass_road'
# 训练集`file_list`文件路径
TRAIN_FILE_LIST_PATH = 'i:/cwgis_ai/cup/mass_road/train.txt'
# 验证集`file_list`文件路径
VAL_FILE_LIST_PATH = 'i:/cwgis_ai/cup/mass_road/val.txt'
# 测试集`file_list`文件路径
TEST_FILE_LIST_PATH = 'i:/cwgis_ai/cup/mass_road/test.txt'
# 数据集类别信息文件路径
LABEL_LIST_PATH = 'i:/cwgis_ai/cup/mass_road/labels.txt'
# 实验目录，保存输出的模型权重和结果
EXP_DIR =  'i:/cwgis_ai/cup/road_model/'eval_transforms = T.Compose([T.DecodeImg(),T.Resize(target_size=1500),# 验证阶段与训练阶段的数据归一化方式必须相同  target_size=1488T.Normalize(mean=[0.5, 0.5, 0.5], std=[0.5, 0.5, 0.5]),T.ArrangeSegmenter('eval')
])# 固定随机种子，尽可能使实验结果可复现random.seed(SEED)
np.random.seed(SEED)
paddle.seed(SEED)# 构建测试集
test_dataset = pdrs.datasets.SegDataset(data_dir=DATA_DIR,file_list=TEST_FILE_LIST_PATH,label_list=LABEL_LIST_PATH,transforms=eval_transforms,num_workers=0,shuffle=False
)# 构建DeepLab V3+模型，使用ResNet-50作为backbone= ResNet50_vd    ResNet101_vd
model = pdrs.tasks.seg.DeepLabV3P(in_channels=3,num_classes=2,backbone='ResNet50_vd'
)
model.initialize_net(pretrain_weights='CITYSCAPES',save_dir=osp.join(EXP_DIR, 'pretrain'),resume_checkpoint=None,is_backbone_weights=False
)# 构建优化器
optimizer = paddle.optimizer.Adam(learning_rate=0.001, parameters=model.net.parameters()
)# 为模型加载历史最佳权重
state_dict = paddle.load(osp.join(EXP_DIR, 'best_model/model.pdparams'))
model.net.set_state_dict(state_dict)# 执行测试
test_result = model.evaluate(test_dataset)
print("测试集上指标：IoU为{:.2f}，Acc为{:.2f}，Kappa系数为{:.2f}, F1为{:.2f}".format(test_result['category_iou'][1], test_result['category_acc'][1],test_result['kappa'],test_result['category_F1-score'][1])
)

（八)单张图片预测代码

# 导入需要用到的库import random
import os.path as ospimport cv2
import numpy as np
import paddle
import paddlers as pdrs
from paddlers import transforms as T
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.image import imread
from PIL import Image# 定义全局变量# 随机种子
#SEED = 56961
SEED = 22961
# 数据集存放目录
DATA_DIR = 'i:/cwgis_ai/cup/mass_road'
# 训练集`file_list`文件路径
TRAIN_FILE_LIST_PATH = 'i:/cwgis_ai/cup/mass_road/train.txt'
# 验证集`file_list`文件路径
VAL_FILE_LIST_PATH = 'i:/cwgis_ai/cup/mass_road/val.txt'
# 测试集`file_list`文件路径
TEST_FILE_LIST_PATH = 'i:/cwgis_ai/cup/mass_road/test.txt'
# 数据集类别信息文件路径
LABEL_LIST_PATH = 'i:/cwgis_ai/cup/mass_road/labels.txt'
# 实验目录，保存输出的模型权重和结果
EXP_DIR =  'i:/cwgis_ai/cup/road_model/'eval_transforms = T.Compose([T.DecodeImg(),T.Resize(target_size=1500),# 验证阶段与训练阶段的数据归一化方式必须相同  target_size=1488T.Normalize(mean=[0.5, 0.5, 0.5], std=[0.5, 0.5, 0.5]),T.ArrangeSegmenter('eval')
])# 固定随机种子，尽可能使实验结果可复现random.seed(SEED)
np.random.seed(SEED)
paddle.seed(SEED)#====================================================================# 构建测试集
test_dataset = pdrs.datasets.SegDataset(data_dir=DATA_DIR,file_list=TEST_FILE_LIST_PATH,label_list=LABEL_LIST_PATH,transforms=eval_transforms,num_workers=0,shuffle=False
)# 构建DeepLab V3+模型，使用ResNet-50作为backbone= ResNet50_vd    ResNet101_vd
model = pdrs.tasks.seg.DeepLabV3P(in_channels=3,num_classes=2,backbone='ResNet50_vd'
)
model.initialize_net(pretrain_weights='CITYSCAPES',save_dir=osp.join(EXP_DIR, 'pretrain'),resume_checkpoint=None,is_backbone_weights=False
)# 构建优化器
optimizer = paddle.optimizer.Adam(learning_rate=0.001, parameters=model.net.parameters()
)# 为模型加载历史最佳权重
state_dict = paddle.load(osp.join(EXP_DIR, 'best_model/model.pdparams'))
model.net.set_state_dict(state_dict)# 预测结果可视化
# 重复运行本单元可以查看不同结果def read_image(path):im = cv2.imread(path)return im[...,::-1]def show_images_in_row(ims, fig, title='', quantize=False):n = len(ims)fig.suptitle(title)axs = fig.subplots(nrows=1, ncols=n)for idx, (im, ax) in enumerate(zip(ims, axs)):# 去掉刻度线和边框ax.spines['top'].set_visible(False)ax.spines['right'].set_visible(False)ax.spines['bottom'].set_visible(False)ax.spines['left'].set_visible(False)ax.get_xaxis().set_ticks([])ax.get_yaxis().set_ticks([])if isinstance(im, str):im = read_image(im)if quantize:im = (im*255).astype('uint8')if im.ndim == 2:im = np.tile(im[...,np.newaxis], [1,1,3])ax.imshow(im)        # 需要展示的样本个数
num_imgs_to_show = 20
# 随机抽取样本
chosen_indices = random.choices(range(len(test_dataset)), k=num_imgs_to_show)# 参考 https://stackoverflow.com/a/68209152
#fig = plt.figure(constrained_layout=True)
#fig.suptitle("Test Results")#subfigs = fig.subfigures(nrows=3, ncols=1)# 读取输入影像并显示
im_paths = [test_dataset.file_list[idx]['image'] for idx in chosen_indices]
#show_images_in_row(im_paths, subfigs[0], title='Image')
# print(im_paths[0])
#im = cv2.imread(im_paths[0], cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
#print(im)
#plt.imshow(im)
#plt.show()# 获取模型预测输出
with paddle.no_grad():model.net.eval()preds = []for idx in chosen_indices:  input = test_dataset.file_list[idx]['image']     # i:/cwgis_ai/cup/mass_road\road_segmentation_ideal\testing\input\img-5.png#mask = test_dataset.file_list[idx]['mask']       # i:/cwgis_ai/cup/mass_road\road_segmentation_ideal\testing\output\img-5.pngprint(input)filename=osp.basename(input)if(filename=="img-10.png"):           input, mask = test_dataset[idx]print("idx="+str(idx))#print(input["image"])#print('-------------------')#print(mask)input = paddle.to_tensor(input["image"]).unsqueeze(0)logits, *_ = model.net(input)pred = paddle.argmax(logits[0], axis=0)preds.append(pred.numpy())        out_path="i:/cwgis_ai/cup/out10.png"im=pred.numpy()im[im>0] = 255cv2.imwrite(out_path, im)#show_images_in_row(preds, subfigs[1], title='Pred', quantize=True)
#plt.figure(figsize=(1500, 1500))
#print(preds[0])
#plt.imshow(preds[0])
#plt.show()# 读取真值标签并显示
#m_paths = [test_dataset.file_list[idx]['mask'] for idx in chosen_indices]
#show_images_in_row(im_paths, subfigs[2], title='GT', quantize=True)# 渲染结果
#fig.canvas.draw()
#Image.frombytes('RGB', fig.canvas.get_width_height(), fig.canvas.tostring_rgb())

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