Spring Boot整合Quartz定时任务详解

在Spring Boot项目中，整合Quartz框架可以实现强大的定时任务调度功能。Quartz是一个开源的作业调度框架，支持复杂的调度方案以及灵活的作业触发器设置，能够满足多种定时任务需求。本文将详细介绍如何在Spring Boot中整合Quartz，实现单次执行、Cron表达式启动以及站厅任务（假设为周期性任务）的定时任务。

一、添加依赖

首先，在Spring Boot项目的pom.xml文件中添加Quartz和Spring Boot Starter Quartz的依赖：

<dependencies><!-- Spring Boot Starter Quartz --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-quartz</artifactId></dependency><!-- Quartz Scheduler --><dependency><groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId><artifactId>quartz</artifactId><version>2.3.2</version></dependency>
</dependencies>

二、实现单次执行的任务

创建任务类：

创建一个简单的任务类，继承QuartzJobBean并实现executeInternal方法。这个方法包含要执行的任务逻辑。

import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.QuartzJobBean;public class SingleJob extends QuartzJobBean {@Overrideprotected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext jobExecutionContext) throws JobExecutionException {System.out.println("单次任务执行: " + System.currentTimeMillis());}
}

创建配置类：

配置Quartz的调度器和触发器，并将任务类注册到调度器中。这里使用SimpleTriggerFactoryBean来创建一个简单触发器，并设置触发次数为1，以实现单次执行。

import org.quartz.JobDetail;
import org.quartz.Trigger;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SimpleTriggerFactoryBean;@Configuration
public class QuartzConfig {@Beanpublic JobDetail jobDetail() {JobDetailFactoryBean factoryBean = new JobDetailFactoryBean();factoryBean.setJobClass(SingleJob.class);factoryBean.setDurability(true);factoryBean.setName("singleJob");factoryBean.afterPropertiesSet();return factoryBean.getObject();}@Beanpublic Trigger trigger(JobDetail jobDetail) {SimpleTriggerFactoryBean factoryBean = new SimpleTriggerFactoryBean();factoryBean.setJobDetail(jobDetail);factoryBean.setRepeatCount(0); // 0表示只执行一次factoryBean.setRepeatInterval(1000); // 间隔1秒（虽然这里设置了间隔，但因为repeatCount为0，所以只执行一次）factoryBean.setName("singleTrigger");factoryBean.afterPropertiesSet();return factoryBean.getObject();}
}

启动类：

在Spring Boot启动类上添加@EnableScheduling注解，启用定时任务功能。

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;@SpringBootApplication
@EnableScheduling
public class Application {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);}
}

三、使用Cron表达式启动任务

修改配置类：

使用CronTriggerFactoryBean来创建一个Cron触发器，并指定Cron表达式。

import org.quartz.JobDetail;
import org.quartz.Trigger;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailFactoryBean;@Configuration
public class QuartzCronConfig {@Beanpublic JobDetail jobDetail() {JobDetailFactoryBean factoryBean = new JobDetailFactoryBean();factoryBean.setJobClass(SingleJob.class); // 可以使用同一个任务类factoryBean.setDurability(true);factoryBean.setName("cronJob");factoryBean.afterPropertiesSet();return factoryBean.getObject();}@Beanpublic Trigger cronTrigger(JobDetail jobDetail) {CronTriggerFactoryBean factoryBean = new CronTriggerFactoryBean();factoryBean.setJobDetail(jobDetail);factoryBean.setCronExpression("0 0/5 * * * ?"); // 每5分钟执行一次factoryBean.setName("cronTrigger");factoryBean.afterPropertiesSet();return factoryBean.getObject();}
}