python-docx -- 读取word图片

文章目录

概念介绍
形状对象
读取图片
自定义图形

概念介绍

从概念上来讲，word文档分为两层，一个文本层，一个绘画层；

文本层，从上到下，从左到右，流式排版，本页填满则开启新页面；
图层，绘画的对象也称作shapes，可以放在任意的位置。有时也被称为浮动的shapes；
- 图片，可以出现在文本层、图层，在文本层时称为inline shapes(内联的图形)，被当做一个大的文本字符，行高相应增加以适应当前图片，图片会放在一行，并且有合适的宽度；
- 通常，图片单独放在一个段落中，当然它的前面、后面也可以有文本。
- 写入文本时，python-docx仅支持内联图片（inline pictures），通过add_picture()方法添加文档末尾的一个段落中，也可以在该段落内图片的两边添加文本。

形状对象

InlineShapes 对象
- 类 docx.shape.InlineShapes(body_elm: CT_Body, parent: StoryPart)
- InlineShape对象的序列，可迭代，可索引访问；
- Document实例调用inline_shapes 获取所有的图片；
InlineShape 对象
- 类 docx.shape.InlineShape(inline: CT_Inline)
- 是inline图形对象的容器，代理底层xml <wp:inline>元素；通过 _inline属性获取底层xml元素（<CT_Inline ‘wp:inline’ at 0x16f8a7c4e50>）
- width/height （读写）属性，是一个Length对象，显示的宽度、高度；
- type，只读属性，类型； docx.enum.shape.WD_INLINE_SHAPE

>>> inline_shape.height   # Length对象
914400
>>> inline_shape.height.inches  # 英寸
1.0

读取图片

读取word中粘贴的图片，插入的图片等；

# __author__ = "laufing"
# 抽取 docx 中的图片
from typing import List
from docx import Document
from docx.enum.shape import WD_INLINE_SHAPE_TYPE
from docx.image.image import Image
from docx.oxml import CT_Inline, CT_GraphicalObject, CT_GraphicalObjectData, CT_Picture, CT_BlipFillProperties, CT_Blipdef extract_pics(file_path: str) -> None:doc = Document(file_path)for idx, shape in enumerate(doc.inline_shapes):# 获取图片的ridrid = shape._inline.graphic.graphicData.pic.blipFill.blip.embed# 图片的名称name = shape._inline.docPr.name# 根据rid获取图片对象image_obj = doc.part.rels.get(rid).target_part.imageprint("image:", image_obj)print("file_name:", image_obj.filename)print("扩展名:", image_obj.ext)print("图片二进制数据:", image_obj.blob)print("图片二进制数据hash:", image_obj.sha1)print("内容类型:", image_obj.content_type)print("像素宽高{}x{}:".format(image_obj.px_width, image_obj.px_height))print("分辨率{} x {}".format(image_obj.horz_dpi, image_obj.vert_dpi))# 解析图片信息width = shape.width,  # Lendth对象  可以继续调用.inches/.pt/.cmheight = shape.heightprint("\n")if __name__ == '__main__':word_path = r"C:\Users\lenovo\Desktop\cc\lauf_chapter_old.docx"extract_pics(word_path)

输出：
在这里插入图片描述

自定义图形

底层xml
word/excel 本身是一个压缩文件，将word改名为.zip，即可解压，在document.xml中可以查看到如下内容：

<mc:AlternateContent><mc:Choice Requires="wps"><w:drawing><wp:anchor distT="0" distB="0" distL="114300" distR="114300" simplePos="0" relativeHeight="251659264" behindDoc="0" locked="0" layoutInCell="1" allowOverlap="1" wp14:anchorId="7EAC963D" wp14:editId="53638C19"><wp:simplePos x="0" y="0"/><wp:positionH relativeFrom="column"><wp:posOffset>612267</wp:posOffset></wp:positionH><wp:positionV relativeFrom="paragraph"><wp:posOffset>117933</wp:posOffset></wp:positionV><wp:extent cx="2128723" cy="658368"/><wp:effectExtent l="0" t="0" r="24130" b="27940"/><wp:wrapNone/><wp:docPr id="1491957454" name="矩形 1"/><wp:cNvGraphicFramePr/><a:graphic xmlns:a="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/drawingml/2006/main"><a:graphicData uri="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2010/wordprocessingShape"><wps:wsp><wps:cNvSpPr/><wps:spPr><a:xfrm><a:off x="0" y="0"/><a:ext cx="2128723" cy="658368"/></a:xfrm><a:prstGeom prst="rect"><a:avLst/></a:prstGeom></wps:spPr><wps:style><a:lnRef idx="2"><a:schemeClr val="accent1"><a:shade val="15000"/></a:schemeClr></a:lnRef><a:fillRef idx="1"><a:schemeClr val="accent1"/></a:fillRef><a:effectRef idx="0"><a:schemeClr val="accent1"/></a:effectRef><a:fontRef idx="minor"><a:schemeClr val="lt1"/></a:fontRef></wps:style><wps:txbx><w:txbxContent><w:p w14:paraId="29343860" w14:textId="0DB31DD1" w:rsidR="00BD204B" w:rsidRDefault="00BD204B" w:rsidP="00BD204B"><w:pPr><w:jc w:val="center"/><w:rPr><w:rFonts w:hint="eastAsia"/></w:rPr></w:pPr><w:r><w:rPr><w:rFonts w:hint="eastAsia"/></w:rPr><w:t>这是自己添加的图形</w:t></w:r></w:p></w:txbxContent></wps:txbx><wps:bodyPr rot="0" spcFirstLastPara="0" vertOverflow="overflow" horzOverflow="overflow" vert="horz" wrap="square" lIns="91440" tIns="45720" rIns="91440" bIns="45720" numCol="1" spcCol="0" rtlCol="0" fromWordArt="0" anchor="ctr" anchorCtr="0" forceAA="0" compatLnSpc="1"><a:prstTxWarp prst="textNoShape"><a:avLst/></a:prstTxWarp><a:noAutofit/></wps:bodyPr></wps:wsp></a:graphicData></a:graphic></wp:anchor></w:drawing></mc:Choice><mc:Fallback><w:pict><v:rect w14:anchorId="7EAC963D" id="矩形 1" o:spid="_x0000_s1026" style="position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:48.2pt;margin-top:9.3pt;width:167.6pt;height:51.85pt;z-index:251659264;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square;mso-wrap-distance-left:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-top:0;mso-wrap-distance-right:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;mso-position-horizontal:absolute;mso-position-horizontal-relative:text;mso-position-vertical:absolute;mso-position-vertical-relative:text;v-text-anchor:middle" o:gfxdata="UEsDBBQABgAIAAAAIQC2gziS/gAAAOEBAAATAAAAW0NvbnRlbnRfVHlwZXNdLnhtbJSRQU7DMBBF 90jcwfIWJU67QAgl6YK0S0CoHGBkTxKLZGx5TGhvj5O2G0SRWNoz/78nu9wcxkFMGNg6quQqL6RA 0s5Y6ir5vt9lD1JwBDIwOMJKHpHlpr69KfdHjyxSmriSfYz+USnWPY7AufNIadK6MEJMx9ApD/oD OlTrorhX2lFEilmcO2RdNtjC5xDF9pCuTyYBB5bi6bQ4syoJ3g9WQ0ymaiLzg5KdCXlKLjvcW893 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cnMvZG93bnJldi54bWxQSwUGAAAAAAQABADzAAAAyQUAAAAA " fillcolor="#4472c4 [3204]" strokecolor="#09101d [484]" strokeweight="1pt"><v:textbox><w:txbxContent><w:p w14:paraId="29343860" w14:textId="0DB31DD1" w:rsidR="00BD204B" w:rsidRDefault="00BD204B" w:rsidP="00BD204B"><w:pPr><w:jc w:val="center"/><w:rPr><w:rFonts w:hint="eastAsia"/></w:rPr></w:pPr><w:r><w:rPr><w:rFonts w:hint="eastAsia"/></w:rPr><w:t>这是自己添加的图形</w:t></w:r></w:p></w:txbxContent></v:textbox></v:rect></w:pict></mc:Fallback></mc:AlternateContent>

代码解析


def extract_shapes(file_path: str) -> None:""" 抽取图形 """doc = Document(file_path)# 在段落中抽取图形for idx, para in enumerate(doc.element.body):for run in para:# 找到runif isinstance(run, CT_R):for inner_run in run:tag_name = inner_run.tag.split("}")[1]if tag_name == "AlternateContent":  # lxml.etree._Element对象fallback = inner_run[1]pict = fallback[0]shape = pict[0]  # 内部图形print("图形数据:", shape.items())textbox = list(shape) # shape内部是否有文本，需判断if textbox:textbox = textbox[0]# 图形内的段落文本para_list = list(textbox[0])print("图形内部文本:", [para.text for para in para_list])