RabbitMQ 七种工作模式介绍

1.简单模式队列

2.WorkQueue(⼯作队列)

3 Publish/Subscribe(发布/订阅)

4 Routing(路由模式)

5.Topics(通配符模式)

6 RPC(RPC通信)

7 Publisher Confirms(发布确认)

RabbitMQ 共提供了7种⼯作模式供我们进⾏消息传递,接下来一一介绍它的实现与目的

1.简单模式队列

P为生产者发送信息中间（消息队列）C作为消费者直接消费消息队列里面的内容

特点:⼀个⽣产者P，⼀个消费者C,消息只能被消费⼀次.也称为点对点(Point-to-Point)模式.

生产者：

1.创建连接工厂

2.设置工厂参数

3.创建channel

4.声明queue

5 通过channel发送到queue

6. 资源释放

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException,TimeoutException {//1.创建连接工厂ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();//2.设置工厂参数factory.setHost(Constants.HOST);factory.setPort(Constants.PORT);factory.setUsername(Constants.USER_NAME);factory.setPassword(Constants.PASSWORD);factory.setVirtualHost(Constants.VIRTUAL_HOST);Connection connection = factory.newConnection();//3.创建channelChannel channel = connection.createChannel();//4.声明queue/*** queueDeclare(String queue, boolean durable, boolean exclusive, boolean autoDelete,* Map<String, Object> arguments)* 1.队列名称* 2.durable 可持久化 true为持久化* 3.exclusive 是否独占 false* 4. autoDelete 是否自动删除 false* arguments 参数*///如果没有⼀个hello 这样的⼀个队列, 会⾃动创建, 如果有, 则不创建channel.queueDeclare("simple",true,false,false,null);//5 通过channel发送到queue/*** basicPublish(String exchange, String routingKey, AMQP.BasicProperties props,* byte[] body)* 1.exchange 交换机名称 ，简单情况下 一般默认的情况为""* 2.routingKey 路由名称=队列名称* 3.props 配置信息* 4.body 发现信息的数据*/for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {String msg = "hello 简单队列~"+i;channel.basicPublish("","simple", null, msg.getBytes());}System.out.println("信息发送成功！");//6. 资源释放channel.close();connection.close();}

消费者：

1.创建连接工厂

2.设置工厂参数

3.创建channel

4.声明queue

5.消费数据

6.资源释放

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {//创建连接工厂ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();//2.设置工厂参数factory.setHost(Constants.HOST);factory.setPort(Constants.PORT);factory.setUsername(Constants.USER_NAME);factory.setPassword(Constants.PASSWORD);factory.setVirtualHost(Constants.VIRTUAL_HOST);Connection connection = factory.newConnection();//3.创建channelChannel channel = connection.createChannel();//4.声明queue/*** queueDeclare(String queue, boolean durable, boolean exclusive, boolean autoDelete,* Map<String, Object> arguments)* 1.队列名称* 2.durable 可持久化 true为持久化* 3.exclusive 是否独占 false* 4. autoDelete 是否自动删除 false* arguments 参数*///如果没有⼀个hello 这样的⼀个队列, 会⾃动创建, 如果有, 则不创建channel.queueDeclare("simple",true,false,false,null);//5.接收信息 并消费/*** basicConsume(String queue, boolean autoAck, Consumer callback)* queue :队列名称* autoAck：是否自动确认 消费者接收信息与MQ* callback ：回调对象*/DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {/*回调方法 当收到信息 自动执行该方法consumerTag*/@Overridepublic void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {System.out.println("接收到信息："+new String(body));}};channel.basicConsume("simple",true,consumer);// 释放资源channel.close();connection.close();}

2.WorkQueue(⼯作队列)

一个生产者（P）多个消费者（C）消息队列会平均分配给消费者

特点:消息不会重复,分配给不同的消费者.
适⽤场景:集群环境中做异步处理

生产者：

跟简单模式类似或一个队列名称

 public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException,TimeoutException {//1.创建连接工厂ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();//2.设置工厂参数factory.setHost(Constants.HOST);factory.setPort(Constants.PORT);factory.setUsername(Constants.USER_NAME);factory.setPassword(Constants.PASSWORD);factory.setVirtualHost(Constants.VIRTUAL_HOST);Connection connection = factory.newConnection();//3.创建channelChannel channel = connection.createChannel();//4.声明queuechannel.queueDeclare(Constants.WORK_QUEUE,true,false,false,null);//5 通过channel发送到queuefor (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {String msg = "hello 工作队列~"+i;channel.basicPublish("",Constants.WORK_QUEUE, null, msg.getBytes());}System.out.println("信息发送成功！");//6. 资源释放channel.close();connection.close();}

消费者1：

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {//创建连接工厂ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();//2.设置工厂参数factory.setHost(Constants.HOST);factory.setPort(Constants.PORT);factory.setUsername(Constants.USER_NAME);factory.setPassword(Constants.PASSWORD);factory.setVirtualHost(Constants.VIRTUAL_HOST);Connection connection = factory.newConnection();//3.创建channelChannel channel = connection.createChannel();//4.声明queue//如果没有⼀个hello 这样的⼀个队列, 会⾃动创建, 如果有, 则不创建channel.queueDeclare(Constants.WORK_QUEUE,true,false,false,null);//5.接收信息 并消费DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {@Overridepublic void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {System.out.println("接收到信息："+new String(body));}};channel.basicConsume(Constants.WORK_QUEUE,true,consumer);// 释放资源channel.close();connection.close();}

消费者2 也是同样的代码

3 Publish/Subscribe(发布/订阅)

Fanout:⼴播，将消息交给所有绑定到交换机的队列(Publish/Subscribe模式)

X作为交换机将消息复制多份并且发送多个消费者并且每个消费者收到相同的信息

比如 P发送了10条消息 C1和C2得消费10条信息

适合场景: 消息需要被多个消费者同时接收的场景. 如: 实时通知或者⼴播消息

Exchange(交换机）只负责转发消息, 不具备存储消息的能⼒, 因此如果没有任何队列与Exchange绑定，或者没有符合路由规则的队列，那么消息就会丢失
RoutingKey: 路由键.⽣产者将消息发给交换器时, 指定的⼀个字符串, ⽤来告诉交换机应该如何处理这个消息.
Binding Key:绑定. RabbitMQ中通过Binding(绑定)将交换器与队列关联起来, 在绑定的时候⼀般会指定⼀个Binding Key, 这样RabbitMQ就知道如何正确地将消息路由到队列了.

生产者：

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {//1. 建立连接ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();connectionFactory.setHost(Constants.HOST);connectionFactory.setPort(Constants.PORT); //需要提前开放端口号connectionFactory.setUsername(Constants.USER_NAME);//账号connectionFactory.setPassword(Constants.PASSWORD);  //密码connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(Constants.VIRTUAL_HOST); //虚拟主机Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();//2. 开启信道Channel channel = connection.createChannel();//3. 声明交换机channel.exchangeDeclare(Constants.FANOUT_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.FANOUT, true);//4. 声明队列channel.queueDeclare(Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE1,true,false,false,null);channel.queueDeclare(Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE2,true,false,false,null);//5. 交换机和队列绑定channel.queueBind(Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE1,Constants.FANOUT_EXCHANGE,"");channel.queueBind(Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE2,Constants.FANOUT_EXCHANGE,"");//6. 发布消息for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {String msg = "hello 发布订阅队列~"+i;channel.basicPublish(Constants.FANOUT_EXCHANGE,"", null, msg.getBytes());}System.out.println("消息发送成功");//7. 释放资源channel.close();connection.close();}

消费者1

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {//1. 建立连接ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();connectionFactory.setHost(Constants.HOST);connectionFactory.setPort(Constants.PORT); //需要提前开放端口号connectionFactory.setUsername(Constants.USER_NAME);//账号connectionFactory.setPassword(Constants.PASSWORD);  //密码connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(Constants.VIRTUAL_HOST); //虚拟主机Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();//2. 开启信道Channel channel = connection.createChannel();//3. 声明队列channel.queueDeclare(Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE1,true,false,false,null);//4. 消费消息DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){//从队列中收到消息, 就会执行的方法@Overridepublic void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {System.out.println("接收到消息:"+ new String(body));}};channel.basicConsume(Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE1, true, consumer);}

消费者2同理

4 Routing(路由模式)

路由模式是发布订阅模式的变种, 在发布订阅基础上, 增加路由key

发布订阅模式是⽆条件的将所有消息分发给所有消费者, 路由模式是Exchange根据RoutingKey的规则, 将数据筛选后发给对应的消费者队列
适合场景: 需要根据特定规则分发消息的场景.

⽐如系统打印⽇志, ⽇志等级分为error, warning, info,debug, 就可以通过这种模式,把不同的⽇志发送到不同的队列, 最终输出到不同的⽂件

生产者：

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {//1. 建立连接ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();connectionFactory.setHost(Constants.HOST);connectionFactory.setPort(Constants.PORT); //需要提前开放端口号connectionFactory.setUsername(Constants.USER_NAME);//账号connectionFactory.setPassword(Constants.PASSWORD);  //密码connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(Constants.VIRTUAL_HOST); //虚拟主机Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();//2. 开启信道Channel channel = connection.createChannel();//3. 声明交换机channel.exchangeDeclare(Constants.DIRECT_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT, true);//4. 声明队列channel.queueDeclare(Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE1,true,false,false,null);channel.queueDeclare(Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE2,true,false,false,null);//5. 交换机和队列绑定channel.queueBind(Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE1,Constants.DIRECT_EXCHANGE,"a");channel.queueBind(Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE2,Constants.DIRECT_EXCHANGE,"a");channel.queueBind(Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE2,Constants.DIRECT_EXCHANGE,"b");channel.queueBind(Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE2,Constants.DIRECT_EXCHANGE,"c");//6. 发布消息String msg_a = "hello 路由队列~ my routingKey is a...";channel.basicPublish(Constants.DIRECT_EXCHANGE,"a", null, msg_a.getBytes());String msg_b = "hello 路由队列~ my routingKey is b...";channel.basicPublish(Constants.DIRECT_EXCHANGE,"b", null, msg_b.getBytes());String msg_c = "hello 路由队列~ my routingKey is c...";channel.basicPublish(Constants.DIRECT_EXCHANGE,"c", null, msg_c.getBytes());System.out.println("消息发送成功");//7. 释放资源channel.close();connection.close();}

消费者1

public class Consumer2 {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {//创建连接工厂ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();//2.设置工厂参数factory.setHost(Constants.HOST);factory.setPort(Constants.PORT);factory.setUsername(Constants.USER_NAME);factory.setPassword(Constants.PASSWORD);factory.setVirtualHost(Constants.VIRTUAL_HOST);Connection connection = factory.newConnection();//3.创建channelChannel channel = connection.createChannel();//4.声明queue//如果没有⼀个hello 这样的⼀个队列, 会⾃动创建, 如果有, 则不创建channel.queueDeclare(Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE1,true,false,false,null);//5.接收信息 并消费DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {@Overridepublic void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {System.out.println("接收到信息："+new String(body));}};channel.basicConsume(Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE1,true,consumer);}

消费者 2同理

5.Topics(通配符模式)

路由模式的升级版, 在routingKey的基础上,增加了通配符的功能, 使之更加灵活.

Topics和Routing的基本原理相同，即：⽣产者将消息发给交换机，交换机根据RoutingKey将消息转发给与RoutingKey匹配的队列. 类似于正则表达式的⽅式来定义Routingkey的模式.

适合场景: 需要灵活匹配和过滤消息的场景

生产者：

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {//1. 建立连接ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();connectionFactory.setHost(Constants.HOST);connectionFactory.setPort(Constants.PORT); //需要提前开放端口号connectionFactory.setUsername(Constants.USER_NAME);//账号connectionFactory.setPassword(Constants.PASSWORD);  //密码connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(Constants.VIRTUAL_HOST); //虚拟主机Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();//2. 开启信道Channel channel = connection.createChannel();//3. 声明交换机channel.exchangeDeclare(Constants.TOPIC_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC, true);//4. 声明队列channel.queueDeclare(Constants.TOPIC_QUEUE1,true,false,false,null);channel.queueDeclare(Constants.TOPIC_QUEUE2,true,false,false,null);//5. 交换机和队列绑定channel.queueBind(Constants.TOPIC_QUEUE1,Constants.TOPIC_EXCHANGE,"*.a.*");channel.queueBind(Constants.TOPIC_QUEUE2,Constants.TOPIC_EXCHANGE,"*.*.b");channel.queueBind(Constants.TOPIC_QUEUE2,Constants.TOPIC_EXCHANGE,"c.#");//6. 发布消息String msg_a = "hello 路由队列~ my routingKey is ae.a.f...";channel.basicPublish(Constants.TOPIC_EXCHANGE,"ae.a.f", null, msg_a.getBytes());String msg_b = "hello 路由队列~ my routingKey is ef.a.b...";channel.basicPublish(Constants.TOPIC_EXCHANGE,"ef.a.b", null, msg_b.getBytes());String msg_c = "hello 路由队列~ my routingKey is c.ef.d ...";channel.basicPublish(Constants.TOPIC_EXCHANGE,"c.ef.d", null, msg_c.getBytes());System.out.println("消息发送成功");//7. 释放资源channel.close();connection.close();}

消费者1：只接收*.a.*

消费者2：接收*.*.b c.#

6 RPC(RPC通信)

在RPC通信的过程中, 没有⽣产者和消费者, ⽐较像咱们RPC远程调⽤, ⼤概就是通过两个队列实现了⼀个可回调的过程.

客户端：1.发送请求（携带replyTo,correlationId ）2.接收响应（验证correlationId）

服务器：1.接收请求进行响应 2.发送响应（按客户端指定的replyTo，设置correlationId）

客户端：

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException {//1. 建立连接ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();connectionFactory.setHost(Constants.HOST);connectionFactory.setPort(Constants.PORT); //需要提前开放端口号connectionFactory.setUsername(Constants.USER_NAME);//账号connectionFactory.setPassword(Constants.PASSWORD);  //密码connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(Constants.VIRTUAL_HOST); //虚拟主机Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();//2. 开启信道Channel channel = connection.createChannel();channel.queueDeclare(Constants.RPC_RESPONSE_QUEUE,true,false,false,null);channel.queueDeclare(Constants.RPC_REQUEST_QUEUE,true,false,false,null);//3. 发送请求String msg = "hello rpc...";//设置请求的唯一标识String correlationID = UUID.randomUUID().toString();//设置请求的相关属性AMQP.BasicProperties props = new AMQP.BasicProperties().builder().correlationId(correlationID).replyTo(Constants.RPC_RESPONSE_QUEUE).build();channel.basicPublish("",Constants.RPC_REQUEST_QUEUE,props,msg.getBytes());//4. 接收响应//使用阻塞队列, 来存储响应信息final BlockingQueue<String> response = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(1);DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){@Overridepublic void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {String respMsg = new String(body);System.out.println("接收到回调消息: "+ respMsg);if (correlationID.equals(properties.getCorrelationId())){//如果correlationID校验一致response.offer(respMsg);}}};channel.basicConsume(Constants.RPC_RESPONSE_QUEUE, true, consumer);String result = response.take();System.out.println("[RPC Client 响应结果]:"+ result);}

客户端：

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException {//1. 建立连接ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();connectionFactory.setHost(Constants.HOST);connectionFactory.setPort(Constants.PORT); //需要提前开放端口号connectionFactory.setUsername(Constants.USER_NAME);//账号connectionFactory.setPassword(Constants.PASSWORD);  //密码connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(Constants.VIRTUAL_HOST); //虚拟主机Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();//2. 开启信道Channel channel = connection.createChannel();channel.queueDeclare(Constants.RPC_RESPONSE_QUEUE,true,false,false,null);channel.queueDeclare(Constants.RPC_REQUEST_QUEUE,true,false,false,null);//3. 发送请求String msg = "hello rpc...";//设置请求的唯一标识String correlationID = UUID.randomUUID().toString();//设置请求的相关属性AMQP.BasicProperties props = new AMQP.BasicProperties().builder().correlationId(correlationID).replyTo(Constants.RPC_RESPONSE_QUEUE).build();channel.basicPublish("",Constants.RPC_REQUEST_QUEUE,props,msg.getBytes());//4. 接收响应//使用阻塞队列, 来存储响应信息final BlockingQueue<String> response = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(1);DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){@Overridepublic void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {String respMsg = new String(body);System.out.println("接收到回调消息: "+ respMsg);if (correlationID.equals(properties.getCorrelationId())){//如果correlationID校验一致response.offer(respMsg);}}};channel.basicConsume(Constants.RPC_RESPONSE_QUEUE, true, consumer);String result = response.take();System.out.println("[RPC Client 响应结果]:"+ result);}

7 Publisher Confirms(发布确认)

消息丢失其中一种情况⽣产者问题. 因为应⽤程序故障, ⽹络抖动等各种原因, ⽣产者没有成功向broker发送消息
可以采⽤发布确认(Publisher Confirms)机制实现

发送⽅确认机制最⼤的好处在于它是异步的, ⽣产者可以同时发布消息和等待信道返回确认消息.

1. 当消息最终得到确认之后, ⽣产者可以通过回调⽅法来处理该确认消息.
2. 如果RabbitMQ因为⾃⾝内部错误导致消息丢失, 就会发送⼀条nack(Basic.Nack)命令, ⽣产者同样可以在回调⽅法中处理该nack命令.

使⽤发送确认机制, 必须要信道设置成confirm(确认)模式.

发布确认有3种策略, 接下来我们来学习这三种策略

（1） Publishing Messages Individually(单独确认)

    private static void publishingMessagesIndividually() throws Exception {try(Connection connection = createConnection()) {//1.开启信道Channel channel = connection.createChannel();//2. 设置信道为confirm模式channel.confirmSelect();//3.声明队列channel.queueDeclare(Constants.PUBLISHER_CONFIRMS_QUEUE1,true,false,false,null);//4.发送消息，并等待确认Long start = System.currentTimeMillis();for (int i = 0; i < MESSAGE_COUNT; i++) {String msg = "hello publisher confirms"+i;channel.basicPublish("",Constants.PUBLISHER_CONFIRMS_QUEUE1,null,msg.getBytes());//等待确认channel.waitForConfirmsOrDie(5000);}Long end = System.currentTimeMillis();System.out.printf("单独确认策略, 消息条数: %d, 耗时: %d ms \n",MESSAGE_COUNT, end-start);}}

（2）Publishing Messages in Batches(批量确认)

private static void publishingMessagesInBatches() throws Exception {try(Connection connection = createConnection()) {//1.开启信道Channel channel = connection.createChannel();//2. 设置信道为confirm模式channel.confirmSelect();//3.声明队列channel.queueDeclare(Constants.PUBLISHER_CONFIRMS_QUEUE2,true,false,false,null);//4. 发送消息, 并进行确认long start = System.currentTimeMillis();int batchSize = 100;int outstandingMessageCount = 0;for (int i = 0; i < MESSAGE_COUNT; i++) {String msg = "hello publisher confirms"+i;channel.basicPublish("",Constants.PUBLISHER_CONFIRMS_QUEUE2,null,msg.getBytes());outstandingMessageCount++;if(outstandingMessageCount == batchSize) {channel.waitForConfirmsOrDie(5000);outstandingMessageCount = 0;}}if(outstandingMessageCount > 0) {channel.waitForConfirmsOrDie(5000);}long end = System.currentTimeMillis();System.out.printf("批量确认策略, 消息条数: %d, 耗时: %d ms \n",MESSAGE_COUNT, end-start);}}

（3）Handling Publisher Confirms Asynchronously(异步确认)

    private static void handlingPublisherConfirmsAsynchronously() throws Exception {try(Connection connection = createConnection()) {//1.开启信道Channel channel = connection.createChannel();//2. 设置信道为confirm模式channel.confirmSelect();//3.声明队列channel.queueDeclare(Constants.PUBLISHER_CONFIRMS_QUEUE3,true,false,false,null);//4. 监听confirm//集合中存储的是未确认的消息IDlong start = System.currentTimeMillis();SortedSet<Long> confirmSeqNo = Collections.synchronizedSortedSet(new TreeSet<>());channel.addConfirmListener(new ConfirmListener() {@Overridepublic void handleAck(long deliveryTag, boolean multiple) throws IOException {if(multiple) {confirmSeqNo.headSet(deliveryTag+1).clear();} else {confirmSeqNo.remove(deliveryTag);}}@Overridepublic void handleNack(long deliveryTag, boolean multiple) throws IOException {if(multiple) {confirmSeqNo.headSet(deliveryTag+1).clear();}else  {confirmSeqNo.remove(deliveryTag);}//业务需要根据实际场景进行处理, 比如重发, 此处代码省略}});for (int i = 0; i < MESSAGE_COUNT; i++) {String msg = "hello publisher confirms"+i;long seqNo = channel.getNextPublishSeqNo();channel.basicPublish("",Constants.PUBLISHER_CONFIRMS_QUEUE3,null,msg.getBytes());confirmSeqNo.add(seqNo);}while (!confirmSeqNo.isEmpty()) {Thread.sleep(10);}long end = System.currentTimeMillis();System.out.printf("异步确认策略, 消息条数: %d, 耗时: %d ms \n",MESSAGE_COUNT, end-start);}}