1.创业法律指南
留置权和其他三个权
定金和订金
一般保证和连带保证
1.案例
物权编之担保法律制度案例一
冯系养鸡专业户,为改建鸡会和引进良种需资金20万元。冯向陈借款10万元,以自己的一套价值10万元的音响设备抵押,双方立有抵押字据,但未办理登记。冯又向朱借款10万元,又以该设备质押,双方立有质押字据,并将设备交付朱占有。冯得款后,改造了鸡舍,且与县良种站签订了良种鸡引进合同。合同约定良种鸡款共计2万元,冯预付定金4千元,违约金按合同总额的10%计算,冯以销售肉鸡的款项偿还良种站的货款。后冯某经营不善,预计的收入落空,冯因不能及时偿还借款和支付货款而与陈、朱及县良种站发生纠纷。诉至法院后,法院查证上述事实后又查明:朱在占有该设备期间,不慎将该设备损坏,送蒋修理。朱无力交付修理费1万元,该设备现已被蒋留置。
元到吴 1
互妖压 1
降低
银行收当
A万公司4
A部
B三
2019年元月,杨某因做生意无钱便找马某借3万元现金,马某同意借钱,但要求其找个担保人进行担保。于是杨某找到张某进行担保,张某同意担保后,杨某与马某签定了协议,约定:“由杨某于2019年4月底还清借款,若杨某到期未还款,由张某作为担保人负全责”。担保人张某并在协议上签了字。至还款期限,杨某却并未按期还款,于是马某向法院提起诉讼,要求杨某和张某共同偿还借款。
2.计算机组成
项目3 运算器组成
一、能力要求
(1)掌握1位全加器的实现逻辑。
(2)掌握8位并行加法器的实现逻辑。
(3)掌握多位可控加减法电路的实现逻辑。
(4)具有测试运算器电路功能的能力。
(5)书面交流:规范地撰写项目报告。
二、项目构思
通过1位全加器、8位串行加法器、多位可控加减法电路的设计,深入理解计算机内部运算器的组成结构。
熟悉Logisim平台的基本功能,具有在Logisim中实现多位可控加减法电路的能力。。
三、项目设计
根据逻辑表达式,设计1位全加器。
多位定点加法可由1位全加器通过进位链串联实现,因此,实现多位加法器的基础部件是1位全加器,其输入为两个相加数Xi和Yi,低位进位输入Ci-1,输出为和数Si,高位进位输出Ci。
将n个1位全加器的进位链串联可得到n位加法器,其逻辑框图如下图所示:
如果已知符号位进位为CF和最高数值位进位为CD,可以利用如下逻辑表达式进行溢出检测:
由于补码运算的特殊性质,减法可以通过加法实现,只需要将减数Y的补码再次求补后送入加法器即可实现减法运算,具体公式如下:
多位可控加减法电路逻辑框图如下所示,在串行加法器中引入SUB控制信号,输入数Y的所有位Yi均与SUB信号进行异或后送入多位串行加法器。当SUB=0时,送入加法器的是Y本身;当SUB=1时,送入加法器的是Y的反码。另外,当SUB连接到加法器的最低位的进位输入,实现了对Y操作数的逐位取反,末尾加1的求补过程,从而完成了减法操作。当SUB=0时,低位进位为0,不影响加法结果的正确性。
四、项目实施与运行结果
1.一位全加器测试
(1)理解一位全加器电路设计实现,其电路设计如下:
(2)针对如上电路,完成一位全加器测试电路设计截图记录。
(3)完成一位全加器测试设计,可以采用真值表方式实现,其测试真值表如下:
Xi | Yi | Ci-1 | Si | Ci | 结果判断 |
0 | 0 | 0 | |||
0 | 0 | 1 | |||
0 | 1 | 0 | |||
0 | 1 | 1 | |||
1 | 0 | 0 | |||
1 | 0 | 1 | |||
1 | 1 | 0 | |||
1 | 1 | 1 |
2. 8位串行加法器测试
(1)理解8位串行加法器设计实现,其电路设计如下:
(2)针对如上电路,完成8位串行加法器测试电路设计截图记录。
(3)完成8位串行加法器测试设计,并设计出数据记录表格,将数据记录在表格中。
3. 8位可控加减法电路
(1)完成8位可控加减法电路设计
(2)针对如上电路,完成8位可控加减法电路测试电路设计截图记录。
(3)完成8位可控加减法器测试设计,并设计出数据记录表格,将数据记录在表格中。
五、目标检测
对照所学理论知识,理解运算器的逻辑电路设计方式,并理解多位定点加法、减法在计算机中实现原理、实现方法。
六、项目拓展
1.多位串行进位加法器的优缺点是什么?
2.如何实现4位先行进位加法器或者4位快速加法器?
笔记
3.数学竞赛
4.社教
逗笑
3.杂项
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5.英语六级
Brookdale, as the largest owner of retirement communities in the country, has implemented an innovative approach by inviting a select group of entrepreneurs to reside within its communities for a brief period. This initiative allows the entrepreneurs to showcase their products directly to the residents, while also providing them with an opportunity to listen and learn from the residents' feedback.
By doing so, Brookdale aims to foster a sense of community engagement and innovation. It recognizes the value of bringing fresh ideas and products into the retirement setting, which can enhance the quality of life for its residents. At the same time, the entrepreneurs benefit from direct access to a potential market, as well as invaluable insights and feedback from a diverse group of individuals.
This approach is mutually beneficial, as it not only enriches the lives of the residents but also supports the growth and development of budding entrepreneurs. It demonstrates Brookdale's commitment to creating a vibrant and dynamic community environment that meets the evolving needs and interests of its residents.
专门为老年人设计的产品的市场到明年可能达到300亿美元,初创公司也想参与其中。但他们有时缺乏的是希望使用他们产品的人的反馈。因此,美国最大的退休社区所有者布鲁克代尔(Brookdale)邀请了几位精选的创业者,让他们在社区里住上几天,展示他们的产品,并听取居民的意见。
这正是让28岁的戴勒·罗德里格斯(Dayle Rodriguez)从英国来到加利福尼亚州托伦斯市布鲁克代尔南湾餐厅的原因。罗德里格斯是名为Sentab的初创公司的社区和市场营销经理。该公司的产品SentabTV使那些可能不习惯使用电脑的老年人只需通过电视和遥控器就能访问电子邮件、视频聊天和社交媒体。
“这并不新鲜,也不算太复杂,这是很自然的,因为很多人都有电视遥控器。”罗德里格斯说。
但是在布鲁克代尔餐厅里,这些都不是讨论的话题。相反,罗德里格斯向居民们征求意见,询问他们希望他在汉堡包里加些什么配料,以及他应该怎样度过下午。计划中的活动还有打牌和学习玩麻将。
罗德里格斯表示,让居民们觉得他不是在向他们推销东西很重要。他表示:“我更喜欢采取被动的方式,比如打台球、打牌、共进晚餐或午餐,这些方式都比进行问卷调查更有效。当他们了解我并信任我,确信我不是在向他们推销东西时,他们就会给出更诚实的反馈。”
罗德里格斯是布鲁克代尔的1100个老年生活社区中第七位入住的企业家。该计划中的其他新产品还包括一种全身吹风机和专为残疾人设计的可自行穿衣脱衣的服装。
93岁的玛丽·露·布施(Mary Lou Busch)同意尝试Sentab系统。她告诉罗德里格斯,这可能对某些人有用,但不适合她。“我有电脑和FaceTime,可以用来和家人通话,”她解释道。她还拥有一部iPad和一部智能手机。“所以我基本上可以做任何我需要做的事情。”
公平地说,如果罗德里格斯想要听取一些技术恐惧症较重的长者的意见,他可能最终会进入错误的布鲁克代尔社区。这个社区位于南加州航空走廊的中心地带。许多居民在工程、商业和学术界都有背景。
但罗德里格斯表示,通过搬到布鲁克代尔社区,他仍然学到了一些重要的东西:“人们比我们想象的更擅长使用科技。”
此外,他能在哪里学会打麻将呢?
51. 这段文字对初创企业说了些什么?
A) 他们从不浪费时间为老年人更新产品。
B) 他们想要分得老年人商品市场的一杯羹。
C) 他们邀请老年人到他们的公司试用他们的产品。
D) 他们试图从向老年人推销数字产品中获利。
52. 一些企业家已被邀请到布鲁克代尔参加会议。
A) 与潜在客户进行面谈
B) 对退休社区进行调查
C) 收集居民对产品的反馈意见
D) 向老年人展示如何使用信息技术产品
53. 我们对SentabTV了解多少?
A) 这是一档针对老年人兴趣的电视节目。
B) 这是一款深受老年人喜爱的数字电视。
C) 这是一款专门为老年人设计的电视机,用于观看节目。
D) 这是一种通过电视而不是电脑进行通信的系统。
54. 罗德里格斯认为在推广产品方面哪些因素是至关重要的?
A) 赢得潜在客户的信任。
B) 了解顾客的喜好和不喜欢。
C) 在现场展示他们的优越性。
D) 及时回应客户反馈。
55. 我们从布鲁克代尔社区的老年人那里学到了什么?
A) 他们中的大多数人都对使用Sentab很感兴趣。
B) 他们对高科技产品非常熟悉。
C) 他们与其他地方的老年人有很多共同之处。
D) 他们中的大多数人比普通人活得更久。
阅读答案:BCDAB词汇拓展:请将文中生词整理誊写至下面区域
生词 文中搭配 中文释义
随写区
The market for products designed specifically for older adults could reach $30 billion by next year, and startups (初创公司) want in on the action. What they sometimes lack is feedback from the people who they hope will use their products. So Brookdale, the country’s largest owner of retirement communities, has been inviting a few select entrepreneurs just to move in for a few days, show off their products and hear what the residents have to say.
That’s what brought Dayle Rodriguez, 28, all the way from England to the dining room of Brookdale South Bay in Torrance, California. Rodriguez is the community and marketing manager for a company called Sentab. The startup’s product, SentabTV, enables older adults who may not be comfortable with computers to access email, video chat and social media using just their televisions and a remote control.
“It’s nothing new, it’s nothing too complicated and it’s natural because lots of people haveTV remotes,” says Rodriguez.
But none of that is the topic of conversation in the Brookdale dining room. Instead, Rodriguez solicits residents’ advice on what he should get on his cheeseburger and how he should spend the afternoon. Playing cards was on the agenda, as well as learning to play mahjong (麻将).
Rodriguez says it’s important that residents here don’t feel like he’s selling them something. “I’ve had more feedback in a passive approach,” he says. “Playing pool, playing cards, having dinner, having lunch,” all work better “than going through a survey of questions. When they get to know me and to trust me, knowing for sure I’m not selling them something—there’ll be more honest feedback from them.”
Rodriguez is just the seventh entrepreneur to move into one of Brookdale’s 1,100 senior living communities. Other new products in the program have included a kind of full-body blow dryer and specially designed clothing that allows people with disabilities to dress and undress themselves.这些新产品在想米粒暴扣全身烘干和设计衣服来帮助没有能力的老人穿自己的衣服
她在这个项目中的新产品包括一种全身吹风机和专门设计的衣服,让残疾人可以自己穿衣服和脱衣服
Mary Lou Busch, 93, agreed to try the Sentab system. She tells Rodriguez that it might be good for someone, but not for her. “I have the computer and FaceTime, which I talk with my family on, ”she explains. She also has an iPad and a smartphone. “So I do pretty much everything I need to do.”
To be fair, if Rodriguez had wanted feedback from some more technophobic (害怕技术的) seniors, he might have ended up in the wrong Brookdale community. This one is located in the heart of Southern California’s aerospace corridor. Many residents have backgrounds in engineering, business and academic circles.
But Rodriguez says he’s still learning something important by moving into this Brookdale community: “People are more tech-proficient than we thought.”
And besides, where else would he learn to play mahjong?
51. What does the passage say about the startups?
A) They never lose time in upgrading products for seniors.
B) They want to have a share of the seniors’ goods market.
C) They invite seniors to their companies to try their products.
D) They try to profit from promoting digital products to seniors.
52. Some entrepreneurs have been invited to Brookdale to
A) have an interview with potential customers
B) conduct a survey of retirement communities
C) collect residents’ feedback on their products
D) show senior residents how to use IT products
53. What do we know about SentabTV?
A) It is a TV program catering to the interest of the elderly.
B) It is a digital TV which enjoys popularity among seniors.
C) It is a TV specially designed for seniors to view programs.
D) It is a communication system via TV instead of a computer.
54. What does Rodriguez say is important in promoting products?
A) Winning trust from prospective customers.潜在的消费者赢得他们的新人
对于消费者的反馈做出及时的反映
B) Knowing the likes and dislikes of customers.
C) Demonstrating their superiority on the spot.
D) Responding promptly to customer feedback.
55. What do we learn about the seniors in the Brookdale community?
A) Most of them are interested in using the Sentab.
B) They are quite at ease with high-tech products.
C) They have much in common with seniors elsewhere.
D) Most of them enjoy a longer life than average people.
阅读答案:BCDAB
词汇拓展:请将文中生词整理誊写至下面区域
生词 文中搭配 中文释义
随写区
6.比赛
确定了