手把手教你如何微信公众号开发

最近的话，发现微信开发其实也有很多挺有意思的地方，比如最近很火的一款游戏“跳一跳”，也让我如此着迷。。但是，今天我所要讲的并不是对于小程序的开发，而是要说一下，关于微信开发的另外一个内容，那就是微信公众号。。

关于，什么是微信公众号，微信公众号怎么申请，这个我就不多说，这些基本的概念不在这里进行讲解，自己可以直接百度就可以找到很多的资源。而我主要讲解一下关于微信公众号开发中，一些比较重要和常见的知识点，所以，这个也并不是基础篇的文章哦~！好歹也要对微信公众号有一点了解才行。~！

一：实现外网域名访问本地服务项目

描述：我们在刚开始接触微信公众号开发的时候，我想，一般情况下，很多人都是没有服务器的，简单点说，就是没有服务器IP，或者是公网访问的域名。然而，要想能够实现微信公众能能够与我们后台代码进行交互，那么肯定就需要有一个公网能够访问的地址，那么这怎么办好呢？

解法一：很简单呀，直接去新浪云，阿里云，华为云，买一个服务器呗，而且是学生的话，还有优惠，多好。。但是，这个又比较繁琐，里面又有配置内容啥的，一堆（比如，tomcat，mysql，jdk等等）。那么，看看第二种方法。。。。（但是，请记住，这个是想做服务端开发必须会的，如果你连部署项目都不会，你觉得公司对你的感觉如何？多一个技能就是一个优势）

解法二：反向代理。。如果，你是第一次听说这个名词，那么就赶紧恶补一下，这个名词的含义。我简单点说，就是通过反向代理的模式，来代理你本地的ip，以便能够在公网地址能够访问到本地的项目。。具体，请看下面，如何进行~！~！

步骤：（1）下载ogrok客户端---------也就是反向代理的客户端，当然还有很多类似的，我这里就使用这个而已。

这个可以通过该链接进行下载ogrok下载链接

（2）解压刚下载好的客户端文件到自己的一个目录下

（3）通过cmd命令，进入DOS，并且进入到刚刚解压的ogrok目录下

（4）执行 ngrok -config=ngrok.cfg -subdomain xxx 8080 //(xxx 是你自定义的域名前缀)

比如，我这里就是xxx就是用myjavttest

结果：

（5）这样的话，我们就可以通过上面的地址进行访问本地的项目了。（原来都是用的localhost:8080/login.jsp或者127.0.0.1:8080/login.jsp），当然，前提是本地有一个开启的项目，这样才可以，别本地都没有项目开启，就用公网去访问，你觉得，它能够访问么？所以，请别忘记这一点。

（二）微信公众号客户端与后台进行验证身份

首先，我们通过第一步，我们就能够得到一个以公网地址访问的一个IP（域名），那么既然要使得微信公众号能够与后台进行关联，那么肯定需要配置微信公众号的具体对应的服务器地址了。

步骤：（1）首先，进入微信公众号开发官网，并且进行登陆

（2）

（3）

（4）

OK，配置到这个的话，就简单的，将基本的配置进行设置好了。。那么，下面才是关键，进入真正的开发阶段。。

如果微信端，要与后台进行关联，那么当用户进行与后台交互的时候，后台就需要采取，身份验证，而这个是通过GET方式的请求，而只有通过的才可以进行后续的处理。所以，如何进行，那么就看下面的代码：这里讲解两种形式~~~~

第一种：（采取Servlet）

@WebServlet(name = "ConnectWeChatServlet")
public class ConnectWeChatServlet extends HttpServlet {@Overrideprotected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {}/*** 进行验证是否身份匹配* @param request* @param response* @throws ServletException* @throws IOException*/@Overrideprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {String signature = request.getParameter("signature");String timestamp = request.getParameter("timestamp");String nonce = request.getParameter("nonce");String echostr = request.getParameter("echostr");System.out.println(""+signature +"@"+timestamp +"$"+nonce +"^"+echostr);PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();if(CheckConnectUtils.checkConncetWithWeChat(signature,timestamp,nonce)){out.print(echostr);}}

验证的代码：

package com.hnu.scw.utils;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.util.Arrays;
/*** @author scw* @create 2018-01-17 9:28* @desc 检查微信和服务器是否链接成功**/
public class CheckConnectUtils {private static final String token = "wechat"; //这个就是微信公众号之前配置的token，必须保持一致/*** 判断是否链接匹配* @param signature* @param timestamp* @param nonce* @return*/public static boolean checkConncetWithWeChat(String signature,String timestamp,String nonce){String[] arr = new String[]{token,timestamp,nonce};//排序Arrays.sort(arr);//生成字符串StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();for (String str:arr) {stringBuilder.append(str);}//进行SHA1加密String encodeString = passSha1Encode(stringBuilder.toString());if(signature.equals(encodeString)){return true;}else{return false;}}/*** 字符串进行SHA1加密* @param str* @return*/public static String passSha1Encode(String str){if(str == null || str.length() == 0){return null;}char hexDigits[] = {'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','a','b','c','d','e','f'};try{MessageDigest mdTemp = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1");mdTemp.update(str.getBytes());byte[] md = mdTemp.digest();int j = md.length;char[] buf = new char[j*2];int k = 0;for(int i=0 ; i <j ; i++){byte byte0 = md[i];buf[k++] = hexDigits[byte0 >>>4 & 0xf];buf[k++] = hexDigits[byte0 & 0xf];}return new String(buf);} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {return null;}}
}

第二种：（采取框架，比如SpringMVC+Spring+Hibernate）

/*** @author scw* @create 2018-01-18 11:38* @desc 微信前端连接的主要控制类**/
@Controller
public class WeChatDogPrimaryController {/*** 进行微信用户验证,只能是Get方法* @param request* @param response*/@RequestMapping(value = "/wechat" ,method = RequestMethod.GET)public void connectValidate(HttpServletRequest request , HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {String signature = request.getParameter("signature");String timestamp = request.getParameter("timestamp");String nonce = request.getParameter("nonce");String echostr = request.getParameter("echostr");System.out.println(""+signature +"@"+timestamp +"$"+nonce +"^"+echostr);PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();if(CheckConnectUtils.checkConncetWithWeChat(signature,timestamp,nonce)){out.print(echostr);}}/*** 客户端进行的消息处理* @param request* @param response*/@RequestMapping(value = "/wechat" ,method = RequestMethod.POST)public void disposeClientMessage(HttpServletRequest request , HttpServletResponse response ) throws IOException {}

（三）微信客户端与后台进行消息交互（比如，文本，图片，视频，音频）

消息的实体类：

package com.hnu.scw.model;/*** @author scw* @create 2018-01-17 13:37* @desc 对于所有消息的基本父类**/
public class BaseMessage {private String ToUserName;private String FromUserName;private String CreateTime;private String MsgType;public String getToUserName() {return ToUserName;}public void setToUserName(String toUserName) {ToUserName = toUserName;}public String getFromUserName() {return FromUserName;}public void setFromUserName(String fromUserName) {FromUserName = fromUserName;}public String getCreateTime() {return CreateTime;}public void setCreateTime(String createTime) {CreateTime = createTime;}public String getMsgType() {return MsgType;}public void setMsgType(String msgType) {MsgType = msgType;}
}

package com.hnu.scw.model;/*** @author SCW* @create 2018-01-17 15:08* @desc 图片的基本类**/
public class ImageBase {private String MediaId;public String getMediaId() {return MediaId;}public void setMediaId(String mediaId) {MediaId = mediaId;}
}

package com.hnu.scw.model;/*** @author scw* @create 2018-01-17 15:09* @desc 图片消息**/
public class ImageMessage extends BaseMessage {private ImageBase Image ;public ImageBase getImageBase() {return Image;}public void setImageBase(ImageBase Image) {this.Image = Image;}
}

package com.hnu.scw.model;/*** @author Administrator* @create 2018-01-17 16:45* @desc 音乐类型的基本类**/
public class MusicBase {private String Title;private String Description;private String MusicUrl;private String HQMusicUrl;private String ThumbMediaId;public String getTitle() {return Title;}public void setTitle(String title) {Title = title;}public String getDescription() {return Description;}public void setDescription(String description) {Description = description;}public String getMusicUrl() {return MusicUrl;}public void setMusicUrl(String musicUrl) {MusicUrl = musicUrl;}public String getHQMusicUrl() {return HQMusicUrl;}public void setHQMusicUrl(String HQMusicUrl) {this.HQMusicUrl = HQMusicUrl;}public String getThumbMediaId() {return ThumbMediaId;}public void setThumbMediaId(String thumbMediaId) {ThumbMediaId = thumbMediaId;}
}

package com.hnu.scw.model;/*** @author Administrator* @create 2018-01-17 16:46* @desc 用于包装音乐的实体**/
public class MusicMessage extends BaseMessage {private MusicBase Music;public MusicBase getMusic() {return Music;}public void setMusic(MusicBase music) {Music = music;}
}

package com.hnu.scw.model;/*** @author scw* @create 2018-01-17 10:03* @desc 文本消息的内容**/
public class MyTestMessage  extends BaseMessage{private String Content;private String  MsgId;public String getContent() {return Content;}public void setContent(String content) {Content = content;}public String getMsgId() {return MsgId;}public void setMsgId(String msgId) {MsgId = msgId;}
}

package com.hnu.scw.model;/*** @author scw* @create 2018-01-17 13:38* @desc 对于图文消息最内层结构的实体类**/
public class NewsBase {private String Title;private String Description;private String PicUrl;private String Url;public String getTitle() {return Title;}public void setTitle(String title) {Title = title;}public String getDescription() {return Description;}public void setDescription(String description) {Description = description;}public String getPicUrl() {return PicUrl;}public void setPicUrl(String picUrl) {PicUrl = picUrl;}public String getUrl() {return Url;}public void setUrl(String url) {Url = url;}
}

package com.hnu.scw.model;import java.util.List;/*** @author scw* @create 2018-01-17 13:35* @desc 对于图文消息的实体类**/
public class NewsMessage extends BaseMessage{private int ArticleCount;private List<NewsBase> Articles;public int getArticleCount() {return ArticleCount;}public void setArticleCount(int articleCount) {ArticleCount = articleCount;}public List<NewsBase> getArticles() {return Articles;}public void setArticles(List<NewsBase> articles) {Articles = articles;}
}

消息封装工具类：

package com.hnu.scw.utils;
import com.hnu.scw.model.*;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/*** @author scw* @create 2018-01-17 9:52* @desc 用户转换消息的格式**/
public class MessageUtils {/*** 定义多种消息类型*/public static final String MESSAGE_TEXT = "text";public static final String MESSAGE_IMAGE = "image";public static final String MESSAGE_VOICE = "voice";public static final String MESSAGE_MUSIC = "music";public static final String MESSAGE_VIDEO = "video";public static final String MESSAGE_LINK = "link";public static final String MESSAGE_LOCATION = "location";public static final String MESSAGE_EVENT = "event";public static final String MESSAGE_SUBSCRIBE = "subscribe";public static final String MESSAGE_UNSUBSCRIBE = "unsubscribe";public static final String MESSAGE_CLICK = "CLICK";public static final String MESSAGE_VIEW = "VIEW";//扫码事件public static final String MESSAGE_SCANCODE = "scancode_push";/*** XML格式转为map格式* @param request* @return*/public static Map<String , String> xmlToMap(HttpServletRequest request){Map<String ,String> map = new HashMap<String , String>();try {InputStream inputStream =null;inputStream = request.getInputStream();SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();Document doc = reader.read(inputStream);Element rootElement = doc.getRootElement();List<Element> elements = rootElement.elements();for (Element el:elements) {map.put(el.getName() , el.getText());}inputStream.close();return map ;} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();return null ;}}/*** 文本消息对象转为xml格式* @param myTestMessage* @return*/public static String textMessage2Xml(MyTestMessage myTestMessage){XStream xStream = new XStream();xStream.alias("xml" , myTestMessage.getClass());return xStream.toXML(myTestMessage);}/*** 将图文消息对象转化为图文格式的XML* @return*/public static String newsMessage2XML(NewsMessage newsMessage){XStream xStream = new XStream();//将需要修改的一些标签进行替换xStream.alias("xml" , newsMessage.getClass());xStream.alias("item" , new NewsBase().getClass());return xStream.toXML(newsMessage);}/*** 设置需要返回的图文信息* @param fromUserName* @param toUserName* @return*/public static String initNewSMessage(String fromUserName , String toUserName ){String message = null;List<NewsBase> newList = new ArrayList<NewsBase>();NewsMessage newsMessage = new NewsMessage();NewsBase  newsBase = new NewsBase();newsBase.setTitle("我是图文消息");newsBase.setDescription("测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试");newsBase.setPicUrl("https://ss0.bdstatic.com/70cFuHSh_Q1YnxGkpoWK1HF6hhy/it/u=677717294,4155848424&fm=27&gp=0.jpg")newsBase.setUrl("www.baidu.com");//添加图文消息的内容newList.add(newsBase);//注意接受消息和发送消息的顺序要反过来，因为现在是从服务器进行发送了，而客户端是接收端了newsMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName);newsMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName);newsMessage.setCreateTime(String.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis()));newsMessage.setMsgType("news");newsMessage.setArticleCount(newList.size());newsMessage.setArticles(newList);//调用转为图文的XMLreturn MessageUtils.newsMessage2XML(newsMessage);}/*** 设置需要返回的文本信息* @param fromUserName* @param toUserName* @param content* @return*/public static String initText(String fromUserName , String toUserName , String content){MyTestMessage text = new MyTestMessage();//注意接受消息和发送消息的顺序要烦过来text.setFromUserName(toUserName);text.setToUserName(fromUserName);text.setMsgType(MessageUtils.MESSAGE_TEXT);long time = System.currentTimeMillis();text.setCreateTime(String.valueOf(time));text.setContent(content);return MessageUtils.textMessage2Xml(text);}/*** 设置订阅时，返回菜单的内容* @return*/public static String menuText(){StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();stringBuilder.append("菜单1：回复数字1，有惊喜\n");stringBuilder.append("菜单2：回复数字2，有惊喜\n");stringBuilder.append("菜单3：回复数字3，有惊喜\n");stringBuilder.append("菜单4：回复数字3，有惊喜\n");stringBuilder.append("菜单5：回复数字3，有惊喜\n");stringBuilder.append("菜单6：回复数字未知的东东，也还有有惊喜哦\n");return stringBuilder.toString();}/*** 回复关键字"1"的时候的内容* @return*/public static String inputNumber1(){StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();stringBuilder.append("我是惊喜111，哈哈，惊喜不惊喜！");return stringBuilder.toString();}/*** 回复关键字"2"的时候的内容* @return*/public static String inputNumber2(){StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();stringBuilder.append("我是惊喜2222，哈哈，惊喜不惊喜！");return stringBuilder.toString();}/*** 返回图片消息(对于视频和音频都是一样的方式，只需要更改类型即可，即将Image修改为video，voice)* @param fromUserName* @param toUserName* @return*/public static String initImageMessage(String fromUserName , String toUserName ){ImageBase imageBase = new ImageBase();//这个media_Id是在之前执行过上传图片返回得到的信息imageBase.setMediaId("HK17wQmCupESK4B9u14PqI4w3gtteXhUtGgriJW6G5c8O-Y0OsjGbYfQYhGDbYDx");ImageMessage imageMessage = new ImageMessage();imageMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName);imageMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName);imageMessage.setMsgType(MessageUtils.MESSAGE_IMAGE);long time = System.currentTimeMillis();imageMessage.setCreateTime(String.valueOf(time));imageMessage.setImageBase(imageBase);return imageMessage2XML(imageMessage);}/*** 将图片消息对象转化为图片格式的XML* @return*/public static String imageMessage2XML(ImageMessage imageMessage){XStream xStream = new XStream();//将需要修改的一些标签进行替换xStream.alias("xml" , imageMessage.getClass());xStream.alias("Image" , new ImageBase().getClass());return xStream.toXML(imageMessage);}/*** 将音乐消息对象转化为图片格式的XML* @return*/public static String musicMessage2XML(MusicMessage musicMessage){XStream xStream = new XStream();//将需要修改的一些标签进行替换xStream.alias("xml" , musicMessage.getClass());xStream.alias("Music" , new MusicBase().getClass());return xStream.toXML(musicMessage);}/*** 返回音乐消息* @param fromUserName* @param toUserName* @return*/public static String initMusicMessage(String fromUserName , String toUserName ){MusicBase musicBase = new MusicBase();//这个ThumbMediaId是在之前执行过上传缩略图返回得到的信息（这个和上传图片的方法是一样的，都是调用pictureUtils中的上传方法）musicBase.setThumbMediaId("vJOi5E4_U91onQnsayPdkzxted6ZctEAEzcoLd3BJ8a00gJLuhEmTckF6S2XkS5R");musicBase.setTitle("来一首音乐");musicBase.setDescription("静静的听首歌吧！");//设置高质量音质的歌曲路径，可以和一般音质音乐的路径一样musicBase.setHQMusicUrl("http://myjava.ngrok.xiaomiqiu.cn/resource/mymusic.mp3");//设置音乐的路径musicBase.setMusicUrl("http://myjava.ngrok.xiaomiqiu.cn/resource/mymusic.mp3");MusicMessage musicMessage = new MusicMessage();musicMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName);musicMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName);//设置类型为音乐musicMessage.setMsgType(MessageUtils.MESSAGE_MUSIC);long time = System.currentTimeMillis();musicMessage.setCreateTime(String.valueOf(time));musicMessage.setMusic(musicBase);return musicMessage2XML(musicMessage);}
}

交互主类：

package com.hnu.scw.controller;
import com.hnu.scw.utils.CheckConnectUtils;
import com.hnu.scw.utils.MessageUtils;
import com.hnu.scw.utils.WeiXinUserInfoUtiols;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Map;
/*** @author scw* @create 2018-01-18 11:38* @desc 微信前端连接的主要控制类**/
@Controller
public class WeChatDogPrimaryController {/*** 进行微信用户验证,只能是Get方法* @param request* @param response*/@RequestMapping(value = "/wechat" ,method = RequestMethod.GET)public void connectValidate(HttpServletRequest request , HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {String signature = request.getParameter("signature");String timestamp = request.getParameter("timestamp");String nonce = request.getParameter("nonce");String echostr = request.getParameter("echostr");System.out.println(""+signature +"@"+timestamp +"$"+nonce +"^"+echostr);PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();if(CheckConnectUtils.checkConncetWithWeChat(signature,timestamp,nonce)){out.print(echostr);}}/*** 客户端进行的消息处理* @param request* @param response*/@RequestMapping(value = "/wechat" ,method = RequestMethod.POST)public void disposeClientMessage(HttpServletRequest request , HttpServletResponse response ) throws IOException {backTestFunction(request , response );}/*** 文字回复功能开发* @param request* @param response* @throws ServletException* @throws IOException*/public void backTestFunction(HttpServletRequest request , HttpServletResponse response ) throws IOException {//防止进行post提交和响应的消息乱码request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");response.setHeader("Content-type", "text/html;charset=UTF-8");response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();try{//将发送过来的消息XML形式转为map内容Map<String , String> map = MessageUtils.xmlToMap(request);String fromUserName = map.get("FromUserName");String toUserName = map.get("ToUserName");String msgType = map.get("MsgType");String content = map.get("Content");String message = null ;if(MessageUtils.MESSAGE_TEXT.equals(msgType)){//进行关键字回复功能if("1".equals(content)){message = MessageUtils.initText(fromUserName,toUserName,MessageUtils.inputNumber1());}else if("2".equals(content)){message = MessageUtils.initText(fromUserName,toUserName,MessageUtils.inputNumber2());}else if("3".equals(content)){//客户端输入“3”，返回一条图文消息message = MessageUtils.initNewSMessage(fromUserName,toUserName);}else if("4".equals(content)){//客户端输入“4”，返回一条图片消息message = MessageUtils.initImageMessage(fromUserName,toUserName);}else if("5".equals(content)){//客户端输入“5”，返回一首音乐消息message = MessageUtils.initMusicMessage(fromUserName,toUserName);}else if("6".equals(content)){//测试是否能够获取用户的信息message = MessageUtils.initText(fromUserName,toUserName, WeiXinUserInfoUtiols.getUserInfo(fromUserName));}else if(content.startsWith("翻译")){//客户端输入“以翻译开头”，返回对应的翻译信息/*String translateResult = TranslationUtils.translate(content.substring(2,content.length()));message = MessageUtils.initText(fromUserName,toUserName , translateResult);*/}else {message = MessageUtils.initText(fromUserName,toUserName,"你发送的消息是:" + content);}}else if(MessageUtils.MESSAGE_EVENT.equals(msgType)){String eventType = map.get("Event");//完成订阅时候返回的内容if(MessageUtils.MESSAGE_SUBSCRIBE .equals(eventType)){message = MessageUtils.initText(fromUserName,toUserName , MessageUtils.menuText());}else if(MessageUtils.MESSAGE_CLICK .equals(eventType)){//进行的是click按钮的点击事件（这里就推送一下主菜单内容）message = MessageUtils.initText(fromUserName,toUserName , MessageUtils.menuText());}else if(MessageUtils.MESSAGE_VIEW .equals(eventType)){//进行的是view按钮的点击事件（这里就推送一下主菜单内容）String viewUrl = map.get("EventKey");message = MessageUtils.initText(fromUserName,toUserName , viewUrl);}else if(MessageUtils.MESSAGE_SCANCODE .equals(eventType)) {//进行的是扫码事件String key = map.get("EventKey");message = MessageUtils.initText(fromUserName,toUserName , key);}}else if(MessageUtils.MESSAGE_LOCATION .equals(msgType)) {//进行的是地理位置信息String label = map.get("Label");message = MessageUtils.initText(fromUserName,toUserName , label);}//打印输出的xml格式内容，方便进行调试System.out.println(message);out.print(message);}catch (Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}finally {out.close();}}
}

（四）获取Access_Token

Access_Token是一个全局的票据，调用任何的高级接口，都需要这个，所以这个非常非常的重要

具体代码：

package com.hnu.scw.utils;
import com.hnu.scw.menu.BaseButton;
import com.hnu.scw.menu.ClickButton;
import com.hnu.scw.menu.CustomeMenu;
import com.hnu.scw.menu.ViewButton;
import com.hnu.scw.model.AccessToken;
import com.hnu.scw.projectconst.ProjectConst;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;/*** @author scw* @create 2018-01-17 14:13* @desc 用户获取access_token,众号调用各接口时都需使用access_token**/
public class WeiXinUtils {/*** 微信公众号的APPID和Appsecret，这个是每个微信公众号都唯一的，以后配置不同的公众号配置这里即可*/private static final String APPID = "自己公众号对应的内容";private static final String APPSECRET = "自己公众号对应的内容";//获取access_token的URLprivate static final String ACCESS_TOKEN_URL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=APPID&secret=APPSECRET";//进行创建菜单的接口URLprivate static final String CREATE_MENU_URL ="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/menu/create?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN";//菜单查询的接口URLprivate static final String QUERY_MENU_URL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/menu/get?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN";//菜单删除的接口URLprivate static final String DELETE_MENU_URL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/menu/delete?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN";/*** Get请求，方便到一个url接口来获取结果* @param url* @return*/public static JSONObject doGetStr(String url){DefaultHttpClient defaultHttpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);JSONObject jsonObject = null;try{HttpResponse response = defaultHttpClient.execute(httpGet);HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();if(entity != null){String result = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(result);}} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}return jsonObject;}/*** 带参数的post请求，方便到一个url接口来获取结果* @param url* @param outStr* @return*/public static JSONObject doPostStr(String url , String outStr)  {DefaultHttpClient defaultHttpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);JSONObject jsonObject = null;try {httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(outStr , "UTF-8"));HttpResponse response = defaultHttpClient.execute(httpPost);HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();if(entity != null){String result = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(result);}} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}return jsonObject;}/*** 获取access_token* @return*/public static AccessToken getAccessToken(){AccessToken accessToken = new AccessToken();String url = ACCESS_TOKEN_URL.replace("APPID" ,APPID).replace("APPSECRET",APPSECRET);JSONObject jsonObject = doGetStr(url);if(jsonObject !=null){accessToken.setToken(jsonObject.getString("access_token"));accessToken.setExpireIn(jsonObject.getLong("expires_in"));}return accessToken;}

测试是否成功获取：

package com.hnu.scw.test;
import com.hnu.scw.model.AccessToken;
import com.hnu.scw.utils.WeiXinAccessTokenKeepAlive;
import com.hnu.scw.utils.WeiXinUtils;
import org.junit.Test;
/*** @author scw* @create 2018-01-18 15:21* @desc 用于对Access_token内容相关的测试**/
public class AccessTokenTest {/*** 获取到Access_Token，这个对于要想使用其他的微信接口，就必须要有这个进行验证*/@Testpublic void getAccssTokenTest(){AccessToken accessToken = WeiXinUtils.getAccessToken();System.out.println("token:" +accessToken.getToken());System.out.println("有效时间:" +accessToken.getExpireIn());}
}

（五）自定义菜单

下面的代码，就接着（四）中的类写就可以了，因为都属于微信开发的工具类

步骤：

（1）创建菜单按钮的实体对象类

BaseButton:

package com.hnu.scw.menu;
/*** @author scw* @create 2018-01-17 17:20* @desc 最基础的Button**/
public class BaseButton {private String type;private String name;//子按钮（也可以理解为二级菜单）private BaseButton[] sub_button;public String getType() {return type;}public void setType(String type) {this.type = type;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public BaseButton[] getSub_button() {return sub_button;}public void setSub_button(BaseButton[] sub_button) {this.sub_button = sub_button;}
}

clickButton：

package com.hnu.scw.menu;
/*** @author Administrator* @create 2018-01-17 17:21* @desc Click类型的Button实体**/
public class ClickButton extends BaseButton {private String key;public String getKey() {return key;}public void setKey(String key) {this.key = key;}
}

viewButton：

package com.hnu.scw.menu;
/*** @author scw* @create 2018-01-17 17:22* @desc 类型是View的按钮实体**/
public class ViewButton extends BaseButton{private String url;public String getUrl() {return url;}public void setUrl(String url) {this.url = url;}
}

CustomerMenu菜单定义：

package com.hnu.scw.menu;
/*** @author scw* @create 2018-01-17 17:23* @desc 自定义菜单的实体**/
public class CustomeMenu {//对菜单按钮进行封装private BaseButton[] button;public BaseButton[] getButton() {return button;}public void setButton(BaseButton[] button) {this.button = button;}
}

（2）调用接口，进行菜单的创建

 /*** 设置菜单的形式* @return*/public static CustomeMenu initMenu(){CustomeMenu customeMenu = new CustomeMenu();ClickButton clickButton = new ClickButton();clickButton.setName("click菜单");clickButton.setType("click");clickButton.setKey("01");ViewButton viewButton = new ViewButton();viewButton.setName("view菜单");viewButton.setType("view");viewButton.setUrl("需要访问的地址");ClickButton clickButton2 = new ClickButton();clickButton2.setName("扫码事件的click菜单");clickButton2.setType("scancode_push");clickButton2.setKey("02");ClickButton clickButton3 = new ClickButton();clickButton3.setName("地理位置的click菜单");clickButton3.setType("location_select");clickButton3.setKey("03");BaseButton baseButton = new BaseButton();baseButton.setName("菜单");//将clickButton2,clickButton3作为一个子菜单中的按钮baseButton.setSub_button(new BaseButton[]{clickButton2,clickButton3});//把按钮分别放入到菜单中customeMenu.setButton(new BaseButton[]{clickButton,viewButton,baseButton});return customeMenu;}/*** 创建自定义菜单* @param token* @param menu* @return*/public static int createMenu(String token , String menu){int result = 0;String url = CREATE_MENU_URL.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN" ,token);JSONObject jsonObject = doPostStr(url, menu);if(jsonObject != null){//接受返回回来的参数，如果是0，就是创建成功result = jsonObject.getInt("errcode");}return result;}/*** 对菜单进行查询* @param token* @return*/public static JSONObject queryMenu(String token){String url = QUERY_MENU_URL.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN" ,token);JSONObject jsonObject = doGetStr(url);return jsonObject;}/*** 对菜单进行删除* @param token* @return*/public static JSONObject deleteMenu(String token){String url = DELETE_MENU_URL.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN" ,token);JSONObject jsonObject = doGetStr(url);return jsonObject;}

（3）生成菜单

package com.hnu.scw.test;
import com.hnu.scw.model.AccessToken;
import com.hnu.scw.utils.WeiXinUtils;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
import org.junit.Test;
/*** @author scw* @create 2018-01-18 15:21* @desc 菜单相关的测试**/
public class MenuTest {/*** 创建菜单*/@Testpublic void creatMenuTest(){//获取到access_tokenAccessToken accessToken = WeiXinUtils.getAccessToken();//获取到自定义菜单的格式（JSONObject将对象转为json，然后再需要转为字符串型）String menu = JSONObject.fromObject(WeiXinUtils.initMenu()).toString();//调用创建菜单int result = WeiXinUtils.createMenu(accessToken.getToken(), menu);if(result == 0){//如果调用方法之后，返回的是0，那么就表示创建成功。System.out.println("创建成功");}else{System.out.println("创建失败");}}/*** 查询菜单*/@Testpublic void queryMenuTest(){//获取到access_tokenAccessToken accessToken = WeiXinUtils.getAccessToken();//调用菜单查询的方法，返回是的一个Json格式JSONObject jsonObject = WeiXinUtils.queryMenu(accessToken.getToken());System.out.println(jsonObject);}/*** 删除菜单*/@Testpublic void deleteMenuTest(){//获取到access_tokenAccessToken accessToken = WeiXinUtils.getAccessToken();//调用菜单查询的方法，返回是的一个Json格式JSONObject jsonObject = WeiXinUtils.deleteMenu(accessToken.getToken());if(jsonObject.getInt("errcode") == 0){//返回0，表示的是删除成功System.out.println("删除成功");}else{System.out.println("删除失败");}}
}

上面就是一些基本的微信公众号的交互了，刚刚接触可能不是很熟，慢慢的就了解了之后，其实也很简单的，当然，对于其中的一些高级接口的使用，可以看看我其他的文章，都有提到。。如果有问题，不明白的地方，欢迎进行交流和留言~！另外，推荐了比较好的学习资源，就是慕课网，这里面对于比较基础的微信公众号开发还是讲解的比较好，再结合我的文章，肯定是没有任何问题的。。。。