Mac上基于pyenv管理Python多版本的最佳实践

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首先声明，你可以选择使用 Homebrew 来安装pyenv。我这里主要是想和我 Linux 设备上一致，所以选择使用脚本来安装pyenv。

准备安装脚本

这个安装的脚本来源于官方的的github仓库。

关于安装脚本的解读请看《pyenv 安装脚本解读》。

pyenv-installer.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bashset -e
[ -n "$PYENV_DEBUG" ] && set -xif [ -z "$PYENV_ROOT" ]; thenif [ -z "$HOME" ]; thenprintf "$0: %s\n" \"Either \$PYENV_ROOT or \$HOME must be set to determine the install location." \>&2exit 1fiexport PYENV_ROOT="${HOME}/.pyenv"
ficolorize() {if [ -t 1 ]; then printf "\e[%sm%s\e[m" "$1" "$2"else echo -n "$2"fi
}# Checks for `.pyenv` file, and suggests to remove it for installing
if [ -d "${PYENV_ROOT}" ]; then{ echocolorize 1 "WARNING"echo ": Can not proceed with installation. Kindly remove the '${PYENV_ROOT}' directory first."echo} >&2exit 1
fifailed_checkout() {echo "Failed to git clone $1"exit -1
}checkout() {[ -d "$2" ] || git -c advice.detachedHead=0 clone --branch "$3" --depth 1 "$1" "$2" || failed_checkout "$1"
}if ! command -v git 1>/dev/null 2>&1; thenecho "pyenv: Git is not installed, can't continue." >&2exit 1
fi# Check ssh authentication if USE_SSH is present
if [ -n "${USE_SSH}" ]; thenif ! command -v ssh 1>/dev/null 2>&1; thenecho "pyenv: configuration USE_SSH found but ssh is not installed, can't continue." >&2exit 1fi# `ssh -T git@github.com' returns 1 on success# See https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/testing-your-ssh-connectionssh -T git@github.com 1>/dev/null 2>&1 || EXIT_CODE=$?if [[ ${EXIT_CODE} != 1 ]]; thenecho "pyenv: github ssh authentication failed."echoecho "In order to use the ssh connection option, you need to have an ssh key set up."echo "Please generate an ssh key by using ssh-keygen, or follow the instructions at the following URL for more information:"echoecho "> https://docs.github.com/en/repositories/creating-and-managing-repositories/troubleshooting-cloning-errors#check-your-ssh-access"echoecho "Once you have an ssh key set up, try running the command again."exit 1fi
fiif [ -n "${USE_SSH}" ]; thenGITHUB="git@github.com:"
elseGITHUB="https://github.com/"
ficheckout "${GITHUB}pyenv/pyenv.git"            "${PYENV_ROOT}"                           "${PYENV_GIT_TAG:-master}"
checkout "${GITHUB}pyenv/pyenv-doctor.git"     "${PYENV_ROOT}/plugins/pyenv-doctor"      "master"
checkout "${GITHUB}pyenv/pyenv-update.git"     "${PYENV_ROOT}/plugins/pyenv-update"      "master"
checkout "${GITHUB}pyenv/pyenv-virtualenv.git" "${PYENV_ROOT}/plugins/pyenv-virtualenv"  "master"if ! command -v pyenv 1>/dev/null; then{ echocolorize 1 "WARNING"echo ": seems you still have not added 'pyenv' to the load path."echo} >&2{ # Without args, `init` commands print installation help"${PYENV_ROOT}/bin/pyenv" init || true"${PYENV_ROOT}/bin/pyenv" virtualenv-init || true} >&2
fi

执行安装脚本

# 使用ssh链接github下载源代码
export USE_SSH=1
# 自定义安装路径
export PYENV_ROOT=~/app/pyenv
sh ./pyenv-installer.sh

配置环境变量

# vim .zshrc
# pyenv
export PYENV_ROOT=~/app/pyenv
export PATH=$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH
eval "$(pyenv init --path)"
eval "$(pyenv init -)"
eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)"

一些常用的指令

source .zshrc# 查看当前使用的 Python 版本
pyenv version# 列出 pyenv 支持的所有版本，从 Python 2.x 到最新的 Python 版本，包括那些尚未安装的
pyenv install --list# 安装 Python 环境 
pyenv install -v 3.10.16
# 生成虚拟环境
pyenv virtualenv 3.10.16 testenv
# pyenv versions 查看环境列表# 查看当前的虚拟环境列表
pyenv virtualenvs# 激活虚拟环境
pyenv activate testenv
# 退出虚拟环境
pyenv deactivate# 另一种激活和退出的方法
# 使用 source 命令激活环境 
source ~/app/pyenv/versions/3.10.16/envs/myenv/bin/activate
# 使用 deactivate 命令退出环境
deactivate# 删除指定的(虚拟)环境，跳过确认
pyenv uninstall -f testenv  # 删除虚拟环境