一、 memcpy使⽤和模拟实现

void * memcpy ( void * destination, const void * source, size_t num );

• 函数memcpy从source的位置开始向后复制num个字节的数据到destination指向的内存位置。

• 这个函数在遇到 ‘\0’ 的时候并不会停下来。

• 如果source和destination有任何的重叠，复制的结果都是未定义的。

#include <stdio.h>#include <string.h>int main()
{int arr1[] = { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 };int arr2[10] = { 0 };memcpy(arr2, arr1, 20);int i = 0;for (i = 0; i < 10; i++){printf("%d ", arr2[i]);}return 0;
}

对于重叠的内存，交给memmove来处理。
memcpy函数的模拟实现:

void * memcpy ( void * dst, const void * src, size_t count)
{void * ret = dst;assert(dst);assert(src);/** copy from lower addresses to higher addresses*/while (count--) {*(char *)dst = *(char *)src;dst = (char *)dst + 1;src = (char *)src + 1;}return(ret);
}

二、memmove使⽤和模拟实现

void * memmove ( void * destination, const void * source, size_t num );

• 和memcpy的差别就是memmove函数处理的源内存块和⽬标内存块是可以重叠的。

• 如果源空间和⽬标空间出现重叠，就得使⽤memmove函数处理。

#include <stdio.h>#include <string.h>int main()
{int arr1[] = { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 };memmove(arr1+2, arr1, 20);int i = 0;for (i = 0; i < 10; i++){printf("%d ", arr1[i]);}return 0;
}

输出的结果：

1 2 1 2 3 4 5 8 9 10

memmove的模拟实现：

void * memmove ( void * dst, const void * src, size_t count)
{void * ret = dst;if (dst <= src || (char *)dst >= ((char *)src + count)) {/** Non-Overlapping Buffers* copy from lower addresses to higher addresses*/while (count--) {*(char *)dst = *(char *)src;dst = (char *)dst + 1;src = (char *)src + 1;}}else {/** Overlapping Buffers* copy from higher addresses to lower addresses*/dst = (char *)dst + count - 1;src = (char *)src + count - 1;while (count--) {*(char *)dst = *(char *)src;dst = (char *)dst - 1;src = (char *)src - 1;}}return(ret);
}

三、memset函数的使⽤

void * memset ( void * ptr, int value, size_t num );

memset是⽤来设置内存的，将内存中的值以字节为单位设置成想要的内容。

#include <stdio.h>#include <string.h>int main ()
{char str[] = "hello world";memset (str,'x',6);printf(str);return 0;
}

输出的结果：

xxxxxxworld

四、memcmp函数的使⽤

int memcmp ( const void * ptr1, const void * ptr2, size_t num );

• ⽐较从ptr1和ptr2指针指向的位置开始，向后的num个字节er

• 返回值如下：

#include <stdio.h>#include <string.h>int main()
{char buffer1[] = "DWgaOtP12df0";char buffer2[] = "DWGAOTP12DF0";int n;n = memcmp(buffer1, buffer2, sizeof(buffer1));if (n > 0) printf("'%s' is greater than '%s'.\n", buffer1, buffer2);else if (n < 0) printf("'%s' is less than '%s'.\n", buffer1, buffer2);else printf("'%s' is the same as '%s'.\n", buffer1, buffer2);return 0;
}