在Spring Boot项目中使用Zookeeper和Curator实现高效、可靠的分布式锁

要在 Spring Boot 项目中使用 Zookeeper 和 Curator 实现高效、可靠的分布式锁，可以参考以下步骤和优化建议：

1. 引入依赖

在 pom.xml 中添加 Curator 和 Zookeeper 相关依赖：

<dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.apache.curator</groupId><artifactId>curator-framework</artifactId><version>5.1.0</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.apache.curator</groupId><artifactId>curator-recipes</artifactId><version>5.1.0</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId><artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId><version>3.8.0</version></dependency>
</dependencies>

2. 配置 Zookeeper 连接

在 application.yml 中配置 Zookeeper 连接字符串：

zookeeper:connect-string: localhost:2181

3. 配置 Curator 客户端

创建一个配置类来初始化 Curator 客户端：

import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFramework;
import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFrameworkFactory;
import org.apache.curator.retry.RetryNTimes;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@Configuration
public class ZookeeperConfig {@Value("${zookeeper.connect-string}")private String connectString;@Bean(initMethod = "start", destroyMethod = "close")public CuratorFramework curatorFramework() {return CuratorFrameworkFactory.builder().connectString(connectString).sessionTimeoutMs(5000).retryPolicy(new RetryNTimes(3, 5000)).build();}
}

4. 实现分布式锁服务

创建一个服务类来封装分布式锁的获取和释放逻辑，并进行一些优化：

import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFramework;
import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.locks.InterProcessMutex;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;@Service
public class DistributedLockService {private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DistributedLockService.class);@Autowiredprivate CuratorFramework curatorFramework;// 重试获取锁的次数private static final int MAX_RETRIES = 3;// 每次重试的间隔时间private static final int RETRY_INTERVAL_MS = 1000;// 获取分布式锁public boolean acquireLock(String lockPath, int timeout, TimeUnit timeUnit) {InterProcessMutex lock = new InterProcessMutex(curatorFramework, lockPath);for (int i = 0; i < MAX_RETRIES; i++) {try {if (lock.acquire(timeout, timeUnit)) {logger.info("成功获取分布式锁，锁路径: {}", lockPath);return true;}} catch (Exception e) {logger.error("获取分布式锁失败，尝试重试，锁路径: {}", lockPath, e);}try {TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(RETRY_INTERVAL_MS);} catch (InterruptedException e) {logger.error("重试间隔被中断", e);Thread.currentThread().interrupt();}}logger.warn("经过多次重试仍无法获取分布式锁，锁路径: {}", lockPath);return false;}// 释放分布式锁public void releaseLock(String lockPath) {InterProcessMutex lock = new InterProcessMutex(curatorFramework, lockPath);try {lock.release();logger.info("成功释放分布式锁，锁路径: {}", lockPath);} catch (Exception e) {logger.error("释放分布式锁失败，锁路径: {}", lockPath, e);}}
}

5. 使用分布式锁

在需要使用分布式锁的地方注入 DistributedLockService 并调用相应方法：

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestController
public class DistributedLockUsageController {@Autowiredprivate DistributedLockService distributedLockService;@GetMapping("/protected-operation")public String protectedOperation(@RequestParam String lockPath) {int timeout = 10;TimeUnit timeUnit = TimeUnit.SECONDS;if (distributedLockService.acquireLock(lockPath, timeout, timeUnit)) {try {// 这里放置需要同步执行的业务逻辑return "成功获取锁并执行了受保护的操作";} finally {distributedLockService.releaseLock(lockPath);}} else {return "无法获取锁，操作被拒绝";}}
}