先申请公众号的测试账号:微信公众平台
在关注者与公众号产生消息交互后,公众号可获得关注者的OpenID(加密后的微信号,每个用户对每个公众号的OpenID是唯一的。对于不同公众号,同一用户的openid不同)。公众号可通过本接口来根据OpenID获取用户基本信息,包括昵称、头像、性别、所在城市、语言和关注时间。
请注意,如果开发者有在多个公众号,或在公众号、移动应用之间统一用户帐号的需求,需要前往微信开放平台(open.weixin.qq.com)绑定公众号后,才可利用UnionID机制来满足上述需求。
重点:想获取用户的unionID,就需要将这个测试公众号,配置到微信开放平台
url:填写后点击提交微信会请求,所以你项目需要先部署,并且微信服务器可以访问到
token:随便填写,代码中会使用到
@RequestMapping("/weChatCallBack")public String weChatCallBack(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {String msgSignature = request.getParameter("signature");String msgTimestamp = request.getParameter("timestamp");String msgNonce = request.getParameter("nonce");String echostr = request.getParameter("echostr");String encrypt = request.getParameter("encrypt");if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(echostr)) {//第一次填写回调地址使用,回调地址通过,后面微信就不会请求了if (WXPublicUtils.verifyUrl(msgSignature, msgTimestamp, msgNonce, encrypt)) {return echostr;}} else {//这个是处理逻辑String msg = weChatService.weChatCallBack(request);}return "success";}
验证过程
/*** 验证Token** @param msgSignature 签名串,对应URL参数的signature* @param timeStamp 时间戳,对应URL参数的timestamp* @param nonce 随机数* @return 是否为安全签名* @throws AesException 执行失败,请查看该异常的错误码和具体的错误信息*/public static boolean verifyUrl(String msgSignature, String timeStamp, String nonce, String encrypt)throws AesException {// 这里的 WXPublicConstants.TOKEN 填写你自己设置的Token就可以了String signature = SHA1Util.getSHA1("此处填写你在页面中的token", timeStamp, nonce, encrypt);if (!signature.equals(msgSignature)) {throw new AesException(AesException.ValidateSignatureError);}return true;}/*** 用SHA1算法生成安全签名** @param token 票据* @param timestamp 时间戳* @param nonce 随机字符串* @param encrypt 密文* @return 安全签名*/public static String getSHA1(String token, String timestamp, String nonce, String encrypt) throws AesException {try {String[] array = new String[]{token, timestamp, nonce};StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();// 字符串排序Arrays.sort(array);for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {sb.append(array[i]);}String str = sb.toString();// SHA1签名生成MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");md.update(str.getBytes());byte[] digest = md.digest();StringBuffer hexstr = new StringBuffer();String shaHex = "";for (int i = 0; i < digest.length; i++) {shaHex = Integer.toHexString(digest[i] & 0xFF);if (shaHex.length() < 2) {hexstr.append(0);}hexstr.append(shaHex);}return hexstr.toString();} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();throw new AesException(AesException.ComputeSignatureError);}}public class AesException extends Exception {public final static int OK = 0;public final static int ValidateSignatureError = -40001;public final static int ParseXmlError = -40002;public final static int ComputeSignatureError = -40003;public final static int IllegalAesKey = -40004;public final static int ValidateAppidError = -40005;public final static int EncryptAESError = -40006;public final static int DecryptAESError = -40007;public final static int IllegalBuffer = -40008;private int code;private static String getMessage(int code) {switch (code) {case ValidateSignatureError:return "签名验证错误";case ParseXmlError:return "xml解析失败";case ComputeSignatureError:return "sha加密生成签名失败";case IllegalAesKey:return "SymmetricKey非法";case ValidateAppidError:return "appid校验失败";case EncryptAESError:return "aes加密失败";case DecryptAESError:return "aes解密失败";case IllegalBuffer:return "解密后得到的buffer非法";default:return null; // cannot be}}public int getCode() {return code;}public AesException(int code) {super(getMessage(code));this.code = code;}}
这个是微信回调
public String weChatCallBack(HttpServletRequest request) {// 获得微信端返回的xml数据StringBuilder returnXml = new StringBuilder();Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>(8);try (InputStream is = request.getInputStream(); InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is, StandardCharsets.UTF_8); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr)) {String str;while ((str = br.readLine()) != null) {//返回的是xml数据returnXml.append(str);}log.info("微信传来消息:{}", returnXml.toString());map = WXPublicUtils.xmlToMap(returnXml.toString());} catch (Exception e) {log.error("处理微信公众号请求信息,失败", e);}// 区分消息类型String msgType = map.get("MsgType");// 普通消息if ("text".equals(msgType)) {// 暂不开发 处理文本消息} else if ("image".equals(msgType)) {// 暂不开发 处理图片消息} else if ("voice".equals(msgType)) {// 暂不开发 处理语音消息} else if ("video".equals(msgType)) {// 暂不开发 处理视频消息} else if ("shortvideo".equals(msgType)) {// 暂不开发 处理小视频消息} else if ("location".equals(msgType)) {// 暂不开发 处理地理位置消息} else if ("link".equals(msgType)) {// 暂不开发 处理链接消息}// 事件推送else if ("event".equals(msgType)) {// 事件消息String event = map.get("Event");//带参数的二维码中的参数 scene_6ba76c65-7825-4507-a79c-84260ca1f087String eventKey = map.get("EventKey");String openId = map.get("FromUserName");if (eventKey.startsWith(Consts.QRSCENE)) {eventKey = eventKey.split("_")[1];}//根据openId换subscribe信息String jdbAppId = "微信appid";String accessToken = "获取微信accessToken";WeChatSubscribe subscribe = weChatApi.isSubscribeByOpenId(accessToken, openId);if ("subscribe".equals(event)) {log.info("订阅事件或未关注扫描二维码事件");} else if ("unsubscribe".equals(event)) { // 取消订阅事件log.info("处理取消订阅事件,暂时不做任何处理");} else if ("SCAN".equals(event)) {log.info("已关注扫描二维码事件");} else if ("LOCATION".equals(event)) {// 暂不开发 处理上报地理位置事件} else if ("CLICK".equals(event)) {// 暂不开发 处理点击菜单拉取消息时的事件推送事件} else if ("VIEW".equals(event)) {// 暂不开发 处理点击菜单跳转链接时的事件推送}}return "success";}/*** XML格式字符串转换为Map** @param strXML XML字符串* @return XML数据转换后的Map* @throws Exception*/public static Map<String, String> xmlToMap(String strXML) throws Exception {try {Map<String, String> data = new HashMap<>();DocumentBuilderFactory documentBuilderFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();DocumentBuilder documentBuilder = documentBuilderFactory.newDocumentBuilder();InputStream stream = new ByteArrayInputStream(strXML.getBytes("UTF-8"));Document doc = documentBuilder.parse(stream);doc.getDocumentElement().normalize();NodeList nodeList = doc.getDocumentElement().getChildNodes();for (int idx = 0; idx < nodeList.getLength(); ++idx) {Node node = nodeList.item(idx);if (node.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {org.w3c.dom.Element element = (org.w3c.dom.Element) node;data.put(element.getNodeName(), element.getTextContent());}}try {stream.close();} catch (Exception ex) {// do nothing}return data;} catch (Exception ex) {log.warn("Invalid XML, can not convert to map. Error message: {}. XML content: {}", ex.getMessage(), strXML);throw ex;}}/*** 将Map转换为XML格式的字符串** @param data Map类型数据* @return XML格式的字符串* @throws Exception*/public static String mapToXml(Map<String, String> data) throws Exception {DocumentBuilderFactory documentBuilderFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();DocumentBuilder documentBuilder = documentBuilderFactory.newDocumentBuilder();Document document = documentBuilder.newDocument();Element root = document.createElement("xml");document.appendChild(root);for (String key : data.keySet()) {String value = data.get(key);if (value == null) {value = "";}value = value.trim();Element filed = document.createElement(key);filed.appendChild(document.createTextNode(value));root.appendChild(filed);}TransformerFactory tf = TransformerFactory.newInstance();Transformer transformer = tf.newTransformer();DOMSource source = new DOMSource(document);transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING, "UTF-8");transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes");StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();StreamResult result = new StreamResult(writer);transformer.transform(source, result);String output = writer.getBuffer().toString(); //.replaceAll("\n|\r", "");try {writer.close();} catch (Exception ex) {}return output;}