1.对象存储概述
文件上传，是指将本地图片、视频、音频等文件上传到服务器上，可以供其他用户浏览或下载的过程。文件上传在项目中应用非常广泛，我们经常发抖音、发朋友圈都用到了文件上传功能。
实现文件上传服务，需要有存储的支持，解决方案有以下几种：
| 存储方式 | 优点 | 缺点 |
|---|---|---|
| 直接保存到硬盘 | 开发便捷，成本低 | 扩容困难 |
| 分布式文件系统 | 容易实现扩容 | 开发复杂，需要成熟产品支持 |
| 第三方存储服务 | 开发简单，强大功能， 免维护 | 付费 |
2.阿里云对象存储OSS
阿里云登录 - 欢迎登录阿里云，安全稳定的云计算服务平台欢迎登录阿里云，全球领先的云计算及人工智能科技公司，阿里云为200多个国家和地区的企业、开发者和政府机构提供云计算基础服务及解决方案。阿里云云计算、安全、大数据、人工智能、企业应用、物联网等云计算服务。
2.1 阿里云对象存储OSS配置
2.1.1 创建OSS Bucket
登录阿里云控制台，申请ECS服务器、申请对象存储OSS、在OSS管理页面创建一个Bucket，Bucket是存储空间的容器，类似于文件夹。选择Bucket的地域、访问权限等设置。
2.1.2 获取AccessKey
在阿里云控制台获取AccessKey ID和AccessKey Secret，这是访问OSS的凭证。
2.2 项目中使用对象存储OSS
2.2.1 配置AccessKey ID和AccessKey Secret
sky:alioss:endpoint: oss-cn-chengdu.aliyuncs.comaccess-key-secret: B4CZYBn9zyoKjQzdN5sQNvdxaWJSuyaccess-key-id: LTAI5tAKNiTtEJaPdE3omMi3bucket-name: luobeilearn2.2.2 配置配置类
@Configuration
@Slf4j
public class OssConfiguration {@Bean@ConditionalOnMissingBeanpublic AliOssUtil aliOssUtil(AliOssProperties aliOssProperties){log.info("开始上传阿里云文件上传工具类对象：{}",aliOssProperties);return new AliOssUtil(aliOssProperties.getEndpoint(),aliOssProperties.getAccessKeyId(),aliOssProperties.getAccessKeySecret(),aliOssProperties.getBucketName());}
}2.2.3 创建阿里云属性类
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "sky.alioss")
@Data
public class AliOssProperties {private String endpoint;private String accessKeyId;private String accessKeySecret;private String bucketName;}2.2.4 创建工具类
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Slf4j
public class AliOssUtil {private String endpoint;private String accessKeyId;private String accessKeySecret;private String bucketName;/*** 文件上传** @param bytes* @param objectName* @return*/public String upload(byte[] bytes, String objectName) {// 创建OSSClient实例。OSS ossClient = new OSSClientBuilder().build(endpoint, accessKeyId, accessKeySecret);try {// 创建PutObject请求。ossClient.putObject(bucketName, objectName, new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes));} catch (OSSException oe) {System.out.println("Caught an OSSException, which means your request made it to OSS, "+ "but was rejected with an error response for some reason.");System.out.println("Error Message:" + oe.getErrorMessage());System.out.println("Error Code:" + oe.getErrorCode());System.out.println("Request ID:" + oe.getRequestId());System.out.println("Host ID:" + oe.getHostId());} catch (ClientException ce) {System.out.println("Caught an ClientException, which means the client encountered "+ "a serious internal problem while trying to communicate with OSS, "+ "such as not being able to access the network.");System.out.println("Error Message:" + ce.getMessage());} finally {if (ossClient != null) {ossClient.shutdown();}}//文件访问路径规则 https://BucketName.Endpoint/ObjectNameStringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder("https://");stringBuilder.append(bucketName).append(".").append(endpoint).append("/").append(objectName);log.info("文件上传到:{}", stringBuilder.toString());return stringBuilder.toString();}
}2.2.5 在Controller中使用
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/admin/common")
@Api(tags = "通用接口")
@Slf4j
public class CommonController {@Autowiredprivate AliOssUtil aliOssUtil;@PostMapping("/upload")@ApiOperation("文件上传")public Result<String> upload(MultipartFile file){log.info("文件上传");try {//原始文件名String originalFilename = file.getOriginalFilename();//截取原始文件名后缀String substring = originalFilename.substring(originalFilename.lastIndexOf("."));String objectName = UUID.randomUUID().toString()+substring;String filePath = aliOssUtil.upload(file.getBytes(),objectName);return Result.success(filePath);} catch (IOException e) {log.error("文件上传失败：{}",e);}return Result.error(MessageConstant.UPLOAD_FAILED);}
}
